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Eltabeeb MA, Abdellatif MM, El-Nabarawi MA, Teaima MH, A Hamed MI, Darwish KM, Hassan M, Hamdan AME, Hamed RR. Chitosan decorated oleosomes loaded propranolol hydrochloride hydrogel repurposed for Candida albicans-vaginal infection. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:1369-1388. [PMID: 38900630 PMCID: PMC11318686 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2024.2359364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Our investigation aims to estimate the antifungal effect of propranolol hydrochloride (PNL). Methods: Oleosomes (OLs) were fabricated by thin-film hydration and evaluated for entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and amount of drug released after 6 h Q6h (%). Results: The optimal OL showed a rounded shape with optimum characteristics. The ex-vivo permeation and confocal laser scanning microscopy verified the prolonged release and well deposition of PNL-loaded OLs-gel. The in-silico assessment demonstrated the good stability of PNL with OLs' ingredients. In vivo evaluations for PNL-loaded OLs-gel showed a good antifungal impact against Candida albicans with good safety. Conclusion: This work highlights the potential of PNL-loaded OLs-gel as a potential treatment for candida vaginal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaz A Eltabeeb
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science & Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Menna M Abdellatif
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science & Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohammed I A Hamed
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Darwish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, 43511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed ME Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 74191, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghda Rabe Hamed
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science & Technology, Giza, Egypt
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Ho HMK, Day RM, Craig DQM. An Investigation into the Effects of Processing Factors on the Properties and Scaling-Up Potential of Propranolol-Loaded Chitosan Nanogels. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:662. [PMID: 38794324 PMCID: PMC11125439 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan-triphosphate (TPP) nanogels are widely studied drug delivery carrier systems, typically prepared via a simple mixing process. However, the effects of the processing factors on nanogel production have not been extensively explored, despite the importance of understanding and standardising such factors to allow upscaling and commercial usage. This study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of various fabrication and processing factors on the properties of nanogels using a Design of Experiment approach. Hydrodynamic size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency were determined as the dependent factors. The temperature, stirring rate, chitosan grade, crosslinker choice, and the interaction term between temperature and chitosan grade were found to have a significant effect on the particle size, whereas the effect of temperature and the addition rate of crosslinker on the PDI was also noteworthy. Moreover, the addition rate of the crosslinker and the volume of the reaction vessel were found to impact the encapsulation efficiency. The zeta potential of the nanogels was found to be governed by the chitosan grade. The optimal fabrication conditions for the development of medium molecular weight chitosan and TPP nanogels included the following: the addition rate for TPP solution was set at 2 mL/min, while the solution was then stirred at a temperature of 50 °C and a stirring speed of 600 rpm. The volume of the glass vial used was 28 mL, while the stirrer size was 20 mm. The second aim of the study was to evaluate the potential for scaling up the nanogels. Size and PDI were found to increase from 128 nm to 151 nm and from 0.232 to 0.267, respectively, when the volume of the reaction mixture was increased from 4 to 20 mL and other processing factors were kept unchanged. These results indicate that caution is required when scaling up as the nanogel properties may be significantly altered with an increasing production scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei Ming Kenneth Ho
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Centre for Precision Healthcare, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Richard M. Day
- Centre for Precision Healthcare, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Duncan Q. M. Craig
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Faculty of Science, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Chitosan/Albumin Coating Factorial Optimization of Alginate/Dextran Sulfate Cores for Oral Delivery of Insulin. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030179. [PMID: 36976228 PMCID: PMC10057083 DOI: 10.3390/md21030179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of nanoparticle formulations composed of biopolymers, that govern the physicochemical properties of orally delivered insulin, relies on improving insulin stability and absorption through the intestinal mucosa while protecting it from harsh conditions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Chitosan/polyethylene glycol (PEG) and albumin coating of alginate/dextran sulfate hydrogel cores are presented as a multilayer complex protecting insulin within the nanoparticle. This study aims to optimize a nanoparticle formulation by assessing the relationship between design parameters and experimental data using response surface methodology through a 3-factor 3-level optimization Box–Behnken design. While the selected independent variables were the concentrations of PEG, chitosan and albumin, the dependent variables were particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and insulin release. Experimental results showed a nanoparticle size ranging from 313 to 585 nm, with PDI from 0.17 to 0.39 and zeta potential ranging from −29 to −44 mV. Insulin bioactivity was maintained in simulated GI media with over 45% cumulative release after 180 min in a simulated intestinal medium. Based on the experimental responses and according to the criteria of desirability on the experimental region’s constraints, solutions of 0.03% PEG, 0.047% chitosan and 1.20% albumin provide an optimum nanoparticle formulation for insulin oral delivery.
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Teaima MH, El-Nadi MT, Hamed RR, El-Nabarawi MA, Abdelmonem R. Lyophilized Nasal Inserts of Atomoxetine HCl Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Brain Targeting as a Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Pharmacokinetics Study on Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:326. [PMID: 37259468 PMCID: PMC9958713 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the ability of lyophilized nasal inserts of nanosized atomoxetine HCl solid lipid nanoparticles (ATM-SLNs) to transport atomoxetine (ATM) directly to the brain and overcome the first-pass metabolism. In this case, 16 formulae of (ATM-SLNs) were prepared using hot melt emulsification, stirring and ultrasonication method technique. A full factorial design was established with 24 trials by optimization of four variables; lipid type (Compritol 888 ATO or stearic acid) (X1), lipid to drug ratio [(1:2) or (2:1)] (X2), span 60: Pluronic f127 ratio [(1:3) or (3:1)] (X3) and probe sonication time (five or ten minutes) (X4). The prepared SLNs were characterized for entrapment efficiency (EE%), in-vitro drug release after 30 min (Q30min), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP) and polydispersity index (PDI). Design Expert® software was used to select the optimum two formulae. The morphological examination for the optimum two formulae was carried out using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Furthermore, eight lyophilized nasal inserts were prepared by using a 23 full factorial design by optimization of three variables: type of (ATM-SLNs) formula (X1), type of polymer (NOVEON AA1 or HPMC K100m) (X2) and concentration of polymer (X3). They were evaluated for nasal inserts' physicochemical properties. The two optimum inserts were selected by Design Expert® software. The two optimum insets with the highest desirability values were (S4 and S8). They were subjected to DSC thermal stability study and in-vivo study on rats. They were compared with atomoxetine oral solution, atomoxetine (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) and the pure atomoxetine solution loaded in lyophilized insert. (ATM-SLNs) showed EE% range of (41.14 mg ± 1.8% to 90.6 mg ± 2.8%), (Q30min%) of (27.11 ± 5.9% to 91.08 ± 0.15%), ZP of (-8.52 ± 0.75 to -28.4 ± 0.212% mV), PS of (320.9 ± 110.81% nm to 936.7 ± 229.6% nm) and PDI of (0.222 ± 0.132% to 0.658 ± 0.03%). Additionally, the two optimum (ATM-SLNs) formulae chosen, i.e., F7 and F9 showed spherical morphology. Nasal inserts had assay of drug content of (82.5 ± 2.5% to 103.94 ± 3.94%), Q15min% of (89.9 ± 6.4% to 100%) and Muco-adhesion strength of (3510.5 ± 140.21 to 9319.5 ± 39.425). DSC results of S4 and S8 showed compatibility of (ATM) with the other excipients. S8 and S4 also showed higher trans-nasal permeation to the brain with brain targeting efficiency of (211.3% and 177.42%, respectively) and drug transport percentages of (52.7% and 43.64%, respectively). To conclude, lyophilized nasal inserts of (ATM-SLNs) enhanced (ATM) trans-nasal drug targeting permeation and brain targeting efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H. Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Merhan Taha El-Nadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Giza P.O. Box 12511, Egypt
| | - Raghda Rabe Hamed
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo P.O. Box 12566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Rehab Abdelmonem
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo P.O. Box 12566, Egypt
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Abdelmonem R, Al-Samadi IEI, El Nashar RM, Jasti BR, El-Nabarawi MA. Fabrication of nanostructured lipid carriers ocugel for enhancing Loratadine used in treatment of COVID-19 related symptoms: statistical optimization, in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo studies evaluation. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2868-2882. [PMID: 36065090 PMCID: PMC9448409 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2115164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Loratadine (LORA), is a topical antihistamine utilized in the treatment of ocular symptoms of COVID-19. The study aimed to develop a Loratadine Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Ocugel (LORA-NLCs Ocugel), enhance its solubility, trans-corneal penetrability, and bioavailability. full-factorial design was established with 24 trials to investigate the impact of several variables upon NLCs properties. LORA-NLCs were fabricated by using hot melt emulsification combined with high-speed stirring and ultrasonication methods. All obtained formulae were assessed in terms of percent of entrapment efficiency (EE%), size of the particle (PS), zeta potential (ZP), as well as in-vitro release. Via using Design Expert® software the optimum formula was selected, characterized using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and stability studies. Gel-based of optimized LORA-NLCs was prepared using 4% HPMC k100m which was further evaluated in terms of physicochemical properties, Ex-vivo, and In-vivo studies. The optimized LORA-NLCs, comprising Compritol 888 ATO®, Labrasol®, and Span® 60 showed EE% of 95.78 ± 0.67%, PS of 156.11 ± 0.54 nm, ZP of -40.10 ± 0.55 Mv, and Qh6% of 99.67 ± 1.09%, respectively. Additionally, it illustrated a spherical morphology and compatibility of LORA with other excipients. Consequently, gel-based on optimized LORA-NLCs showed pH (7.11 ± 0.52), drug content (98.62%± 1.31%), viscosity 2736 cp, and Q12% (90.49 ± 1.32%). LORA-NLCs and LORA-NLCs Ocugel exhibited higher ex-vivo trans-corneal penetrability compared with the aqueous drug dispersion. Confocal laser scanning showed valuable penetration of fluoro-labeled optimized formula and LORA-NLCs Ocugel through corneal. The optimized formula was subjected to an ocular irritation test (Draize Test) that showed the absence of any signs of inflammation in rabbits, and histological analysis showed no effect or damage to rabbit eyeballs. Cmax and the AUC0-24 were higher in LORA-NLCs Ocugel compared with pure Lora dispersion-loaded gel The research findings confirmed that NLCs could enhance solubility, trans-corneal penetrability, and the bioavailability of LORA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Abdelmonem
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Inas Essam Ibrahim Al-Samadi
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha M El Nashar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bhaskara R Jasti
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Healthy Science-Pacific University, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed A El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Giza, Giza, Egypt
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Bezbaruah R, Chavda VP, Nongrang L, Alom S, Deka K, Kalita T, Ali F, Bhattacharjee B, Vora L. Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Systems for Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111946. [PMID: 36423041 PMCID: PMC9694785 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is still the most cost-effective way to combat infectious illnesses. Conventional vaccinations may have low immunogenicity and, in most situations, only provide partial protection. A new class of nanoparticle-based vaccinations has shown considerable promise in addressing the majority of the shortcomings of traditional and subunit vaccines. This is due to recent breakthroughs in chemical and biological engineering, which allow for the exact regulation of nanoparticle size, shape, functionality, and surface characteristics, resulting in improved antigen presentation and robust immunogenicity. A blend of physicochemical, immunological, and toxicological experiments can be used to accurately characterize nanovaccines. This narrative review will provide an overview of the current scenario of the nanovaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380008, Gujarat, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Lawandashisha Nongrang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Shahnaz Alom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science-Tezpur, Sonitpur 784501, Assam, India
| | - Kangkan Deka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, NETES Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Mirza, Guwahati 781125, Assam, India
| | - Tutumoni Kalita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Azara, Guwahati 781017, Assam, India
| | - Farak Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science-Tezpur, Sonitpur 784501, Assam, India
| | - Bedanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science-Tezpur, Sonitpur 784501, Assam, India
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Kenneth Ho HM, Sembi S, Abukhamees S, Day RM, Craig DQM. An analytical quality by design approach towards a simple and novel HPLC-UV method for quantification of the antifibrotic peptide N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114793. [PMID: 35750251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl proline (Ac-SDKP) is a tetrapeptide possessing anti-fibrotic, angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory properties. Currently, the main method to quantify the peptide is liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), both of which are labour intensive and require expensive equipment and consumables. Furthermore, these techniques are generally utilised to detect very low or trace concentrations, such as in biological samples. The use of high concentrations of analyte might overload the extraction column or the separation column in LC-MS/MS or the ELISA plates, so the response could be a non-linear relationship at high analyte concentrations. Thus, they are not ideal for formulation development where detection of dose-equivalent concentrations is typically required. Therefore, a cost-effective, simple, and accurate quantification method for the peptide at a higher concentration needs to be developed. In this study, a simple and novel HPLC-UV method is proposed and validated using an Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) approach. The method is first screened and optimised using chromatographic responses including capacity factor, resolution, tailing factor, and theoretical plate counts, fulfilling the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2 (R1) guidelines. The resultant optimised chromatography conditions utilised 10 mM phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 and acetonitrile as mobile phases, starting at 3% (v/v) acetonitrile and 97% (v/v) buffer and increasing to 9.7% (v/v) acetonitrile and 90.3% (v/v) buffer over 15 minutes at a flow rate of 1 mL/min at the column temperature of 25 °C. The injection volume is set at 10 μL and the VWD detector wavelength is 220 nm. The method established is suitable for detecting the peptide at a relatively high concentration, with a quantifiable range from 7.8 μg/mL to 2.0 mg/mL. In addition, the use of a relatively simple HPLC-UV approach could significantly reduce costs and allow easier access to quantify the peptide concentration. A limitation of this method is lower sensitivity compared with using LC-MS/MS and ELISA methods but running costs are lower and the methodology is simpler. The method is capable to quantify the peptide in various tested matrix solutions, with successful quantitation of the peptide in samples obtained from in vitro drug release study in PBS and from a chitosan-TPP nanogels formulation. Therefore, the method developed here offers a complementary approach to the existing quantification methods, quantifying this peptide at increased concentrations in simple to intermediately complex matrix solutions, such as HBSS, DMEM and FluoroBrite cell culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei Ming Kenneth Ho
- University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; Centre for Precision Healthcare, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Satinder Sembi
- University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Shorooq Abukhamees
- University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Richard M Day
- Centre for Precision Healthcare, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Duncan Q M Craig
- University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
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