1
|
Cherri M, Romero JF, Steiner L, Dimde M, Koeppe H, Paulus B, Mohammadifar E, Haag R. Power of the Disulfide Bond: An Ideal Random Copolymerization of Biodegradable Redox-Responsive Hyperbranched Polyglycerols. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:119-133. [PMID: 38112688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of copolymerization techniques that can randomly incorporate biodegradable moieties into the hyperbranched polyglycerol backbone is an option to prevent its bioaccumulation in vivo. In this study, redox-responsive and biocompatible hyperbranched polyglycerol copolymers of glycidol and 1,4,5-oxadithiepan-2-one were synthesized with an adjustable molecular weight and a defined disulfide bond content through anionic and coordination-insertion ring-opening polymerization. A truly random incorporation of the monomers was achieved under both copolymerization mechanisms. The copolymers were further characterized in terms of their aggregation behavior in solution, degradability, in vitro cell viability, and blood compatibility for potential future biomedical applications. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the copolymer assembled into nanoparticles with a size range of 20 nm. The copolymers underwent degradation when incubated with two different reducing agents, resulting in smaller fragments of the polymer with thiol end groups. The copolymers demonstrated good biocompatibility, making them suitable for further investigation in biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Cherri
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Fernanda Romero
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Steiner
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Dimde
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Research Center of Electron Microscopy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Hanna Koeppe
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ehsan Mohammadifar
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ferrier RC, Kumbhar G, Crum-Dacon S, Lynd NA. A guide to modern methods for poly(thio)ether synthesis using Earth-abundant metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12390-12410. [PMID: 37753731 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyethers and polythioethers have a long and storied history dating back to the start of polymer science as a distinct field. As such, these materials have been utilized in a wide range of commercial applications and fundamental studies. The breadth of their material properties and the contexts in which they are applied is ultimately owed to their diverse monomer pre-cursors, epoxides and thiiranes, respectively. The facile polymerization of these monomers, both historically and contemporaneously, across academia and industry, has occurred through the use of Earth-abundant metals as catalysts and/or initiators. Despite this, polymerization methods for these monomers are underutilized compared to other monomer classes like cyclic olefins, vinyls, and (meth)acrylates. We feel a focused review that clearly outlines the benefits and shortcomings of extant synthetic methods for poly(thio)ethers along with their proposed mechanisms and quirks will help facilitate the utilization of these methods and by extension the unique polymer materials they create. Therefore, this Feature Article briefly describes the applications of poly(thio)ethers before discussing the feature-set of each poly(thio)ether synthetic method and qualitatively scoring them on relevant metrics (e.g., ease-of-use, molecular weight control, etc.) to help would-be poly(thio)ether-makers find an appropriate synthetic approach. The article is concluded with a look ahead at the future of poly(thio)ether synthesis with Earth-abundant metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Ferrier
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Gouree Kumbhar
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Shaylynn Crum-Dacon
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Nathaniel A Lynd
- University of Texas-Austin, McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eng YJ, Nguyen TM, Luo HK, Chan JMW. Antifouling polymers for nanomedicine and surfaces: recent advances. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15472-15512. [PMID: 37740391 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03164k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Antifouling polymers are materials that can resist nonspecific interactions with cells, proteins, and other biomolecules. Typically, they are hydrophilic polymers with polar or charged moieties that are capable of strong nonbonding interactions with water molecules. This propensity to bind water generates a surface hydration layer that reduces nonspecific interactions with other molecules and is paramount to the antifouling behavior. This property is especially useful for nanoscale applications such as nanomedicine and surface modifications at the molecular level. In nanomedicine, antifouling polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) and its alternatives play a key role in shielding drug molecules and therapeutic proteins/genes from the immune system within nanoassemblies, thereby enabling effective delivery to target tissues. For coatings, antifouling polymers help to prevent adhesion of cells and molecules to surfaces and are thus valued in marine and biomedical device applications. In this Review, we survey recent advances in antifouling polymers in the context of nanomedicine and coatings, while shining the spotlight on the major polymer classes such as PEG, polyzwitterions, poly(oxazoline)s, and other nonionic hydrophilic polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jie Eng
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Tuan Minh Nguyen
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore.
| | - He-Kuan Luo
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Julian M W Chan
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sung K, Baek J, Choi S, Kim BS, Lee SH, Lee IH, Jang HY. Cu(triNHC)-catalyzed polymerization of glycidol to produce ultralow-branched polyglycerol. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24071-24076. [PMID: 37577101 PMCID: PMC10415747 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04422j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We have successfully synthesized a novel form of polyglycerol with an unprecedentedly low degree of branching (DB = 0.08-0.18), eliminating the need for glycidol protection. Leveraging the remarkable efficiency and selectivity of our Cu(triNHC) catalyst, comprising copper(i) ions and NHC ligands, we achieved a highly selective polymerization process. The proposed Cu-coordination mechanisms presented the formation of linear L1,3 units while effectively suppressing dendritic units. Consequently, our pioneering approach yielded polyglycerol with an ultralow DB and exceptional yields. To comprehensively assess the physical properties and topology of the synthesized polyglycerol, we employed 1H diffusion-ordered spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight spectrometry. Remarkably, the ultralow-branched cyclic polyglycerol (DB = 0.08) synthesized at 0 °C showcased extraordinary characteristics, exhibiting the lowest diffusion coefficient and the highest molecular weight. This achievement establishes the significant potential of our polyglycerol with a low degree of branching, revolutionizing the field of biocompatible polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kihyuk Sung
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University Suwon 16499 Korea +82(031)-219-2555
| | - Jinsu Baek
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Soonyoung Choi
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan 44412 Korea
| | - Byeong-Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan 44412 Korea
| | - In-Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ajou University Suwon 16499 Korea
| | - Hye-Young Jang
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University Suwon 16499 Korea +82(031)-219-2555
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alagi P, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Quasilinear polyglycidols by triethyborane-controlled anionic polymerization of unprotected glycidol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2958-2961. [PMID: 36807619 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00153a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, quasilinear polyglycidols (PG)s with ultralow degree of branching (DB) could be synthesized through anionic polymerization of glycidol carried out in the presence of triethylborane (TEB). PGs with DB ≤ 0.10, and molar masses up to 40 kg mol-1 could be indeed obtained using mono- or trifunctional ammonium carboxylates as initiator and under slow monomer addition conditions. The synthesis of degradable PGs through ester linkages obtained by copolymerization of glycidol with anhydride is also described. PG-based amphiphilic di- and triblock quasilinear copolymers were also derived. The role played by TEB is discussed and a polymerization mechanism is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Alagi
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Verma A, Saini S, Sharma B, Verma V, Behera B, Singh R, Ganguly SK, Ray A, Vorontsov A, Kumar U. EDTA incorporated Fe-Zn double metal cyanide catalyst for the controlled synthesis of polyoxypropylene glycol. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
7
|
Highly Active Heterogeneous Double Metal Cyanide Catalysts for Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122507. [PMID: 35746084 PMCID: PMC9227229 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of heterogeneous Zn-Co double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts were investigated for ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of various cyclic monomers. Notably, inexpensive and commonly used organic solvents such as acetone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, nitromethane, and 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one were very effective complexing agents for the preparation of DMC catalysts, showing high catalytic activity for the ROP of propylene oxide, ε-caprolactone, and δ-valerolactone. The chemical structures and compositions of the resultant catalysts were determined using various techniques such as FT-IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis. α,ω-Hydroxyl-functionalized polyether and polyester polyols with high yields and tunable molecular weights were synthesized in the presence of various initiators to control functionality. Kinetic studies of the ROP of δ-valerolactone were also performed to confirm the reaction mechanism.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim SE, Lee YR, Kim M, Seo E, Paik HJ, Kim JC, Jeong JE, Park YI, Kim BS, Lee SH. Highly Tunable Metal-Free Ring Opening Polymerization of Glycidol into Various Controlled Topologies Catalyzed by Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01442k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the topology of a polymer is essential in determining its physical properties and processing. Even after numerous studies, obtaining a diverse array of topologies, particularly within the framework of...
Collapse
|
9
|
Matthes R, Bapp C, Wagner M, Zarbakhsh S, Frey H. Unexpected Random Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide with Glycidyl Methyl Ether via Double Metal Cyanide Catalysis: Introducing Polarity in Polypropylene Oxide. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Matthes
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carolin Bapp
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sirus Zarbakhsh
- BASF SE, RAP/LO, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Seo YH, Hyun YB, Lee HJ, Baek JW, Lee HC, Lee JH, Lee J, Lee BY. Preparation of double-metal cyanide catalysts with H3Co(CN)6 for propylene oxide homo- and CO2-copolymerization. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
11
|
Heterogeneous Double Metal Cyanide Catalyzed Synthesis of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Polyols for the Preparation of Thermoplastic Elastomers. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of polycaprolactones (PCLs) with molecular weights of 950–10,100 g mol−1 and Ð of 1.10–1.87 have been synthesized via one-pot, solvent-free ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) using a heterogeneous double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst. Various initiators, such as polypropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, and sorbitol, are employed to tune the number of hydroxyl end groups and properties of the resultant PCLs. Kinetic studies indicate that the DMC-catalyzed ROP of CL proceeds via a similar mechanism with the coordination polymerization. Branched PCLs copolymers are also synthesized via the DMC-catalyzed copolymerization of CL with glycidol. The α,ω-hydroxyl functionalized PCLs were successfully used as telechelic polymers to produce thermoplastic poly(ester-ester) and poly(ester-urethane) elastomers with well-balanced stress and strain properties.
Collapse
|
12
|
|