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Kumar R, Parashar A. Effect of the degree of polymerization and water content on the thermal transport phenomena in PEGDA hydrogel: a molecular-dynamics-based study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37409672 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00667k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogel is a 3D cross-linked polymer network that can absorb copious amounts of water or biological fluid. Due to their biocompatibility and non-toxicity, hydrogels have a wide range of applications in biomedical engineering. To develop hydrogels with superior thermal dissipation properties, atomistic-level studies are required to quantify the effect of the water content and the degree of polymerization. Classical mechanics-based non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations were performed in conjunction with a mathematical formulation developed by Müller-Plathe to explore the thermal conductivity of the poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel. This work reveals that the thermal conductivity of the PEGDA hydrogel is enhanced with the increase in water content and approaches the value of the thermal conductivity of water at 85% water content in the hydrogel. The PEGDA-9 hydrogel, with a lower level of degree of polymerization, has a superior thermal conductivity than the PEGDA-13 and PEGDA-23 hydrogels. The lower level of degree of polymerization is associated with the higher mesh density of polymer chain network junctions that help to achieve the superior thermal conductivity at higher water contents. Increasing the water content improves the structural stability and compactness of the polymer chains, which can be further associated with the enhanced phonon transfer in PEGDA hydrogels. The work will help in the development of PEGDA-based hydrogels with superior thermal dissipation properties for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Avinash Parashar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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Kumar R, Parashar A. Atomistic simulations of pristine and nanoparticle reinforced hydrogels: A review. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Uttarakhand India
| | - Avinash Parashar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Uttarakhand India
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Akulo KA, Adali T, Moyo MTG, Bodamyali T. Intravitreal Injectable Hydrogels for Sustained Drug Delivery in Glaucoma Treatment and Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122359. [PMID: 35745935 PMCID: PMC9230531 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is extensively treated with topical eye drops containing drugs. However, the retention time of the loaded drugs and the in vivo bioavailability of the drugs are highly influenced before reaching the targeted area sufficiently, due to physiological and anatomical barriers of the eye, such as rapid nasolacrimal drainage. Poor intraocular penetration and frequent administration may also cause ocular cytotoxicity. A novel approach to overcome these drawbacks is the use of injectable hydrogels administered intravitreously for sustained drug delivery to the target site. These injectable hydrogels are used as nanocarriers to intimately interact with specific diseased ocular tissues to increase the therapeutic efficacy and drug bioavailability of the anti-glaucomic drugs. The human eye is very delicate, and is sensitive to contact with any foreign body material. However, natural biopolymers are non-reactive, biocompatible, biodegradable, and lack immunogenic and inflammatory responses to the host whenever they are incorporated in drug delivery systems. These favorable biomaterial properties have made them widely applicable in biomedical applications, with minimal adversity. This review highlights the importance of using natural biopolymer-based intravitreal hydrogel drug delivery systems for glaucoma treatment over conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassahun Alula Akulo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefkoşa 99138, Turkey; (K.A.A.); (M.T.G.M.)
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Center, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefkoşa 99138, Turkey
| | - Terin Adali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefkoşa 99138, Turkey; (K.A.A.); (M.T.G.M.)
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Center, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefkoşa 99138, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University SUNUM, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Correspondence:
| | - Mthabisi Talent George Moyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefkoşa 99138, Turkey; (K.A.A.); (M.T.G.M.)
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Center, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefkoşa 99138, Turkey
| | - Tulin Bodamyali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Girne American University, Mersin 10, Girne 99428, Turkey;
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Mercado-Montijo J, Anstine DM, Rukmani SJ, Colina CM, Andrew JS. PEGDA hydrogel structure from semi-dilute concentrations: insights from experiments and molecular simulations. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3565-3574. [PMID: 35466967 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01708j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of hydrogel materials used in biomedical applications is dependent on polymer network topology and the structure of water-laden pore space. Hydrogel microstructure can be tuned by adjusting synthesis parameters such as macromer molar mass and concentration. Moreover, hydrogels beyond dilute conditions are needed to produce mechanically robust and dense networks for tissue engineering and/or drug delivery systems. Thus, this study utilizes a combined experimental and molecular simulation approach to characterize structural features for 4.8 and 10 kDa poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels formed from a range of semi-dilute solution concentrations. The connection between chain-chain interactions in polymer solutions, hydrogel structure, and equilibrium swelling behavior is presented. Bulk rheology analysis revealed an entanglement concentration for PEGDA pre-gel solutions around 28 wt% for both macromers studied. A similar transition in swelling behavior was revealed around the same concentration where hydrogel capacity to retain water was drastically reduced. To understand this transition, the hydrogel structure was characterized using the swollen polymer network hypothesis and compared to pore size distributions from molecular dynamics simulations. We find in both approaches a structural transition concentration at the hydrogel swelling inflection point that is comparable to the entanglement concentration. Calculated mesh sizes from theory are compared with computationally determined average maximum pore diameters; mesh sizes from theory yielded greater feature sizes across all concentrations considered. Molecular simulations are further used to assess pore dynamics, which are shown to vary in distribution shape and number of modes compared to the time-averaged hydrogel pore features. Altogether, this work provides insights into hydrogel network features and their dynamic behavior at physiological conditions (37 °C) as a basis for hydrogel design beyond dilute conditions for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomary Mercado-Montijo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Dylan M Anstine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Shalini J Rukmani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Coray M Colina
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Jennifer S Andrew
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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Sun G, Huang Y, Lv L, Li D, Fan Q, Li Y, Shao J. A constant shear stress strategy for establishing
in situ
viscosity models of photoinduced polymerization of acrylamide. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Eco‐Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Yi Huang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco‐Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Tongxiang Research Institute Tongxiang Zhejiang China
| | - Lingling Lv
- Engineering Research Center for Eco‐Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Bioengineering University of Massachusetts Dartmouth North Dartmouth Massachusetts USA
| | - Qinguo Fan
- Department of Bioengineering University of Massachusetts Dartmouth North Dartmouth Massachusetts USA
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Engineering Research Center for Eco‐Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Tongxiang Research Institute Tongxiang Zhejiang China
| | - Jianzhong Shao
- Engineering Research Center for Eco‐Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
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Luo K, Wangari C, Subhash G, Spearot DE. Effect of Loop Defects on the High Strain Rate Behavior of PEGDA Hydrogels: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2029-2039. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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