1
|
Gabana K, Gehring GA, Zeng X, Ungar G. Quantitative Model of Multiple Crystal Growth Rate Minima in Polymers with Regularly Spaced Substituent Groups. Macromolecules 2024; 57:1667-1676. [PMID: 38435680 PMCID: PMC10902838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
A simple theory has been developed to explain quantitatively the multiple crystal growth rate minima observed experimentally in polyethylene brassylates (PEBs), polymers with regularly spaced "chemical defects", in this case, diester groups separated by 11 methylenes. The minima occur at the transitions where the fold length drops from 4 to 3 repeat units and from 3 to 2 units. An analytical rate-equation model was developed with elementary attachment and detachment steps of individual monomer repeat units, also including postattachment stem lengthening (stem conversion). The model produced a good fit to experimental crystallization rate curves for PEBs of three different molecular weights. The fits confirm in a quantitative way that the anomalies are caused by the self-poisoning effect, as proposed in the original experimental report on PEBs, based on the ideas developed in previous studies on long-chain n-alkanes. It is concluded that the rate minima in PEBs are the result of temporary attachment to the growth surface of stems that are too short to be stable yet long enough and close to stability to obstruct productive growth by stems of sufficient length. The results confirm the ubiquitous presence of self-poisoning at the growth front of polymer crystals in general and will help to achieve a better understanding of the complex process of crystallization of polymers. It will also allow the determination of more realistic parameters controlling their lamellar growth kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kutlwano Gabana
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Gillian A. Gehring
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
- Shaanxi
International Research Center for Soft Materials, School of Material
Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Janani H, Marxsen SF, Eck M, Mecking S, Tashiro K, Alamo RG. Polymorphism and Stretch-Induced Transformations of Sustainable Polyethylene-Like Materials. ACS Macro Lett 2024:201-206. [PMID: 38261790 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate that polyethylene-like bioderived, biodegradable, and fully recyclable unbranched aliphatic polyesters, such as PE-2,18, develop hexagonal crystal structures upon quenching from the melt to temperatures <∼50 °C and orthorhombic-like packing at higher quenching temperatures or after isothermal crystallization. Both crystal types are layered. While all-trans CH2 packing characterizes the structure of the orthorhombic-like form, there is significant conformational disorder in the staggered long CH2 sequences of the hexagonal crystals. On heating, the hexagonal crystals transform to the orthorhombic type at ∼60 °C via melt recrystallization, but no change is apparent during heating samples with the orthorhombic form up to the melting point (∼95 °C). The hexagonal structure is of interest not only because it develops under very rapid quenching from the melt but also because under uniaxial tensile deformation it undergoes a stretch-induced transformation to the orthorhombic structure. Compared to deformation of orthorhombic specimens that maintain the same crystal type, such transformation results in larger strains and enhanced strain hardening, thus representing a desired toughening mechanism for this type of polyethylene-like materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Janani
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Stephanie F Marxsen
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Marcel Eck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kohji Tashiro
- Aichi Synchrotron Radiation Center, Knowledge Hub Aichi, Minami-Yamaguchi, Seto 489-0965, Japan
| | - Rufina G Alamo
- FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ni L, Sun C, Xu S, Xiang W, Pan Y, Wang B, Zheng Y, Yu C, Pan P. Thermally Induced Phase Transition of Polybutene-1 from Form I′ to Form II through Melt Recrystallization: Crucial Role of Chain Entanglement. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ni
- Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenxuan Sun
- Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wangkai Xiang
- Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongwei Pan
- Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Bao Wang
- Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Chengtao Yu
- Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Pengju Pan
- Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song T, Liu M, Tian J, Wang S, Li Q. Effect of PLA/TiO2/Lg filler competition and synergy on crystallization behavior, mechanics and functionality of composite foaming materials. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
|
5
|
Yu Y, Zheng Y, Liang J, Sun X, Cao Y, Pan P, Wei Z. Temperature-Dependent Polymorphic Crystallization and Crystalline Structure of Unsaturated Polyesters Derived from cis-2-Butene-1,4-diol. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian116622, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou324000, China
| | - Junhao Liang
- Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, 510640Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology (AISMST), School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, 510640Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou324000, China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marxsen SF, Song D, Zhang X, Flores I, Fernández J, Sarasua JR, Müller AJ, Alamo RG. Crystallization Rate Minima of Poly(ethylene brassylate) at Temperatures Transitioning between Quantized Crystal Thicknesses. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F. Marxsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Daokun Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Irma Flores
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jorge Fernández
- POLIMERBIO SL, Paseo Miramón 170, Planta 3, Lab. B05, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José Ramón Sarasua
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Paren BA, Häußler M, Rathenow P, Mecking S, Winey KI. Decoupled Cation Transport within Layered Assemblies in Sulfonated and Crystalline Telechelic Polyethylenes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Paren
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Manuel Häußler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Patrick Rathenow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Soman B, Go YK, Shen C, Leal C, Evans CM. Impact of dynamic covalent chemistry and precise linker length on crystallization kinetics and morphology in ethylene vitrimers. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:293-303. [PMID: 34913939 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01288f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vitrimers, dynamic polymer networks with topology conserving exchange reactions, have emerged as a promising platform for sustainable and reprocessable materials. While prior work has documented how dynamic bonds impact stress relaxation and viscosity, their role on crystallization has not been systematically explored. Precise ethylene vitrimers with 8, 10, or 12 methylene units between boronic ester junctions were investigated to understand the impact of bond exchange on crystallization kinetics and morphology. Compared to linear polyethylene which has been heavily investigated for decades, a long induction period for crystallization is seen in the vitrimers ultimately taking weeks in the densest networks. An increase in melting temperatures (Tm) of 25-30 K is observed with isothermal crystallization over 30 days. Both C10 and C12 networks initially form hexagonal crystals, while the C10 network transforms to orthorhombic over the 30 day window as observed with wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and optical microscopy (OM). After 150 days of isothermal crystallization, the three linker lengths led to double diamond (C8), orthorhombic (C10), and hexagonal (C12) crystals indicating the importance of precision on final morphology. Control experiments on a precise, permanent network implicate dynamic bonds as the cause of long-time rearrangements of the crystals, which is critical to understand for applications of semi-crystalline vitrimers. The dynamic bonds also allow the networks to dissolve in water and alcohol-based solvents to monomers, followed by repolymerization while preserving the mechanical properties and melting temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Soman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Yoo Kyung Go
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Chengtian Shen
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Cecilia Leal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Flores I, Pérez-Camargo RA, Gabirondo E, Caputo MR, Liu G, Wang D, Sardon H, Müller AJ. Unexpected Structural Properties in the Saturation Region of the Odd–Even Effects in Aliphatic Polyethers: Influence of Crystallization Conditions. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Flores
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Ricardo A. Pérez-Camargo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Elena Gabirondo
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Maria Rosaria Caputo
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Guoming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang X, Gohn A, Mendis G, Buzinkai JF, Weigand SJ, Rhoades AM. Probing Three Distinct Crystal Polymorphs of Melt-Crystallized Polyamide 6 by an Integrated Fast Scanning Calorimetry Chip System. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Zhang
- School of Engineering, Penn State Behrend, Erie, Pennsylvania 16563, United States
| | - Anne Gohn
- School of Engineering, Penn State Behrend, Erie, Pennsylvania 16563, United States
| | - Gamini Mendis
- School of Engineering, Penn State Behrend, Erie, Pennsylvania 16563, United States
| | | | - Steven J. Weigand
- DND-CAT Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, APS/ANL Building 432-A004, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Alicyn M. Rhoades
- School of Engineering, Penn State Behrend, Erie, Pennsylvania 16563, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marxsen SF, Häußler M, Mecking S, Alamo RG. Crystallization of Long-Spaced Precision Polyacetals III: Polymorphism and Crystallization Kinetics of Even Polyacetals Spaced by 6 to 26 Methylenes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1560. [PMID: 34067999 PMCID: PMC8152236 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we extend the study of polymorphism and crystallization kinetics of aliphatic polyacetals to include shorter (PA-6) and longer (PA-26) methylene lengths in a series of even long-spaced systems. On a deep quenching to 0 °C, the longest even polyacetals, PA-18 and PA-26, develop mesomorphic-like disordered structures which, on heating, transform progressively to hexagonal, Form I, and Form II crystallites. Shorter polyacetals, such as PA-6 and PA-12 cannot bypass the formation of Form I. In these systems a mixture of this form and disordered structures develops even under fast deep quenching. A prediction from melting points that Form II will not develop in polyacetals with eight or fewer methylene groups between consecutive acetals was further corroborated with data for PA-6. The temperature coefficient of the overall crystallization rate of the two highest temperature polymorphs, Form I and Form II, was analyzed from the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) peak crystallization times. The crystallization rate of Form II shows a deep inversion at temperatures approaching the polymorphic transition region from above. The new data on PA-26 confirm that at the minimum rate the heat of fusion is so low that crystallization becomes basically extinguished. The rate inversion and dramatic drop in the heat of fusion irrespective of crystallization time are associated with a competition in nucleation between Forms I and II. The latter is due to large differences in nucleation barriers between these two phases. As PA-6 does not develop Form II, the rate data of this polyacetal display a continuous temperature gradient. The data of the extended polyacetal series demonstrate the important role of methylene sequence length on polymorphism and crystallization kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F. Marxsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA;
| | - Manuel Häußler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (M.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (M.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang X, Marxsen SF, Ortmann P, Mecking S, Alamo RG. Crystallization of Long-Spaced Precision Polyacetals II: Effect of Polymorphism on Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Stephanie F. Marxsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Patrick Ortmann
- Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mecking S. Polyethylene-like materials from plant oils. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190266. [PMID: 32623990 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) is the most important synthetic polymer material produced. Its excellent material properties arise from crystalline interactions in its hydrocarbon chains. This simple concept inspires studies of materials based on alternative non-fossil feedstocks and with additional traits such as a non-persistent nature. Renewable seed oil or microalgae oil lipids can serve as a feedstock for long-chain difunctional monomers. Catalytic conversion of their unsaturated fatty acids by e.g. isomerizing carbonylation or olefin metathesis yields long-chain monomers X-(CH2)n-X with 18-26 carbon atoms and terminal dicarboxy, diol or diamine groups (X), and ultralong-chain PE telechelics with 48 carbon atoms. These can be polymerized to polyesters, polycarbonates and other (ultra)long-chain polycondensates. These in many cases possess PE-like solid-state structure and properties. Unlike PE, they contain in-chain functional groups that can potentially enhance degradability. The crystalline and hydrophobic nature of the polymers decelerates degradation strongly compared to rapidly degrading shorter chain analogues. Our preliminary findings suggest that a non-persistent nature can be achieved for these materials. This review article is based on a lecture held at the Royal Society Discussion Meeting on Science to enable the circular economy. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Science to enable the circular economy'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shen J, Zhou Y, Lu Y, Wang B, Shen C, Chen J, Zhang B. Later Stage Melting of Isotactic Polypropylene. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Shen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaguang Lu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binghua Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changyu Shen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Marxsen SF, Häuβler M, Mecking S, Alamo RG. Isothermal step thickening in a long-spaced aliphatic polyester. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
16
|
Haider T, Suraeva O, O'Duill ML, Mars J, Mezger M, Lieberwirth I, Wurm FR. Controlling the crystal structure of precisely spaced polyethylene-like polyphosphoesters. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00272k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and crystallization behavior of polyethylene-like polyphosphates with a precise spacing of 20, 30, and 40 methylene groups between each phosphate group, which determined the crystal structure, lamellar, and crystal thickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Haider
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Oksana Suraeva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | | | - Julian Mars
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rank C, Yan L, Mecking S, Winey KI. Periodic Polyethylene Sulfonates from Polyesterification: Bulk and Nanoparticle Morphologies and Ionic Conductivities. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Rank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|