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Kaya K, Kiliclar HC, Yagci Y. Photochemically generated ionic species for cationic and step-growth polymerizations. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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2
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Wu Y, Zhang L, Ma F, Ding T, Obolda A. Synthesis of carbazole-based dendritic conjugated polymer: a dual channel optical probe for the detection of I - and Hg 2. Des Monomers Polym 2022; 25:184-196. [PMID: 35755880 PMCID: PMC9225711 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2022.2088977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new type of carbazole-based blue-emitting dendritic conjugated polymer, poly[(9,9-dioctyl)-2,7-fluorene-co-4,4’,4”-triphenylamine-co-9-(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl)-3,6-carbazole](P), was successfully synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction. Chemical structures of monomers and polymer were verified by FI-IR and 1HNMR characterizations. We found that polymer showed a special selectivity and high sensitivity for I−. With the addition of I−, the fluorescent polymer solution was obviously quenched. The polymer showed a special detection effect on I−. However, the fluorescent polymer was obviously restored when Hg2+ was added to the P/I− system due to the large complexation between I− and Hg2+. The anti-interference experiments of probe P/I− showed that other background cations have a slight influence on detecting Hg2+, and the calculated detection limit of Hg2+ reached 9.7 × 10−8 M, which could be a potential application for a two-channel cyclic detection of I− and Hg2+. Additionally, it was found that the theoretical values were in agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Fudong Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Tao Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Ablikim Obolda
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, PR China
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3
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Dong X, Xu H, Hao H, Sheng W, Lang X. Selective photocatalytic oxidation of sulfides with dioxygen over carbazole-fluorene conjugated microporous polymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:882-892. [PMID: 34785463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One sustainable concept emerges to implement the selective oxidation of sulfides with dioxygen (O2) at ambient conditions and has received increasing attention. As such, three donor-acceptor (D-A) type conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) were connected via robust CC bonds prepared from FeCl3-promoted polymerization of monomers of 3,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-9H-fluorene with the 9H position of the fluorene moiety occupied by 1,1'-biphenyl-, difluoro-, or keto- group, furnishing 9,9'-(9,9'-spirobi[fluorene]-2,7-diyl)-bis-9H-carbazole-CMP (SFC-CMP), 9,9'-(9,9-difluoro-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis(9H-carbazole)-CMP (FFC-CMP), and 2,7-di(carbazol-9-yl)-fluoren-9-one-CMP (OFC-CMP), respectively. These three carbazole-fluorene CMPs could implement blue light-driven highly selective oxidation of sulfides into sulfoxides with O2 in methanol (CH3OH). Intriguingly, the SFC-CMP imparted the best photocatalytic activity for selective oxidation of sulfides in a broad scope. Besides, the SFC-CMP photocatalyst could be fully recovered even outperforming the fresh one. This work highlights that the properties of CMPs could be regulated by the D-A units like carbazole-fluorene to execute selective chemical transformations ambiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Dong
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huimin Hao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenlong Sheng
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xianjun Lang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Woods EF, Berl AJ, Kantt LP, Eckdahl CT, Wasielewski MR, Haines BE, Kalow JA. Light Directs Monomer Coordination in Catalyst-Free Grignard Photopolymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18755-18765. [PMID: 34699721 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
π-Conjugated polymers can serve as active layers in flexible and lightweight electronics and are conventionally synthesized by transition-metal-mediated polycondensation at elevated temperatures. We recently reported a photopolymerization of electron-deficient heteroaryl Grignard monomers that enables the catalyst-free synthesis of n-type π-conjugated polymers. Herein, we describe an experimental and computational investigation into the mechanism of this photopolymerization. Spectroscopic studies performed in situ and after quenching reveal that the propagating chain is a radical anion with halide end groups. DFT calculations for model oligomers suggest a Mg-templated SRN1-type coupling, in which Grignard monomer coordination to the radical anion chain avoids the formation of free sp2 radicals and allows C-C bond formation with very low barriers. We find that light plays an unusual role in the reaction, photoexciting the radical anion chain to shift electron density to the termini and thus enabling productive monomer binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot F Woods
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alexandra J Berl
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leanna P Kantt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher T Eckdahl
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brandon E Haines
- Department of Chemistry, Westmont College, 955 La Paz Rd, Santa Barbara, California 93108, United States
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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5
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Kaya K, Yagci Y. Contemporary Approaches for Conventional and Light‐Mediated Synthesis of Conjugated Heteroaromatic Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Kaya
- Chemistry Department Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Chemistry Department Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
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6
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Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions of Water Soluble Porphyrins in Zeolite Environment. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1575-1585. [PMID: 34338967 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Excited state interactions of zeolite adsorbed porphyrins have been investigated by steady state luminescence quenching technique with certain antioxidants such as reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid and L-cysteine. The zeolite supported porphyrins, meso-tetra (N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (H2TMPyP4+) and zinc tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (ZnTMPyP4+) were prepared and characterized by various techniques such as Diffuse Reflectance Spectra (DRS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and BET surface area. The interaction of zeolites with porphyrins are shown to increase the lifetime of the singlet excited state of porphyrins and decays are biphasic in nature. The splitting of the emission band of porphyrins occurs in 1:1 glycerol: water solution due to the changes in the dielectric of the solvation sphere associated with porphyrin. The Stern-Volmer plots of I0/I vs quencher concentration [Q] were linear in the whole range of [Q] used. These studies revealed the effective quenching for zinc porphyrin compared to free base porphyrin. The effect of quenchers and zeolite acidity has also been studied and the quenching rate constant (kq) is found in the order of 109 M-1 s-1. The quenching reaction obeys Rehm-Weller Equation and is shown to be due to thermodynamically favoured electron transfer from quenchers to the excited singlet state of porphyrins (reductive quenching).
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Zhao H, Shen P, Sun D, Zhai H, Zhao Y. The Regioselective Functionalization Reaction of Unprotected Carbazoles with Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9189-9199. [PMID: 34111921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective functionalization reaction of unprotected carbazoles with donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes has been demonstrated for the first time. With Sc(OTf)3 as Lewis acid catalyst, the N-H functionalization of carbazoles takes place through a highly selective nitrogen-initiated nucleophilic ring opening reaction. Significantly, by engaging TfOH as Brønsted acid catalyst, a straightforward C-H functionalization at the 3-position of the unprotected carbazole proceeds via Friedel-Crafts-type addition. This strategy facilitates the diversity-oriented synthesis of carbazole-containing heterocycles and expands the novel application of D-A cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongru Sun
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
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Celiker T, Suerkan A, Altinisik S, Akgun M, Koyuncu S, Yagci Y. Hollow microspherical carbazole-based conjugated polymers by photoinduced step-growth polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00822f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new photochemical approach for the synthesis of metal-free three-dimensional hollow spherical conjugated polymers is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Celiker
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Suerkan
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Altinisik
- Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Mert Akgun
- Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Science and Technology Application and Research Center, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Sermet Koyuncu
- Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Celiker T, İsci R, Kaya K, Ozturk T, Yagci Y. Photoinduced
step‐growth
polymerization of thieno[3,4‐b] thiophene derivatives. The substitution effect on the reactivity and electrochemical properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Celiker
- Istanbul Technical University Department of Chemistry Istanbul Turkey
| | - Recep İsci
- Istanbul Technical University Department of Chemistry Istanbul Turkey
| | - Kerem Kaya
- Istanbul Technical University Department of Chemistry Istanbul Turkey
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Istanbul Technical University Department of Chemistry Istanbul Turkey
- TUBITAK UME Chemistry Group Laboratories Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University Department of Chemistry Istanbul Turkey
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Celiker T, Kaya K, Koyuncu S, Yagci Y. Polypyrenes by Photoinduced Step-Growth Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Celiker
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kerem Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sermet Koyuncu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Monocomponent Photoinitiators based on Benzophenone-Carbazole Structure for LED Photoinitiating Systems and Application on 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061394. [PMID: 32580350 PMCID: PMC7362224 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, different substituents (benzoyl, acetyl, styryl) are introduced onto the carbazole scaffold to obtain 8 novel carbazole derivatives. Interestingly, a benzoyl substituent, connected to a carbazole group, could form a benzophenone moiety, which composes a monocomponent Type II benzophenone-carbazole photoinitiator (PI). The synergetic effect of the benzophenone moiety and the amine in the carbazole moiety is expected to produce high performance photoinitiating systems (PISs) for the free radical photopolymerization (FRP). For different substituents, clear effects on the light absorption properties are demonstrated using UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. Benzophenone-carbazole PIs can initiate the FRP of acrylates alone (monocomponent Type II photoinitiator behavior). In addition, fast polymerization rates and high function conversions of acrylate are observed when an amine and/or an iodonium salt are added in systems. Benzophenone-carbazole PIs have good efficiencies in cationic photopolymerization (CP) upon LED @ 365 nm irradiation in the presence of iodonium salt. In contrast, other PIs without synergetic effect demonstrate unsatisfied photopolymerization profiles in the same conditions. The best PIS identified for the free radical photopolymerization were used in three-dimensional (3D) printing. Steady state photolysis and fluorescence quenching experiments were carried out to investigate the reactivity and the photochemistry and photophysical properties of PIs. The free radicals, generated from the studied PISs, are detected by the electron spin resonance - spin trapping technique. The proposed chemical mechanisms are provided and the structure/reactivity/efficiency relationships are also discussed. All the results showed that the benzophenone-carbazole PIs have a good application potential, and this work provides a rational design route for PI molecules. Remarkably, BPC2-BPC4, C6, C8 were never synthetized before; therefore, 5 of the 8 compounds are completely new.
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