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Lei Z, Tian Q, Teng Q, Wurpel JND, Zeng L, Pan Y, Chen Z. Understanding and targeting resistance mechanisms in cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e265. [PMID: 37229486 PMCID: PMC10203373 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer therapies has been a commonly observed phenomenon in clinical practice, which is one of the major causes of treatment failure and poor patient survival. The reduced responsiveness of cancer cells is a multifaceted phenomenon that can arise from genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental factors. Various mechanisms have been discovered and extensively studied, including drug inactivation, reduced intracellular drug accumulation by reduced uptake or increased efflux, drug target alteration, activation of compensatory pathways for cell survival, regulation of DNA repair and cell death, tumor plasticity, and the regulation from tumor microenvironments (TMEs). To overcome cancer resistance, a variety of strategies have been proposed, which are designed to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatment or reduce drug resistance. These include identifying biomarkers that can predict drug response and resistance, identifying new targets, developing new targeted drugs, combination therapies targeting multiple signaling pathways, and modulating the TME. The present article focuses on the different mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer and the corresponding tackling approaches with recent updates. Perspectives on polytherapy targeting multiple resistance mechanisms, novel nanoparticle delivery systems, and advanced drug design tools for overcoming resistance are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Ning Lei
- PrecisionMedicine CenterScientific Research CenterThe Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNew YorkUSA
| | - Qin Tian
- PrecisionMedicine CenterScientific Research CenterThe Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Qiu‐Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNew YorkUSA
| | - John N. D. Wurpel
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNew YorkUSA
| | - Leli Zeng
- PrecisionMedicine CenterScientific Research CenterThe Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Yihang Pan
- PrecisionMedicine CenterScientific Research CenterThe Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Zhe‐Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNew YorkUSA
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2
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Yin F, DeCiantis C, Pinkas J, Das B, Wang F, Zheng N, Hahn D, Amrite A, Feng J, Adhikari D, Kane C, Sikora J, Pittman J, Wates R, Shaheen E, Harriman S. Quantitation of total antibody (tAb) from antibody drug conjugate (ADC) PYX-201 in rat and monkey plasma using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and its application in preclinical studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 233:115452. [PMID: 37167766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PYX-201 is an investigative ADC oncology drug composed of a monoclonal human immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody targeting the extra domain B splice variant of fibronectin (EDB + FN) conjugated to an auristatin payload through a cleavable linker. Effective measurement of PYX-201 tAb is the key to ADC drug PYX-201 preclinical pharmacokinetics (PK) assessment. PYX-201 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was used as the reference standard, goat anti-human IgG polyclonal antibody (pAb) or rabbit anti-human Kappa light chain mAb was employed as the capture antibody, and mouse mAb or goat pAb anti-human IgG the crystallizable fragment (Fc) (horseradish peroxidase (HRP)) was utilized as the detection antibody in this ELISA. This assay was validated with a dynamic range 250 - 10,000 ng/mL and 250 - 6000 ng/mL in rat and monkey K2EDTA plasma, respectively. PYX-201 tAb bioanalytical ELISA assay was reported for the first time in any biological matrix. This is the first time for a bioanalytical method to be validated for a tAb from an ADC drug targeting EDB + FN in any biological matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yin
- Department of Nonclinical Research, Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Chris DeCiantis
- Department of Biopharma Services, KCAS Bioanalytical and Biomarker Services, 10830 South Clay Blair Boulevard, Olathe, KS 66061, USA
| | - Jan Pinkas
- Department of Nonclinical Research, Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Biplab Das
- Department of Nonclinical Research, Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Frank Wang
- Department of Nonclinical Research, Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nancy Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amador Bioscience, Inc., 4695 Chabot Drive, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - David Hahn
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amador Bioscience, Inc., 4695 Chabot Drive, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Aniruddha Amrite
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jianwen Feng
- Department of Nonclinical Research, Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Diana Adhikari
- Department of Nonclinical Research, Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Cheikh Kane
- Department of Biopharma Services, KCAS Bioanalytical and Biomarker Services, 10830 South Clay Blair Boulevard, Olathe, KS 66061, USA
| | - Jack Sikora
- Department of Project Management, Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Justin Pittman
- Department of Biopharma Services, KCAS Bioanalytical and Biomarker Services, 10830 South Clay Blair Boulevard, Olathe, KS 66061, USA
| | - Rebecca Wates
- Department of Biopharma Services, KCAS Bioanalytical and Biomarker Services, 10830 South Clay Blair Boulevard, Olathe, KS 66061, USA
| | - Elizabeth Shaheen
- Department of Project Management, Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shawn Harriman
- Department of Nonclinical Research, Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Yin F, Adhikari D, Sun M, Shane Woolf M, Ma E, Mylott W, Shaheen E, Harriman S, Pinkas J. Bioanalysis of an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) PYX-201 in human plasma using a hybrid immunoaffinity LC-MS/MS approach. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1223:123715. [PMID: 37094503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PYX-201 is an anti-extra domain B splice variant of fibronectin (EDB + FN) antibody drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a fully human IgG1 antibody, a cleavable mcValCitPABC linker, and four Auristatin 0101 (Aur0101, PF-06380101) payload molecules. To better understand the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of PYX-201 after it is administered to cancer patients, the development of a reliable bioanalytical assay to accurately and precisely quantitate PYX-201 in human plasma is required. In this manuscript, we present a hybrid immunoaffinity LC-MS/MS assay used to successfully analyze PYX-201 in human plasma. PYX-201 was enriched by MABSelect beads coated with protein A in human plasma samples. The bound proteins were subjected to "on-bead" proteolysis with papain to release the payload Aur0101. The stable isotope labelled internal standard (SIL-IS) Aur0101-d8 was added and the released Aur0101 was quantified as a surrogate for the total ADC concentration. The separation was performed on a UPLC C18 column coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The LC-MS/MS assay was validated over the range 0.0250 to 25.0 µg/mL with excellent accuracy and precision. The overall accuracy (%RE) was between -3.8% and -0.1% and the inter-assay precision (%CV) was <5.8%. PYX-201 was found to be stable in human plasma for at least 24 h on ice, 15 days after being stored at -80 °C, as well as after five freeze/thaw cycles of being frozen at -25 °C or -80 °C and thawed on ice. The assay this paper reports on, has been successfully applied to human sample analysis to support clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yin
- Department of Nonclinical Research, Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Diana Adhikari
- Department of Nonclinical Research, Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Minghao Sun
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services, 8700 Quioccasin Road, Henrico, VA 23229, USA
| | - M Shane Woolf
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services, 8700 Quioccasin Road, Henrico, VA 23229, USA
| | - Eric Ma
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services, 8700 Quioccasin Road, Henrico, VA 23229, USA
| | - William Mylott
- Chromatographic Services - Research & Development, Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratory Services, 8700 Quioccasin Road, Henrico, VA 23229, USA
| | - Elizabeth Shaheen
- Department of Project Management, Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shawn Harriman
- Department of Nonclinical Research, Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Jan Pinkas
- Department of Nonclinical Research, Pyxis Oncology, Inc., 321 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Quantification of antibody-drug conjugate PYX-201 in rat and monkey plasma via ELISA and its application in preclinical studies. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:43-52. [PMID: 36876967 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: PYX-201 is a novel antibody-drug conjugate targeting the extra domain B splice variant of fibronectin in the tumor microenvironment. Accurate quantification of PYX-201 is critical for PYX-201 pharmacokinetics profiling in preclinical studies. Materials & methods: ELISA was performed using reference standard PYX-201, mouse monoclonal anti-monomethyl auristatin E antibody, mouse IgG1, mouse monoclonal anti-human IgG horseradish peroxidase and donkey anti-human IgG horseradish peroxidase. Results: This assay was validated at 50.0-10,000 ng/ml in rat dipotassium EDTA plasma and 250-10,000 ng/ml in monkey dipotassium EDTA plasma. Conclusion: This is the first time for a PYX-201 bioanalytical assay in any matrix to be reported.
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5
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Teicher BA, Morris J. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targets, Drugs and Linkers. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:463-529. [PMID: 35209819 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220224110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates offer the possibility of directing powerful cytotoxic agents to a malignant tumor while sparing normal tissue. The challenge is to select an antibody target expressed exclusively or at highly elevated levels on the surface of tumor cells and either not all or at low levels on normal cells. The current review explores 78 targets that have been explored as antibody-drug conjugate targets. Some of these targets have been abandoned, 9 or more are the targets of FDA-approved drugs, and most remain active clinical interest. Antibody-drug conjugates require potent cytotoxic drug payloads, several of these small molecules are discussed, as are the linkers between the protein component and small molecule components of the conjugates. Finally, conclusions regarding the elements for the successful antibody-drug conjugate are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
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6
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Li L, Wang C, Wu Y, Dong L, Chen F, Dong K, Song H. Simple and Rapid LC-MS/MS Methods for Quantifying Catabolites of Antibody-Drug Conjugates with SMCC Linker. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:642-649. [PMID: 33420505 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The stability and exposure of toxin-related catabolites in system circulation contributes to the evaluation of the stability, targeted delivery and off-target toxicity for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) at different stages during drug development. In this study, simple and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for determination catabolites of Mertansine (DM1), MCC-DM1 and Lys-MCC-DM1 in cynomolgus serum have been developed. The serum samples are processed by protein precipitation. The LC-MS/MS methods are applied on a Phenomenex C8 column (50 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution with water-formic acid 0.1% (A) and acetonitrile-formic acid 0.1% (B) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The analytical run time is only 4.0 min and the calibration ranges of the standard curve are 0.500-200 ng/mL for DM1, 1.00-500 ng/mL for MCC-DM1 and 2.00-1000 ng/mL for Lys-MCC-DM1. Intra- and inter-day precision of low, middle and high quality controls was <15%, and accuracy was 99.2-110.9%. The methods were successfully applied to evaluate three catabolites of novel ADCs with N-succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate linker in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
- Beijing United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chanrui Wang
- Beijing United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yijue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lihou Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Beijing United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kelly Dong
- Beijing United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
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7
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Sheng Q, D'Alessio JA, Menezes DL, Karim C, Tang Y, Tam A, Clark S, Ying C, Connor A, Mansfield KG, Rondeau JM, Ghoddusi M, Geyer FC, Gu J, McLaughlin ME, Newcombe R, Elliot G, Tschantz WR, Lehmann S, Fanton CP, Miller K, Huber T, Rendahl KG, Jeffry U, Pryer NK, Lees E, Kwon P, Abraham JA, Damiano JS, Abrams TJ. PCA062, a P-cadherin Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate, Displays Potent Antitumor Activity Against P-cadherin-expressing Malignancies. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1270-1282. [PMID: 33879555 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cell surface glycoprotein P-cadherin is highly expressed in a number of malignancies, including those arising in the epithelium of the bladder, breast, esophagus, lung, and upper aerodigestive system. PCA062 is a P-cadherin specific antibody-drug conjugate that utilizes the clinically validated SMCC-DM1 linker payload to mediate potent cytotoxicity in cell lines expressing high levels of P-cadherin in vitro, while displaying no specific activity in P-cadherin-negative cell lines. High cell surface P-cadherin is necessary, but not sufficient, to mediate PCA062 cytotoxicity. In vivo, PCA062 demonstrated high serum stability and a potent ability to induce mitotic arrest. In addition, PCA062 was efficacious in clinically relevant models of P-cadherin-expressing cancers, including breast, esophageal, and head and neck. Preclinical non-human primate toxicology studies demonstrated a favorable safety profile that supports clinical development. Genome-wide CRISPR screens reveal that expression of the multidrug-resistant gene ABCC1 and the lysosomal transporter SLC46A3 differentially impact tumor cell sensitivity to PCA062. The preclinical data presented here suggest that PCA062 may have clinical value for treating patients with multiple cancer types including basal-like breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sheng
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Daniel L Menezes
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Karim
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Tang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Angela Tam
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanna Clark
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Chi Ying
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Anu Connor
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Keith G Mansfield
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Majid Ghoddusi
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Felipe C Geyer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jane Gu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Rick Newcombe
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - GiNell Elliot
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sylvie Lehmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christie P Fanton
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kathy Miller
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Huber
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ursula Jeffry
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy K Pryer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Emma Lees
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Kwon
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Judith A Abraham
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jason S Damiano
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tinya J Abrams
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Bourbon E, Salles G. Polatuzumab vedotin: an investigational anti-CD79b antibody drug conjugate for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1079-1088. [PMID: 32700972 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1800638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New agents for managing B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are needed, particularly for high-risk and relapsed or refractory patients. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) provide targeted drug delivery to tumors with a broaden therapeutic index of cytotoxic agent, reducing their systemic toxicity while increasing intracellular concentrations. Polatuzumab vedotin, an anti-CD79b conjugated to the microtubule inhibitor monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) raises particular interest. AREAS COVERED We discuss here polatuzumab vedotin development, challenges of designing a successful ADC, preclinical studies and recent trials, leading to FDA approval and the ongoing phase III POLARIX trial. EXPERT OPINION Clinical data from early studies hold promises for polatuzumab vedotin in association with rituximab-bendamustine in relapsed or refractory (R/R) DLBCL and other combinations are investigated in this setting. In first line, with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone (R-CHP), promising results lead to develop the phase III POLARIX trial that may represent a new advance for untreated patients. If dosing and scheduling are adequately managed to avoid peripheral neuropathy risk, polatuzumab vedotin might become a key component of DLBCL therapeutic management. This antibody drug conjugate also offers new opportunities of combination with non-cytotoxic agents or immunological interventions that might reshape the treatment of DLBCL in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Bourbon
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-SudBernard, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Lyon-Sud, Department Of Hematology, Pierre-Bénite France And Université De Lyon, Université Claude , Oullins, France
| | - Gilles Salles
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-SudBernard, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Lyon-Sud, Department Of Hematology, Pierre-Bénite France And Université De Lyon, Université Claude , Oullins, France
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Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (OPA)-based chemoselective protein bioconjugation and peptide cyclization. Methods Enzymol 2020; 639:237-261. [PMID: 32475404 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (OPA)-amine reaction and OPA-amine-thiol reaction have been developed to effectively modify native peptides and proteins under the physiological conditions. First, OPA and its derivatives can rapidly and smoothly react with primary amine moieties in peptides and proteins to achieve native protein biconjugations. Furthermore, OPA-alkyne bifunctional linkers can be used for proteome profiling. Second, OPA-amine-thiol three-component reaction has been developed for chemoselective peptide cyclization, directly on unprotected peptides in the aqueous buffer. Moreover, this OPA-guided cyclic peptide can be further modified with the N-maleimide moiety in one pot to introduce additional functionalities. The development of this OPA based chemoselective bioconjugation and peptide cyclization extends the toolbox for protein chemical modification and construction of cyclic peptides.
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10
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Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Liu H, Chow HY, Tian R, Eva Fung YM, Li X. OPA-Based Bifunctional Linker for Protein Labeling and Profiling. Biochemistry 2020; 59:175-178. [PMID: 31657212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysine residues have been considered as a routine conjugating site for protein chemical labeling and modification. The commercially available lysine-labeling agents have several limitations in labeling efficiency, stability, and cost. To pursue alternative protein lysine-labeling strategies, herein, we report the development of an ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA)-based bifunctional linker suitable for protein chemical labeling and profiling. Among three designed OPA-based bifunctional linkers, OPA-NH-alkyne 5 was proved to be optimal for protein labeling with minimal protein turbidity. We further demonstrated OPA-NH-alkyne 5 was applicable for immediate capture of protein or proteome chemical labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China, SAR
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China, SAR
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China, SAR
| | - Hoi Yee Chow
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China, SAR
| | - Ruijun Tian
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Man Eva Fung
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China, SAR
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China, SAR
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11
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Singh R, Reid EE, Harris L, Salomon PL, Miller ML, Chari RVJ, Keating TA. Antibody-Drug Conjugates with Indolinobenzodiazepine Dimer Payloads: DNA-Binding Mechanism of Indolinobenzodiazepine Dimer Catabolites in Target Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2019; 17:50-58. [PMID: 31742408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA-targeting indolinobenzodiazepine dimer (IGN) payloads are used in several clinical-stage antibody-drug conjugates. IGN drugs alkylate DNA through the single imine moiety present in the dimer in contrast to the pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer drugs, such as talirine and tesirine, which contain two imine moieties per dimer and cross-link DNA. This study explored the mechanism of binding of IGN to DNA in cells and to synthetic duplex and hairpin oligonucleotides. New, highly sensitive IGN-DNA binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods were developed using biotinylated IGN analogues (monoimine, diimine, and diamine IGNs) and digoxigenin-labeled duplex oligonucleotides, which allowed the measurement of drug-DNA adducts in viable cells at concentrations below IC50. Furthermore, the release of free drug from the IGN-DNA adduct upon treatment with nuclease ex vivo was tested under physiological conditions. The monoimine IGN drug formed a highly stable adduct with DNA in cells, with stability similar to that of the diimine drug analogue. Both monoimine and diimine IGN-DNA adducts released free drugs upon DNA cleavage by nuclease at 37 °C, although more free drug was released from the monoimine compared to the diimine adduct, which presumably was partly cross-linked. The strong binding of the monoimine IGN drug to duplex DNA results from both the noncovalent IGN-DNA interaction and the covalent bond formation between the 2-amino group of a guanine residue and the imine moiety in IGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeeva Singh
- ImmunoGen, Inc. , 830 Winter Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Emily E Reid
- ImmunoGen, Inc. , 830 Winter Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Luke Harris
- ImmunoGen, Inc. , 830 Winter Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Paulin L Salomon
- ImmunoGen, Inc. , 830 Winter Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Michael L Miller
- ImmunoGen, Inc. , 830 Winter Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Ravi V J Chari
- ImmunoGen, Inc. , 830 Winter Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
| | - Thomas A Keating
- ImmunoGen, Inc. , 830 Winter Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02451 , United States
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12
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Kawahara B, Gao L, Cohn W, Whitelegge JP, Sen S, Janzen C, Mascharak PK. Diminished viability of human ovarian cancer cells by antigen-specific delivery of carbon monoxide with a family of photoactivatable antibody-photoCORM conjugates. Chem Sci 2019; 11:467-473. [PMID: 32190266 PMCID: PMC7067254 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies conjugated to a photoactive transition metal carbonyl complex afford antigen-directed delivery of cytotoxic carbon monoxide to ovarian cancer cells.
Carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing antibody conjugates were synthesized utilizing a photoactivatable CO-releasing molecule (photoCORM) and mouse monoclonal antibodies linked by a biotin-streptavidin system. Different monoclonal antibodies raised against different surface-expressed antigens that are implicated in ovarian cancer afforded a family of antibody-photoCORM conjugates (Ab-photoCORMs). In an immunosorbent/cell viability assay, Ab-photoCORMs accumulated onto ovarian cancer cells expressing the target antigens, delivering cytotoxic doses of CO in vitro. The results described here provide the first example of an “immunoCORM”, a proof-of-the-concept antibody-drug conjugate that delivers a gaseous molecule as a warhead to ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kawahara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA .
| | - Lucy Gao
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory , Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior , University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA
| | - Whitaker Cohn
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory , Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior , University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory , Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior , University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA
| | - Suvajit Sen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA
| | - Carla Janzen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA
| | - Pradip K Mascharak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , CA 95064 , USA .
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13
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Xu Z, Guo D, Jiang Z, Tong R, Jiang P, Bai L, Chen L, Zhu Y, Guo C, Shi J, Yu D. Novel HER2-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugates of Trastuzumab Beyond T-DM1 in Breast Cancer: Trastuzumab Deruxtecan(DS-8201a) and (Vic-)Trastuzumab Duocarmazine (SYD985). Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111682. [PMID: 31563805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery has improved cancer treatment significantly in recent years, although it is difficult to achieve. Different approaches have been developed to apply targeted drug delivery. Among which, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) provides a potentially ideal solution to such a challenge. ADC is an innovative drug treatment model with three key components: payload, monoclonal antibody, and linker. The monoclonal antibody targets the antigen-expressing tumor cells and internalizes the payload linked by the linker to the target cells to reduce the side effects of the traditional chemotherapy drugs. The off-target effect has an excellent therapeutic prospect. Among them, ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is a successful example of targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). Its antibody (trastuzumab) is derived from Herceptin with annual sales of more than $6 billion. It has excellent targeting and specific anti-tumor activity against HER2. Its linker is not cleavable and releases the Lys-linker-payload to kill the cells. The two ADCs described here use the same antibody as T-DM1, but the cleavable linker and the more toxic payload allow them to have the not only targeting of T-DM1, but also the reduce T-DM1 resistance and improve efficacy in heterogeneous tumors. This paper describes the mechanism of action and the biochemical characteristics of different parts and preclinical and clinical progress of trastuzumab deruxtecan(DS-8201a) and (vic-)trastuzumab duocarmazine (SYD985).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Peidu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Yoder NC, Bai C, Tavares D, Widdison WC, Whiteman KR, Wilhelm A, Wilhelm SD, McShea MA, Maloney EK, Ab O, Wang L, Jin S, Erickson HK, Keating TA, Lambert JM. A Case Study Comparing Heterogeneous Lysine- and Site-Specific Cysteine-Conjugated Maytansinoid Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) Illustrates the Benefits of Lysine Conjugation. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3926-3937. [PMID: 31287952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates are an emerging class of cancer therapeutics constructed from monoclonal antibodies conjugated with small molecule effectors. First-generation molecules of this class often employed heterogeneous conjugation chemistry, but many site-specifically conjugated ADCs have been described recently. Here, we undertake a systematic comparison of ADCs made with the same antibody and the same macrocyclic maytansinoid effector but conjugated either heterogeneously at lysine residues or site-specifically at cysteine residues. Characterization of these ADCs in vitro reveals generally similar properties, including a similar catabolite profile, a key element in making a meaningful comparison of conjugation chemistries. In a mouse model of cervical cancer, the lysine-conjugated ADC affords greater efficacy on a molar payload basis. Rather than making general conclusions about ADCs conjugated by a particular chemistry, we interpret these results as highlighting the complexity of ADCs and the interplay between payload class, linker chemistry, target antigen, and other variables that determine efficacy in a given setting.
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15
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Bai H, Yuan M, Wang X, Wang X, Che J. Development of a Gold Nanoparticle-Functionalized Surface Plasmon Resonance Assay for the Sensitive Detection of Monoclonal Antibodies and Its Application in Pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1361-1367. [PMID: 31324700 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.086249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a prominent human therapeutic, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have attracted increasing attention in the past decade due to their high-targeting specificity, low toxicity, and prolonged efficacy. Systematic pharmacokinetic analysis of mAbs not only largely facilitates the understanding of their biologic functions but also promotes the development of therapeutic drug discovery, early clinical trial implementation, and therapeutic monitoring. However, the extremely complex nature of biomatrices and the especially low dosages of mAbs make their detection in biomatrices and further pharmacokinetic analysis highly challenging. Therefore, a method capable of reliably, quickly, and sensitively quantifying mAbs in biomatrices is urgently needed. In this work, we developed and evaluated an gold nanoparticle-functionalized surface plasmon resonance assay for cetuximab (C225) detection and pharmacokinetic analysis in rhesus monkeys. Combining its advantages of label-free pretreatment and amplified signal response, the lower limit of quantitation of C225 in monkey serum was reduced to 0.0125 μg/ml, and the linear range had an order of magnitude comparable to that of an ELISA-based method. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of C225 in rhesus monkeys was studied after intravenous infusions of single doses at 7.5, 24, and 75 mg/kg. The concentration of C225 in monkey serum was detectable after dosing for 720 hours. We believe that this new strategy will be applicable as a general protocol for mAb quantification, pharmacokinetic characteristic determination, and toxicokinetic analysis during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Bai
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China (H.B., Xin.W.); State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, PR China (M.Y., J.C.); and Chinese Pharmaceutical Association, Beijing, PR China (Xia.W.)
| | - Mei Yuan
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China (H.B., Xin.W.); State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, PR China (M.Y., J.C.); and Chinese Pharmaceutical Association, Beijing, PR China (Xia.W.)
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China (H.B., Xin.W.); State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, PR China (M.Y., J.C.); and Chinese Pharmaceutical Association, Beijing, PR China (Xia.W.)
| | - Xinghe Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China (H.B., Xin.W.); State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, PR China (M.Y., J.C.); and Chinese Pharmaceutical Association, Beijing, PR China (Xia.W.)
| | - Jinjing Che
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China (H.B., Xin.W.); State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, PR China (M.Y., J.C.); and Chinese Pharmaceutical Association, Beijing, PR China (Xia.W.)
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16
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Thornlow DN, Cox EC, Walker JA, Sorkin M, Plesset JB, DeLisa MP, Alabi CA. Dual Site-Specific Antibody Conjugates for Sequential and Orthogonal Cargo Release. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1702-1710. [PMID: 31083974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates utilize the antigen specificity of antibodies and the potency of chemotherapeutic and antibiotic drugs for targeted therapy. However, as cancers and bacteria evolve to resist the action of drugs, innovative controlled release methods must be engineered to deliver multidrug cocktails. In this work, we engineer lipoate-acid ligase A (LplA) acceptor peptide (LAP) tags into the constant heavy and light chain of a humanized Her2 targeted antibody, trastuzumab. These engineered LAP tags, along with the glutamine 295 (Q295) residue in the heavy chain, were used to generate orthogonally cleavable site-specific antibody conjugates via a one-pot chemoenzymatic ligation with microbial transglutaminase (mTG) and LplA. We demonstrate orthogonal cargo release from these dual-labeled antibody bioconjugates via matrix metalloproteinase-2 and cathepsin-B-mediated bond cleavage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of temporal control on dual-labeled antibody conjugates, and we believe this platform will allow for sequential release and cooperative drug combinations on a single antibody bioconjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana N Thornlow
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Cornell University , 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Emily C Cox
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences , Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Joshua A Walker
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Cornell University , 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Michelle Sorkin
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Cornell University , 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Jacqueline B Plesset
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Cornell University , 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Christopher A Alabi
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Cornell University , 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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17
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Shankaraiah N, Nekkanti S, Ommi O, P.S. LS. Diverse Targeted Approaches to Battle Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:7059-7080. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180410110729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
:
The efficacy of successful cancer therapies is frequently hindered by the development of drug
resistance in the tumor. The term ‘drug resistance’ is used to illustrate the decreased effectiveness of a
drug in curing a disease or alleviating the symptoms of the patient. This phenomenon helps tumors to survive
the damage caused by a specific drug or group of drugs. In this context, studying the mechanisms of
drug resistance and applying this information to design customized treatment regimens can improve therapeutic
efficacy as well as the curative outcome. Over the years, numerous Multidrug Resistance (MDR)
mechanisms have been recognized and tremendous effort has been put into developing agents to address
them. The integration of data emerging from the elucidation of molecular and biochemical pathways and
specific tumor-associated factors has shown tremendous promise within the oncology community for improving
patient outcomes. In this review, we provide an overview of the utility of these molecular and biochemical
signaling processes as well as tumor-associated factors associated with MDR, for the rational
selection of cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Shalini Nekkanti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Ojaswitha Ommi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Lakshmi Soukya P.S.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
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18
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Xie H, Adjei AA. Antibody-Drug Conjugates for the Therapy of Thoracic Malignancies. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 14:358-376. [PMID: 30599202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a novel class of therapeutic agents incorporating both target-specific monoclonal antibodies and cytotoxic small molecules via a chemical linker. They were first introduced into the clinic for the treatment of advanced hematologic malignancies. The only approved ADC for solid tumors targets erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase (HER2), a validated antigen in breast cancer. Many ADCs are under active investigation for various types of solid tumors. In this article, we review the literature from several perspectives including the design, pharmacology, and mechanism-based toxicities of antibody-drug conjugates. We then discuss ADCs currently in clinical development for thoracic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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19
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Nussbaum O, Bar Oz M, Tilayov T, Atiya H, Dagan S. A signal amplification probe enhances sensitivity of antibodies and aptamers based Immuno-diagnostic assays. J Immunol Methods 2017; 448:85-90. [PMID: 28614699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One major unmet need is improving the sensitivity of immune-diagnostic assays. This is particularly important in the field of biomarker discoveries and monitoring. We have established a novel signal amplification probe system enabling a highly sensitive target detection platform to be used in immuno-assays. The probe consists of a double stranded DNA that can carry a large number of signaling elements such as biotin or fluorescent molecules. The DNA probe anchors to the recognition unit, whether an antibody or an aptamer, by covalent conjugation or by a simple and rapid molecular association process. Binding curves obtained by using the DNA amplification probe are dose dependent and linear over a wide range of antigen concentration. The optimal slopes are characterized by high signals and low background increasing the assay sensitivity and reducing the limit of detection by up to 10-fold compared to biotinylated antibodies commonly used in ELISA systems. When using aptamers in combination with the amplification probe for antigen recognition, the limit of detection is comparable to that obtained by biotinylated antibodies. Biotin labeled aptamers practically cannot be used for detection of low target levels. The DNA amplification probe system enables to expand the range of diagnostic assays including clinical samples and meet research needs.
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20
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Bialucha CU, Collins SD, Li X, Saxena P, Zhang X, Dürr C, Lafont B, Prieur P, Shim Y, Mosher R, Lee D, Ostrom L, Hu T, Bilic S, Rajlic IL, Capka V, Jiang W, Wagner JP, Elliott G, Veloso A, Piel JC, Flaherty MM, Mansfield KG, Meseck EK, Rubic-Schneider T, London AS, Tschantz WR, Kurz M, Nguyen D, Bourret A, Meyer MJ, Faris JE, Janatpour MJ, Chan VW, Yoder NC, Catcott KC, McShea MA, Sun X, Gao H, Williams J, Hofmann F, Engelman JA, Ettenberg SA, Sellers WR, Lees E. Discovery and Optimization of HKT288, a Cadherin-6-Targeting ADC for the Treatment of Ovarian and Renal Cancers. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:1030-1045. [PMID: 28526733 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite an improving therapeutic landscape, significant challenges remain in treating the majority of patients with advanced ovarian or renal cancer. We identified the cell-cell adhesion molecule cadherin-6 (CDH6) as a lineage gene having significant differential expression in ovarian and kidney cancers. HKT288 is an optimized CDH6-targeting DM4-based antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) developed for the treatment of these diseases. Our study provides mechanistic evidence supporting the importance of linker choice for optimal antitumor activity and highlights CDH6 as an antigen for biotherapeutic development. To more robustly predict patient benefit of targeting CDH6, we incorporate a population-based patient-derived xenograft (PDX) clinical trial (PCT) to capture the heterogeneity of response across an unselected cohort of 30 models-a novel preclinical approach in ADC development. HKT288 induces durable tumor regressions of ovarian and renal cancer models in vivo, including 40% of models on the PCT, and features a preclinical safety profile supportive of progression toward clinical evaluation.Significance: We identify CDH6 as a target for biotherapeutics development and demonstrate how an integrated pharmacology strategy that incorporates mechanistic pharmacodynamics and toxicology studies provides a rich dataset for optimizing the therapeutic format. We highlight how a population-based PDX clinical trial and retrospective biomarker analysis can provide correlates of activity and response to guide initial patient selection for first-in-human trials of HKT288. Cancer Discov; 7(9); 1030-45. ©2017 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 920.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl U Bialucha
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Scott D Collins
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xiao Li
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Parmita Saxena
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Xiamei Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Clemens Dürr
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Lafont
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierric Prieur
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yeonju Shim
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca Mosher
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David Lee
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lance Ostrom
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tiancen Hu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sanela Bilic
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Vladimir Capka
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Jiang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joel P Wagner
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - GiNell Elliott
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Artur Veloso
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica C Piel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Meghan M Flaherty
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Keith G Mansfield
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Emily K Meseck
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Tina Rubic-Schneider
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Campus Klybeckstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Markus Kurz
- Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Novartis Pharma, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron Bourret
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew J Meyer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jason E Faris
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mary J Janatpour
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Vivien W Chan
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui Gao
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Juliet Williams
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Francesco Hofmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Campus Klybeckstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Seth A Ettenberg
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - William R Sellers
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Emma Lees
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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21
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Beck A, Goetsch L, Dumontet C, Corvaïa N. Strategies and challenges for the next generation of antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:315-337. [PMID: 28303026 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1359] [Impact Index Per Article: 194.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one of the fastest growing classes of oncology therapeutics. After half a century of research, the approvals of brentuximab vedotin (in 2011) and trastuzumab emtansine (in 2013) have paved the way for ongoing clinical trials that are evaluating more than 60 further ADC candidates. The limited success of first-generation ADCs (developed in the early 2000s) informed strategies to bring second-generation ADCs to the market, which have higher levels of cytotoxic drug conjugation, lower levels of naked antibodies and more-stable linkers between the drug and the antibody. Furthermore, lessons learned during the past decade are now being used in the development of third-generation ADCs. In this Review, we discuss strategies to select the best target antigens as well as suitable cytotoxic drugs; the design of optimized linkers; the discovery of bioorthogonal conjugation chemistries; and toxicity issues. The selection and engineering of antibodies for site-specific drug conjugation, which will result in higher homogeneity and increased stability, as well as the quest for new conjugation chemistries and mechanisms of action, are priorities in ADC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Liliane Goetsch
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM, 1052/CNRS, 69000 Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Corvaïa
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint Julien en Genevois, France
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22
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LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of Lys-MCC-DM1, MCC-DM1 and DM1 as potential intracellular catabolites of the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 137:170-177. [PMID: 28131055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lysine-MCC-DM1, MCC-DM1 and DM1 are potential catabolites of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). A convenient liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to detect these catabolites simultaneously in in vitro investigations for the first time. Protein precipitation was utilized to prepare the samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (100×2.1mm, 2.6μm) with mobile-phase gradient elution. The calibration curves of each analyte ranging from 1 to 100nM showed good linearity (r2>0.995). The method was validated successfully and applied to the intracellular catabolism and regulation of T-DM1.
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23
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Maass KF, Kulkarni C, Betts AM, Wittrup KD. Determination of Cellular Processing Rates for a Trastuzumab-Maytansinoid Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Highlights Key Parameters for ADC Design. AAPS J 2016; 18:635-46. [PMID: 26912181 PMCID: PMC5256610 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising class of cancer therapeutics that combine the specificity of antibodies with the cytotoxic effects of payload drugs. A quantitative understanding of how ADCs are processed intracellularly can illustrate which processing steps most influence payload delivery, thus aiding the design of more effective ADCs. In this work, we develop a kinetic model for ADC cellular processing as well as generalizable methods based on flow cytometry and fluorescence imaging to parameterize this model. A number of key processing steps are included in the model: ADC binding to its target antigen, internalization via receptor-mediated endocytosis, proteolytic degradation of the ADC, efflux of the payload out of the cell, and payload binding to its intracellular target. The model was developed with a trastuzumab-maytansinoid ADC (TM-ADC) similar to trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1), which is used in the clinical treatment of HER2+ breast cancer. In three high-HER2-expressing cell lines (BT-474, NCI-N87, and SK-BR-3), we report for TM-ADC half-lives for internalization of 6-14 h, degradation of 18-25 h, and efflux rate of 44-73 h. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the internalization rate and efflux rate are key parameters for determining how much payload is delivered to a cell with TM-ADC. In addition, this model describing the cellular processing of ADCs can be incorporated into larger pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics models, as demonstrated in the associated companion paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie F Maass
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chethana Kulkarni
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alison M Betts
- Translational Research Group, Department of Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave. 76-261D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
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24
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Singh R, Setiady YY, Ponte J, Kovtun YV, Lai KC, Hong EE, Fishkin N, Dong L, Jones GE, Coccia JA, Lanieri L, Veale K, Costoplus JA, Skaletskaya A, Gabriel R, Salomon P, Wu R, Qiu Q, Erickson HK, Lambert JM, Chari RVJ, Widdison WC. A New Triglycyl Peptide Linker for Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) with Improved Targeted Killing of Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1311-20. [PMID: 27197308 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A triglycyl peptide linker (CX) was designed for use in antibody -: drug conjugates (ADC), aiming to provide efficient release and lysosomal efflux of cytotoxic catabolites within targeted cancer cells. ADCs comprising anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (anti-EpCAM) and anti-EGFR antibodies with maytansinoid payloads were prepared using CX or a noncleavable SMCC linker (CX and SMCC ADCs). The in vitro cytotoxic activities of CX and SMCC ADCs were similar for several cancer cell lines; however, the CX ADC was more active (5-100-fold lower IC50) than the SMCC ADC in other cell lines, including a multidrug-resistant line. Both CX and SMCC ADCs showed comparable MTDs and pharmacokinetics in CD-1 mice. In Calu-3 tumor xenografts, antitumor efficacy was observed with the anti-EpCAM CX ADC at a 5-fold lower dose than the corresponding SMCC ADC in vivo Similarly, the anti-EGFR CX ADC showed improved antitumor activity over the respective SMCC conjugate in HSC-2 and H1975 tumor models; however, both exhibited similar activity against FaDu xenografts. Mechanistically, in contrast with the charged lysine-linked catabolite of SMCC ADC, a significant fraction of the carboxylic acid catabolite of CX ADC could be uncharged in the acidic lysosomes, and thus diffuse out readily into the cytosol. Upon release from tumor cells, CX catabolites are charged at extracellular pH and do not penetrate and kill neighboring cells, similar to the SMCC catabolite. Overall, these data suggest that CX represents a promising linker option for the development of ADCs with improved therapeutic properties. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1311-20. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ling Dong
- ImmunoGen, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rui Wu
- ImmunoGen, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts
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25
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Beck A, Terral G, Debaene F, Wagner-Rousset E, Marcoux J, Janin-Bussat MC, Colas O, Van Dorsselaer A, Cianférani S. Cutting-edge mass spectrometry methods for the multi-level structural characterization of antibody-drug conjugates. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:157-83. [PMID: 26653789 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1132167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are highly cytotoxic drugs covalently attached via conditionally stable linkers to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and are among the most promising next-generation empowered biologics for cancer treatment. ADCs are more complex than naked mAbs, as the heterogeneity of the conjugates adds to the inherent microvariability of the biomolecules. The development and optimization of ADCs rely on improving their analytical and bioanalytical characterization by assessing several critical quality attributes, namely the distribution and position of the drug, the amount of naked antibody, the average drug to antibody ratio, and the residual drug-linker and related product proportions. Here brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) and trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla), the first and gold-standard hinge-cysteine and lysine drug conjugates, respectively, were chosen to develop new mass spectrometry (MS) methods and to improve multiple-level structural assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Guillaume Terral
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - François Debaene
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Julien Marcoux
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | | | - Olivier Colas
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
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26
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Widdison WC, Ponte JF, Coccia JA, Lanieri L, Setiady Y, Dong L, Skaletskaya A, Hong EE, Wu R, Qiu Q, Singh R, Salomon P, Fishkin N, Harris L, Maloney EK, Kovtun Y, Veale K, Wilhelm SD, Audette CA, Costoplus JA, Chari RVJ. Development of Anilino-Maytansinoid ADCs that Efficiently Release Cytotoxic Metabolites in Cancer Cells and Induce High Levels of Bystander Killing. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2261-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose F. Ponte
- ImmunoGen Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Leanne Lanieri
- ImmunoGen Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Yulius Setiady
- ImmunoGen Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Ling Dong
- ImmunoGen Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - E. Erica Hong
- ImmunoGen Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Rui Wu
- ImmunoGen Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Qifeng Qiu
- ImmunoGen Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Rajeeva Singh
- ImmunoGen Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Paulin Salomon
- ImmunoGen Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Nathan Fishkin
- ImmunoGen Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Luke Harris
- ImmunoGen Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | - Yelena Kovtun
- ImmunoGen Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Karen Veale
- ImmunoGen Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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