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Jain VK, Jain K, Popli H. Conjugates of amphotericin B to resolve challenges associated with its delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:187-210. [PMID: 38243810 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2308073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amphotericin B (AmB), a promising antifungal and antileishmanial drug, acts on the membrane of microorganisms. The clinical use of AmB is limited due to issues associated with its delivery including poor solubility and bioavailability, instability in acidic media, poor intestinal permeability, dose and aggregation state dependent toxicity, parenteral administration, and requirement of cold chain for transport and storage, etc. AREAS COVERED Scientists have formulated and explored various covalent conjugates of AmB to reduce its toxicity with increase in solubility, oral bioavailability, and payload or loading of AmB by using various polymers, lipids, carbon-based nanocarriers, metallic nanoparticles, and vesicular carriers, etc. In this article, we have reviewed various conjugates of AmB with polymers and nanomaterials explored for its delivery to give a deep insight regarding further exploration in future. EXPERT OPINION Covalent conjugates of AmB have been investigated by scientists, and preliminary in vitro and animal investigations have given successful results, which are required to be validated further with systematic investigation on safety and therapeutic efficacy in animals followed by clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Keerti Jain
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Harvinder Popli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
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Marques Borges GS, Santos TT, Pinto CM, Frézard F, Blanco VF, Ondei R, Rumbelow S, Miranda Ferreira LA, Gontijo de Aguiar MM, Castro Goulart GA. Distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol and dioleoyl phosphatidylglycerol increase the retention and reduce the toxicity of amphotericin B-loaded in nanoemulsions. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:383-396. [PMID: 38293893 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop nanoemulsions (NEs) loading amphotericin B (AmB) and to evaluate the influence of different excipients on the stability and the supramolecular organization, retention and toxicity of AmB. Materials & methods: The NEs were developed from different oils, surfactants, external media and anionic lipids (disteaoryl phosphatidylglycerol [DSPG] and dioleoyl phosphatidylglycerol [DOPG]). Their impact on the size, pH, zeta potential, AmB encapsulation efficiency, AmB retention and hemolytic potential of the NEs was evaluated. Results & conclusion: The use of soybean oil (lipid matrix), Span 80 (surfactant), phosphate buffer (external phase) and DSPG or DOPG (hydrophobic ion pair) provided better NE stability, higher AmB retention within the NEs and a safer formulation profile in hemolysis tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Silva Marques Borges
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, 39100-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thais Tunes Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Monteiro Pinto
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Frédéric Frézard
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Ondei
- Croda do Brasil, Rua Croda, 580, Campinas, 13054-710, Brazil
| | - Stephen Rumbelow
- Croda Inc, Building 2, Suite 200, 777 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Lucas Antônio Miranda Ferreira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marta Marques Gontijo de Aguiar
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gisele Assis Castro Goulart
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
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Sharifi N, Alitaneh Z, Asadi S, Vahidinia Z, Aghaei Zarch SM, Esmaeili A, Bagheri-Mohammadi S, Najafi S, Mazhari Y. Developing nanosize carrier systems for Amphotericin-B: A review on the biomedical application of nanoparticles for the treatment of leishmaniasis and fungal infections. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300462. [PMID: 38073122 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
New formulations of Amphotericin-B (Am-B), the most popular therapeutic drug for many human infections such as parasitic and fungal pathogens, are safe, economical, and effective in the world. Several newly designed carrier systems for Am-B can also be considered orally with sufficient gastrointestinal permeability and good solubility. However, the clinical application of several new formulations of Am-B with organ cytotoxicity, low bioavailability, high costs, and technical problems have caused some issues. Therefore, more attention and scientific design are required to progress safe and effective drug delivery systems. Currently, the application of nano-based technology and nanomaterials in the advancement of drug delivery systems exhibits promising outcomes to cure many human systemic infections. Designing novel drug delivery systems including solid lipid nanostructured materials, lipo-polymersomes, drug conjugates and microneedles, liposomes, polymer and protein-based nanostructured materials, dendrimers, emulsions, mixed micelles, polymeric micelles, cyclodextrins, nanocapsules, and nanocochleate for Am-B has many advantages to reducing several related issues. The unique properties of nanostructured particles such as proper morphology, small size, surface coatings, and, electrical charge, permit scientists to design new nanocomposite materials against microorganisms for application in various human diseases. These features have made these nanoparticles an ideal candidate for drug delivery systems in clinical approaches to cure a number of human disorders and currently, several therapeutic nanostructured material formulations are under different stages of clinical tests. Hence, this scientific paper mainly discussed the advances in new formulations of Am-B for the treatment of human systemic infections and related clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Sharifi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Alitaneh
- Quantitative and System Biology, Department of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, USA
| | - Sahar Asadi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zeinab Vahidinia
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esmaeili
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yosra Mazhari
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhong X, Yang J, Liu H, Yang Z, Luo P. Potential lipid-based strategies of amphotericin B designed for oral administration in clinical application. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2161671. [PMID: 36601799 PMCID: PMC9828648 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2161671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is regarded as a first-line therapy against life-threatening invasive fungal infections. Due to its poor oral bioavailability, AmB is restricted to intravenous administration in clinical practice. As science continues to move forward, two lipid-based formulations are successfully developed for oral AmB administration, currently undergoing phase I clinical trials. Encouragingly, lipid-AmB conjugates with emulsions also exhibit a better bioavailability, which may be another strategy to design oral AmB formulation in clinical practice. Thus, this review mainly focused on the two lipid-based formulations in clinical trials, and discussed the potential perspectives of AmB-lipid conjugation-loaded nanocochleates and emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhong
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianqiong Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China;
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Breast surgery, Nanchang Third Hospital, Nanchang, China,CONTACT Ping Luo Department of Breast surgery, Nanchang Third Hospital, Nanchang, China
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Joyson N, Pathak A, Jain K. One Platform Comparison of Polymeric and Lipidic Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Amphotericin B. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:226. [PMID: 37945925 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a membrane-acting antibiotic used for the treatment of fungal and protozoal infections. AmB exists in various molecular forms, i.e., monomeric, super-aggregated, and oligomeric forms, where oligomeric forms are highly toxic because of their relative affinity toward cholesterol present over human cell membrane. Hence, the objective of our research work was to study the aggregation state of AmB in two different nanoformulations, i.e., solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and zein-based nanoparticles (PNPs), with the aim of enhancing the fraction of less toxic form of AmB, and a comparative study was performed. The zein and glyceryl monostearate can intercalate the polyenic domain of AmB and thereby hinder the hydrophobic attractions between the AmB molecules, which allows their existence in monomeric forms. The particle size of AmB-SLNs and AmB-PNPs were 378.90 ± 9.50 nm and 184.90 ± 6.00 nm, while zeta potential was -34.97 ± 0.51 mV and +28.93 ± 2.29 mV, respectively. In vitro release studies showed more controlled release of AmB from PNPs (52.48 ± 1.07%) as compared to SLNs (86.33 ± 0.93%). The predominant aggregation state of AmB in both formulations was determined by UV-visible and circular dichroism spectrophotometry, where a higher degree of monomerization of AmB was reported in AmB-SLNs as compared to AmB-PNPs. Toxicity of the nanoformulations was evaluated through hemolysis test, where the results suggested that AmB-SLNs and AmB-PNPs were less hemolytic as compared to pure AmB. The nanoformulations demonstrated the predominant monomeric form of AmB, which may offer higher selectivity index toward microbial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandha Joyson
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Anchal Pathak
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Keerti Jain
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India.
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Ji X, Shi C, Guo D, Yang X, Suo L, Luo J. Engineering Telodendrimer Nanocarriers for Monomeric Amphotericin B Delivery. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2138-2149. [PMID: 36877183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic fungal infections are an increasingly prevalent health problem. Amphotericin B (AmB), a hydrophobic polyene antibiotic, remains the drug of choice for life-threatening invasive fungal infections. However, it has dose-limiting side effects, including nephrotoxicity. The efficacy and toxicity of AmB are directly related to its aggregation state. Here, we report the preparation of a series of telodendrimer (TD) nanocarriers with the freely engineered core structures for AmB encapsulation to fine-tune AmB aggregation status. The reduced aggregation status correlates well with the optimized antifungal activity, attenuated hemolytic properties, and reduced cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. The optimized TD nanocarrier for monomeric AmB encapsulation significantly increases the therapeutic index, reduces the in vivo toxicity, and enhances antifungal effects in mouse models with Candida albicans infection in comparison to two common clinical formulations, i.e., Fungizone and AmBisome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Changying Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Xiguang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Liye Suo
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Juntao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Surgery, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Cancer Center, Upstate Sepsis Interdisciplinary Research Center, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
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Frézard F, Aguiar MMG, Ferreira LAM, Ramos GS, Santos TT, Borges GSM, Vallejos VMR, De Morais HLO. Liposomal Amphotericin B for Treatment of Leishmaniasis: From the Identification of Critical Physicochemical Attributes to the Design of Effective Topical and Oral Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010099. [PMID: 36678729 PMCID: PMC9864876 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The liposomal amphotericin B (AmB) formulation, AmBisome®, still represents the best therapeutic option for cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. However, its clinical efficacy depends on the patient's immunological status, the clinical manifestation and the endemic region. Moreover, the need for parenteral administration, its side effects and high cost significantly limit its use in developing countries. This review reports the progress achieved thus far toward the understanding of the mechanism responsible for the reduced toxicity of liposomal AmB formulations and the factors that influence their efficacy against leishmaniasis. It also presents the recent advances in the development of more effective liposomal AmB formulations, including topical and oral liposome formulations. The critical role of the AmB aggregation state and release rate in the reduction of drug toxicity and in the drug efficacy by non-invasive routes is emphasized. This paper is expected to guide future research and development of innovative liposomal formulations of AmB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Frézard
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-34092940
| | - Marta M. G. Aguiar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas A. M. Ferreira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme S. Ramos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Thais T. Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S. M. Borges
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Virgínia M. R. Vallejos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Helane L. O. De Morais
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Mansur-Alves I, Lima BLF, Santos TT, Araújo NF, Frézard F, Islam A, de Barros AL, Dos Santos DC, Fernandes C, Ferreira LA, Aguiar MM. Cholesterol improves stability of amphotericin B nanoemulsion: promising use in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1237-1251. [PMID: 36189757 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Amphotericin B (AmB) is an antileishmanial drug with high toxicity; however, this drawback might overcome by decreasing the AmB self-aggregation state. This work aimed at evaluating the influence of cholesterol on the aggregation state of AmB loaded in a nanoemulsion (NE-AmB) for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. NE-AmB (1, 4 and 8 mg/kg/day) was administered intravenously to animals infected by Leishmania major every 2 days for a total of five injections. Results: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and circular dichroism studies demonstrated that cholesterol reduced AmB aggregation state in NE. NE-AmB was stable after 180 days, and its hemolytic toxicity was lower than that observed for the conventional AmB. NE-AmB administered intravenously into animals infected by Leishmania major at 8 mg/kg was capable of stabilizing the lesion size and reducing the parasitic load. Conclusion: These findings support the NE potential as a stable nanocarrier for AmB in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Mansur-Alves
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Brenda Lorrayne Furtado Lima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Thais Tunes Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Naialy F Araújo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Frédéric Frézard
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Arshad Islam
- Department of Pathology, Government Lady Reading Hospital, Medical Teaching Institution, Peshawar, 25100, Pakistan
| | - André Lb de Barros
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Délia Cm Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacy & Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural & Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitario, Alegre, Espírito Santo, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Christian Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Lucas Am Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-010, Brazil
| | - Marta Mg Aguiar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-010, Brazil
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Todke PA, Devarajan PV. In-silico approach as a tool for selection of excipients for safer amphotericin B nanoformulations. JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CONTROLLED RELEASE SOCIETY 2022; 349:756-764. [PMID: 35905782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Safer and efficacious Amphotericin B (AmB) nanoformulations can be designed by augmenting AmB in the monomeric or super-aggregated state, and restricting the aggregated state, by choosing the appropriate excipient, which can be facilitated by employing in-silico prediction as a tool. Excipients selected for the study included linear fatty acids from caprylic (C8) to stearic(C18) and the stearate based amphiphilic surfactants polyoxyl-15-hydroxystearate (PS15) and polyoxyl-40-stearate (PS40). Blend module was employed to determine the two miscibility parameters mixing energy (Emix) and interaction parameter (χ). AmB-excipient interactions were modelled using molecular docking software. The fatty acids revealed a decrease in Emix and χ values with increase in carbon chain length, suggesting enhanced affinity with increase in fatty acid hydrophobicity. Significantly higher affinity was observed with amphiphilic surfactants, in particular PS40 which exhibited negative values of Emix and χ proposing very high degree of miscibility. Molecular docking study confirmed extensive interaction of all the excipients with the AmB polyene chain. PS15 and PS40 displayed in addition hydrophilic interactions with the mycosamine and polyol moieties with PS40 exhibiting complete wrapping of the AmB molecule. PS15 demonstrated only partial wrapping, attributed to the shorter ethylene oxide chain. AmB nanosuspensions (NS) were prepared by in situ nanoprecipitation using the excipients and the AmB state identified by UV scanning between 300 and 500 nm. AmB NS with fatty acids and PS15-AmB NS revealed a high intensity peak between 330 nm-350 nm of aggregated AmB and low intensity monomeric peaks between 405 and 415 nm reflecting predominance of the aggregated state. PS40-AmB NS on the other hand revealed complete absence of aggregated state and a high intensity peak between 321 and 325 nm which corresponded to the super-aggregated state. Also, the super-aggregated state slowly released the safe monomeric form without aggregate formation. Furthermore, very low hemolysis seen with PS40-AmB NS confirmed low toxicity attributed to the safer super-aggregated state and while higher hemolysis as anticipated was seen with PS15-AmB NS (aggregated state). The basis for selection of the appropriate excipient for design of safer AmB nanoformulations would be those excipients that exhibit negative values of miscibility parameters Emix and χ, exhibit interaction with the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of AmB and demonstrate complete wrapping of AmB in the molecular docking study. Our study thus demonstrates feasibility of in-silico prediction as a practical tool for excipient selection for safer AmB nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja A Todke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Deemed University, Elite Status and Centre of Excellence (Maharashtra), N.P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Deemed University, Elite Status and Centre of Excellence (Maharashtra), N.P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
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Haro-Reyes T, Díaz-Peralta L, Galván-Hernández A, Rodríguez-López A, Rodríguez-Fragoso L, Ortega-Blake I. Polyene Antibiotics Physical Chemistry and Their Effect on Lipid Membranes; Impacting Biological Processes and Medical Applications. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070681. [PMID: 35877884 PMCID: PMC9316096 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This review examined a collection of studies regarding the molecular properties of some polyene antibiotic molecules as well as their properties in solution and in particular environmental conditions. We also looked into the proposed mechanism of action of polyenes, where membrane properties play a crucial role. Given the interest in polyene antibiotics as therapeutic agents, we looked into alternative ways of reducing their collateral toxicity, including semi-synthesis of derivatives and new formulations. We follow with studies on the role of membrane structure and, finally, recent developments regarding the most important clinical applications of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Haro-Reyes
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (T.H.-R.); (L.D.-P.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Lucero Díaz-Peralta
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (T.H.-R.); (L.D.-P.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Arturo Galván-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (T.H.-R.); (L.D.-P.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Anahi Rodríguez-López
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (A.R.-L.); (L.R.-F.)
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez-Fragoso
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (A.R.-L.); (L.R.-F.)
| | - Iván Ortega-Blake
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (T.H.-R.); (L.D.-P.); (A.G.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-77-7329-1762
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Assolini JP, Carloto ACM, Bortoleti BTDS, Gonçalves MD, Tomiotto Pellissier F, Feuser PE, Cordeiro AP, Hermes de Araújo PH, Sayer C, Miranda Sapla MM, Pavanelli WR. Nanomedicine in leishmaniasis: A promising tool for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease - An update overview. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 923:174934. [PMID: 35367420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from visceral to cutaneous, with millions of new cases and thousands of deaths notified every year. The severity of the disease and its various clinical forms are determined by the species of the causative agent, Leishmania, as well as the host's immune response. Major challenges still exist in the diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis, and there is no vaccine available to prevent this disease in humans. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising tool in a variety of fields. In this review, we highlight the main and most recent advances in nanomedicine to improve the diagnosis and treatment, as well as for the development of vaccines, for leishmaniasis. Nanomaterials are nanometric in size and can be produced by a variety of materials, including lipids, polymers, ceramics, and metals, with varying structures and morphologies. Nanotechnology can be used as biosensors to detect antibodies or antigens, thus improving the sensitivity and specificity of such immunological and molecular diagnostic tests. While in treatment, nanomaterials can act as drug carriers or, be used directly, to reduce any toxic effects of drug compounds to the host and to be more selective towards the parasite. Furthermore, preclinical studies show that different nanomaterials can carry different Leishmania antigens, or even act as adjuvants to improve a Th1 immune response in an attempt to produce an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Assolini
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil; Universidade Alto Vale do Rio Peixe, Caçador, SC, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Paulo Emilio Feuser
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Arthur Poester Cordeiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Sayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Singh A, Yadagiri G, Negi M, Kushwaha AK, Singh OP, Sundar S, Mudavath SL. Carboxymethyl chitosan modified lipid nanoformulations as a highly efficacious and biocompatible oral anti-leishmanial drug carrier system. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:373-385. [PMID: 35149096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) grafted lipid nanoformulations were facilely prepared by thin-film hydration method as a highly efficient biocompatible anti-leishmanial carrier encapsulating amphotericin B (AmB). Nanoformulations were characterized for their physicochemical characteristics wherein TEM analysis confirmed the spherical structure, whereas FTIR analysis revealed the conjugation of CMC onto nanoformulations and confirmed the free state of AmB. Furthermore, the wettability study confirmed the presence of CMC on the surface of nanoformulations attributed to the enhanced hydrophilicity. Surface hydrophilicity additionally contributes towards consistent mucin retention ability for up to 6 h, superior mucoadhesiveness, and hence enhanced bioavailability. The proposed nanoformulations with high encapsulation and drug loading properties displayed controlled drug release in the physiological microenvironment. In vitro, antileishmanial results showed an astounding 97% inhibition in amastigote growth. Additionally, in vivo studies showed that treatment with nanoformulations significantly reduced the liver parasitic burden (93.5%) without causing any toxicity when given orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakriti Singh
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ganesh Yadagiri
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Manorma Negi
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anurag Kumar Kushwaha
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Om Prakash Singh
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Shyam Lal Mudavath
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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The Fate of Sialic Acid and PEG Modified Epirubicin Liposomes in Aged versus Young Cells and Tumor Mice Models. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030545. [PMID: 35335921 PMCID: PMC8955061 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In preclinical studies of young mice, nanoparticles showed excellent anti-tumor therapeutic effects by harnessing Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBMs) and evading the immune system. However, the changes of age will inevitably affect PBMs and the immune system, and there is a serious lack of relevant research. Sialic acid (SA)-octadecylamine (ODA) was synthesized, and SA- or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified epirubicin (EPI) liposomes (EPI-SL and EPI-PL, respectively) were prepared to explore differences in antitumor treatment using 8-month-old and 8-week-old Kunming mice. Based on presented data, 8-month-old mice had more PBMs in peripheral blood than 8-week-old mice, and age differences resulted in different anti-tumor treatment effects following EPI-SL and EPI-PL treatment. Following EPI-PL administration, the tumor volume was significantly smaller in 8-week-old mice than in 8-month-old mice (* p < 0.05). Eight-month-old mice treated with EPI-SL (8M-SL) presented no damage to healthy tissue, with a 100% survival rate, and 50% mice in 8M-SL showed ‘shedding’ of tumor tissues from the growth site. Accordingly, 8-month-old mice treated with EPI-SL achieved the best therapeutic effect at different ages and with different liposomes. EPI-SL could improve the antitumor effect of 8-week-old and 8-month-old mice.
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Nagaraj S, Manivannan S, Narayan S. Potent antifungal agents and use of nanocarriers to improve delivery to the infected site: A systematic review. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:849-873. [PMID: 34351655 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There are four major classes of antifungals with the predominant mechanism of action being targeting of cell wall or cell membrane. As in other drugs, low solubility of these compounds has led to low bioavailability in target tissues. Enhanced drug dosages have effects such as toxicity, drug-drug interactions, and increased drug resistance by fungi. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art of antifungals, structure, mechanism of action, other usages, and toxic side effects. The emergence of nanoformulations to transport and uniformly release cargo at the target site is a boon in antifungal treatment. The article details research that lead to the development of nanoformulations of antifungals and potential advantages and avoidance of the lacunae characterizing conventional drugs. A range of nanoformulations based on liposomes, polymers are in various stages of research and their potential advantages have been brought out. It could be observed that under similar dosages, test models, and duration, nanoformulations provided enhanced activity, reduced toxicity, higher uptake and higher immunostimulatory effects. In most instances, the mechanism of antifungal activity of nanoformulations was similar to that of regular antifungal. There are possibilities of coupling multiple antifungals on the same nano-platform. Increased activity coupled with multiple mechanisms of action presents for nanoformulations a tremendous opportunity to overcome antifungal resistance. In the years to come, robust methods for the preparation of nanoformulations taking into account the repeatability and reproducibility in action, furthering the studies on nanoformulation toxicity and studies of human models are required before extensive use of nanoformulations as a prescribed drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswathi Nagaraj
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sivakami Manivannan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shoba Narayan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Kammona O, Tsanaktsidou E. Nanotechnology-aided diagnosis, treatment and prevention of leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120761. [PMID: 34081999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a prevalent parasitic infection belonging to neglected tropical diseases. It is caused by Leishmania protozoan parasites transmitted by sandflies and it is responsible for increased morbidity/mortality especially in low- and middle-income countries. The lack of cheap, portable, easy to use diagnostic tools exhibiting high efficiency and specificity impede the early diagnosis of the disease. Furthermore, the typical anti-leishmanial agents are cytotoxic, characterized by low patient compliance and require long-term regimen and usually hospitalization. In addition, due to the intracellular nature of the disease, the existing treatments exhibit low bioavailability resulting in low therapeutic efficacy. The above, combined with the common development of resistance against the anti-leishmanial agents, denote the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, the lack of effective prophylactic vaccines hinders the control of the disease. The development of nanoparticle-based biosensors and nanocarrier-aided treatment and vaccination strategies could advance the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of leishmaniasis. The present review intends to highlight the various nanotechnology-based approaches pursued until now to improve the detection of Leishmania species in biological samples, decrease the side effects and increase the efficacy of anti-leishmanial drugs, and induce enhanced immune responses, specifically focusing on the outcome of their preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kammona
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Evgenia Tsanaktsidou
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Angarita-Villamizar AV, Arias ER, Diaz IL, Perez LD. Amphiphilic copolymers modified with oleic acid and cholesterol by combining ring opening polymerization and click chemistry with improved amphotericin B loading capacity. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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