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Yu CP, Lin SW, Tsai JC, Shyong YJ. Long acting tariquidar loaded stearic acid-modified hydroxyapatite enhances brain penetration and antitumor effect of temozolomide. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114231. [PMID: 38382724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first line chemotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, but the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expressed in blood-brain barrier (BBB) will pump out TMZ from the brain leading to decreased TMZ concentration. Tariquidar (TQD), a selective and potent P-gp inhibitor, may be suitable for combination therapy to increase concentration of TMZ in brain. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a biodegradable material with sustained release characteristics, and stearic acid surface-modified HAP (SA-HAP) can increase hydrophobicity to facilitate TQD loading. TQD-loaded stearic acid surface-modified HAP (SA-HAP-TQD) was prepared with optimal size and high TQD loading efficiency, and in vitro release and cellular uptake of SA-HAP-TQD showed that SA-HAP-TQD were taken up into lysosome and continuously released TQD from macrophages. In vivo studies have found that over 70 % of SA-HAP was degraded and 80 % of TQD was released from SA-HAP-TQD 28 days after administration. SA-HAP-TQD could increase brain penetration of TMZ, but it would not enhance adverse effects of TMZ in healthy mice. SA-HAP-TQD and TMZ combination had longer median survival than TMZ single therapy in GL261 orthotopic model. These results suggest that SA-HAP-TQD has sustained release characteristics and are potential for improving antitumor effect with TMZ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ping Yu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Wen Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Chen Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
| | - Yan-Jye Shyong
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
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2
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Hernández-Lozano I, Leterrier S, Mairinger S, Stanek J, Zacher AS, Breyer L, Hacker M, Zeitlinger M, Pahnke J, Tournier N, Wanek T, Langer O. Performance and Sensitivity of [ 99mTc]Tc-sestamibi Compared with Positron Emission Tomography Radiotracers to Measure P-glycoprotein Function in the Kidneys and Liver. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:932-943. [PMID: 38225758 PMCID: PMC10848257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp, encoded in humans by the ABCB1 gene and in rodents by the Abcb1a/b genes) is a membrane transporter that can restrict the intestinal absorption and tissue distribution of many drugs and may also contribute to renal and hepatobiliary drug excretion. The aim of this study was to compare the performance and sensitivity of currently available radiolabeled P-gp substrates for positron emission tomography (PET) with the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracer [99mTc]Tc-sestamibi for measuring the P-gp function in the kidneys and liver. Wild-type, heterozygous (Abcb1a/b(+/-)), and homozygous (Abcb1a/b(-/-)) Abcb1a/b knockout mice were used as models of different P-gp abundance in excretory organs. Animals underwent either dynamic PET scans after intravenous injection of [11C]N-desmethyl-loperamide, (R)-[11C]verapamil, or [11C]metoclopramide or consecutive static SPECT scans after intravenous injection of [99mTc]Tc-sestamibi. P-gp in the kidneys and liver of the mouse models was analyzed with immunofluorescence labeling and Western blotting. In the kidneys, Abcb1a/b() mice had intermediate P-gp abundance compared with wild-type and Abcb1a/b(-/-) mice. Among the four tested radiotracers, renal clearance of radioactivity (CLurine,kidney) was significantly reduced (-83%) in Abcb1a/b(-/-) mice only for [99mTc]Tc-sestamibi. Biliary clearance of radioactivity (CLbile,liver) was significantly reduced in Abcb1a/b(-/-) mice for [11C]N-desmethyl-loperamide (-47%), [11C]metoclopramide (-25%), and [99mTc]Tc-sestamibi (-79%). However, in Abcb1a/b(+/-) mice, CLbile,liver was significantly reduced (-47%) only for [99mTc]Tc-sestamibi. Among the tested radiotracers, [99mTc]Tc-sestamibi performed best in measuring the P-gp function in the kidneys and liver. Owing to its widespread clinical availability, [99mTc]Tc-sestamibi represents a promising probe substrate to assess systemic P-gp-mediated drug-drug interactions and to measure renal and hepatic P-gp function under different (patho-)physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Leterrier
- Laboratoire
d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BIOMAPS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm,
Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Severin Mairinger
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Stanek
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna S. Zacher
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lara Breyer
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department
of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Translational Neurodegeneration
Research and Neuropathology Lab, University
of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Lübeck
Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), Pahnke Lab, University of Lübeck and University Medical
Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Latvia, 1004 Ri̅ga, Latvia
- Department
of Neurobiology, The Georg S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Laboratoire
d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BIOMAPS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm,
Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Mairinger S, Leterrier S, Filip T, Löbsch M, Pahnke J, Hernández-Lozano I, Stanek J, Tournier N, Zeitlinger M, Hacker M, Langer O, Wanek T. [ 11C]metoclopramide is a sensitive radiotracer to measure moderate decreases in P-glycoprotein function at the blood-brain barrier. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:142-152. [PMID: 37728771 PMCID: PMC10905639 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231202336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) at the blood-brain barrier limits the cerebral uptake of various xenobiotics. To assess the sensitivity of [11C]metoclopramide to measure decreased cerebral P-gp function, we performed [11C]metoclopramide PET scans without (baseline) and with partial P-gp inhibition by tariquidar in wild-type, heterozygous Abcb1a/b(+/-) and homozygous Abcb1a/b(-/-) mice as models with controlled levels of cerebral P-gp expression. Brains were collected to quantify P-gp expression with immunohistochemistry. Brain uptake of [11C]metoclopramide was expressed as the area under the brain time-activity curve (AUCbrain) and compared with data previously obtained with (R)-[11C]verapamil and [11C]N-desmethyl-loperamide. Abcb1a/b(+/-) mice had intermediate P-gp expression compared to wild-type and Abcb1a/b(-/-) mice. In baseline scans, all three radiotracers were able to discriminate Abcb1a/b(-/-) from wild-type mice (2.5- to 4.6-fold increased AUCbrain, p ≤ 0.0001). However, only [11C]metoclopramide could discriminate Abcb1a/b(+/-) from wild-type mice (1.46-fold increased AUCbrain, p ≤ 0.001). After partial P-gp inhibition, differences in [11C]metoclopramide AUCbrain between Abcb1a/b(+/-) and wild-type mice (1.39-fold, p ≤ 0.001) remained comparable to baseline. There was a negative correlation between baseline [11C]metoclopramide AUCbrain and ex-vivo-measured P-gp immunofluorescence (r = -0.9875, p ≤ 0.0001). Our data suggest that [11C]metoclopramide is a sensitive radiotracer to measure moderate, but (patho-)physiologically relevant decreases in cerebral P-gp function without the need to co-administer a P-gp inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Mairinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Leterrier
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BIOMAPS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Thomas Filip
- Core Facility Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics & Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathilde Löbsch
- Core Facility Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Pathology, Section of Neuropathology Research, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
- Drug Development and Chemical Biology Lab, Lübeck Institute of Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Johann Stanek
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BIOMAPS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Goutal S, Novell A, Leterrier S, Breuil L, Selingue E, Gerstenmayer M, Marie S, Saubaméa B, Caillé F, Langer O, Truillet C, Larrat B, Tournier N. Imaging the impact of blood-brain barrier disruption induced by focused ultrasound on P-glycoprotein function. J Control Release 2023; 361:483-492. [PMID: 37562557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) is a major efflux transporter which impedes the brain delivery of many drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Focused ultrasound with microbubbles (FUS) enables BBB disruption, which immediate and delayed impact on P-gp function remains unclear. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using the radiolabeled substrate [11C]metoclopramide provides a sensitive and translational method to study P-gp function at the living BBB. A FUS protocol was devised in rats to induce a substantial and targeted disruption of the BBB in the left hemisphere. BBB disruption was confirmed by the Evan's Blue extravasation test or the minimally-invasive contrast-enhanced MRI. The expression of P-gp was measured 24 h or 48 h after FUS using immunostaining and fluorescence microscopy. The brain kinetics of [11C]metoclopramide was studied by PET at baseline, and both immediately or 24 h after FUS, with or without half-maximum P-gp inhibition (tariquidar 1 mg/kg). In each condition (n = 4-5 rats per group), brain exposure of [11C]metoclopramide was estimated as the area-under-the-curve (AUC) in regions corresponding to the sonicated volume in the left hemisphere, and the contralateral volume. Kinetic modeling was performed to estimate the uptake clearance ratio (R1) of [11C]metoclopramide in the sonicated volume relative to the contralateral volume. In the absence of FUS, half-maximum P-gp inhibition increased brain exposure (+135.0 ± 12.9%, p < 0.05) but did not impact R1 (p > 0.05). Immediately after FUS, BBB integrity was selectively disrupted in the left hemisphere without any detectable impact on the brain kinetics of [11C]metoclopramide compared with the baseline group (p > 0.05) or the contralateral volume (p > 0.05). 24 h after FUS, BBB integrity was fully restored while P-gp expression was maximally down-regulated (-45.0 ± 4.5%, p < 0.001) in the sonicated volume. This neither impacted AUC nor R1 in the FUS + 24 h group (p > 0.05). Only when P-gp was inhibited with tariquidar were the brain exposure (+130 ± 70%) and R1(+29.1 ± 15.4%) significantly increased in the FUS + 24 h/tariquidar group, relative to the baseline group (p < 0.001). We conclude that the brain kinetics of [11C]metoclopramide specifically depends on P-gp function rather than BBB integrity. Delayed FUS-induced down-regulation of P-gp function can be detected. Our results suggest that almost complete down-regulation is required to substantially enhance the brain delivery of P-gp substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Goutal
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Anthony Novell
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Sarah Leterrier
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Louise Breuil
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay, France; Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Erwan Selingue
- Neurospin, Institut Joliot, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Université Paris Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Matthieu Gerstenmayer
- Neurospin, Institut Joliot, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Université Paris Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Solène Marie
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Bruno Saubaméa
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charles Truillet
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Benoît Larrat
- Neurospin, Institut Joliot, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Université Paris Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay, France.
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Teodori E, Braconi L, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Dei S. The Tetrahydroisoquinoline Scaffold in ABC Transporter Inhibitors that Act as Multidrug Resistance (MDR) Reversers. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2535-2569. [PMID: 36284399 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221025111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failure of anticancer chemotherapy is often due to the development of resistance to a variety of anticancer drugs. This phenomenon is called multidrug resistance (MDR) and is related to the overexpression of ABC transporters, such as P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance- associated protein 1 and breast cancer resistance protein. Over the past few decades, several ABC protein modulators have been discovered and studied as a possible approach to evade MDR and increase the success of anticancer chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the co-administration of pump inhibitors with cytotoxic drugs, which are substrates of the transporters, does not appear to be associated with an improvement in the therapeutic efficacy of antitumor agents. However, more recently discovered MDR reversing agents, such as the two tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives tariquidar and elacridar, are characterized by high affinity towards the ABC proteins and by reduced negative properties. Consequently, many analogs of these two derivatives have been synthesized, with the aim of optimizing their MDR reversal properties. OBJECTIVE This review aims to describe the MDR modulators carrying the tetraidroisoquinoline scaffold reported in the literature in the period 2009-2021, highlighting the structural characteristics that confer potency and/or selectivity towards the three ABC transport proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Many compounds have been synthesized in the last twelve years showing interesting properties, both in terms of potency and selectivity. Although clear structure-activity relationships can be drawn only by considering strictly related compounds, some of the compounds reviewed could be promising starting points for the design of new ABC protein inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Impact of Cytochrome Induction or Inhibition on the Plasma and Brain Kinetics of [ 11C]metoclopramide, a PET Probe for P-Glycoprotein Function at the Blood-Brain Barrier. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122650. [PMID: 36559144 PMCID: PMC9785688 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
[11C]metoclopramide PET imaging provides a sensitive and translational tool to explore P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Patients with neurological diseases are often treated with cytochrome (CYP) modulators which may impact the plasma and brain kinetics of [11C]metoclopramide. The impact of the CYP inducer carbamazepine or the CYP inhibitor ritonavir on the brain and plasma kinetics of [11C]metoclopramide was investigated in rats. Data obtained in a control group were compared with groups that were either orally pretreated with carbamazepine (45 mg/kg twice a day for 7 days before PET) or ritonavir (20 mg/kg, 3 h before PET) (n = 4 per condition). Kinetic modelling was performed to estimate the brain penetration (VT) of [11C]metoclopramide. CYP induction or inhibition had negligible impact on the plasma kinetics and metabolism of [11C]metoclopramide. Moreover, carbamazepine neither impacted the brain kinetics nor VT of [11C]metoclopramide (p > 0.05). However, ritonavir significantly increased VT (p < 0.001), apparently behaving as an inhibitor of P-gp at the BBB. Our data suggest that treatment with potent CYP inducers such as carbamazepine does not bias the estimation of P-gp function at the BBB with [11C]metoclopramide PET. This supports further use of [11C]metoclopramide for studies in animals and patients treated with CYP inducers.
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Dose-response assessment of cerebral P-glycoprotein inhibition in vivo with [ 18F]MC225 and PET. J Control Release 2022; 347:500-507. [PMID: 35588934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Blood-Brain Barrier P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function can be altered in several neurodegenerative diseases and due to the administration of different drugs which may cause alterations in drug concentrations and consequently lead to a reduced effectiveness or increased side-effects. The novel PET radiotracer [18F]MC225 is a weak P-gp substrate that may show higher sensitivity to detect small changes in P-gp function than previously developed radiotracers. This study explores the sensitivity of [18F]MC225 to measure the dose-dependent effect of P-gp inhibitor tariquidar. Twenty-three rats were intravenously injected with different doses of tariquidar ranging from 0.75 to 12 mg/kg, 30-min before the dynamic [18F]MC225-PET acquisition with arterial sampling. Tissue and blood data were fitted to a 1-Tissue-Compartment-Model to obtain influx constant K1 and distribution volume VT, which allow the estimation of P-gp function. ANOVA and post-hoc analyses of K1 values showed significant differences between controls and groups with tariquidar doses >3 mg/kg; while applying VT the analyses showed significant differences between controls and groups with tariquidar doses >6 mg/kg. Dose-response curves were fitted using different models. The four-parameter logistic sigmoidal curve provided the best fit for K1 and VT data. Half-maximal inhibitory doses (ID50) were 2.23 mg/kg (95%CI: 1.669-2.783) and 2.93 mg/kg (95%CI: 1.135-3.651), calculated with K1 or VT values respectively. According to the dose-response fit, differences in [18F]MC225-K1 values could be detected at tariquidar doses ranging from 1.37 to 3.25 mg/kg. Our findings showed that small changes in the P-gp function, caused by low doses of tariquidar, could be detected by [18F]MC225-K1 values, which confirms the high sensitivity of the radiotracer. The results suggest that [18F]MC225 may allow the quantification of moderate P-gp impairments, which may allow the detection of P-gp dysfunctions at the early stages of a disease and potential transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions.
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High-Dose Acetaminophen Alters the Integrity of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Leads to Increased CNS Uptake of Codeine in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050949. [PMID: 35631535 PMCID: PMC9144323 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of acetaminophen (APAP) can induce neurological changes in human subjects; however, effects of APAP on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity are unknown. BBB changes by APAP can have profound consequences for brain delivery of co-administered drugs. To study APAP effects, female Sprague-Dawley rats (12-16 weeks old) were administered vehicle (i.e., 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or APAP (80 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg in DMSO, i.p.; equivalent to a 900 mg or 5600 mg daily dose for a 70 kg human subject). BBB permeability was measured via in situ brain perfusion using [14C]sucrose and [3H]codeine, an opioid analgesic drug that is co-administered with APAP (i.e., Tylenol #3). Localization and protein expression of tight junction proteins (i.e., claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1) were studied in rat brain microvessels using Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy, respectively. Paracellular [14C]sucrose "leak" and brain [3H]codeine accumulation were significantly enhanced in rats treated with 500 mg/kg APAP only. Additionally, claudin-5 localization and protein expression were altered in brain microvessels isolated from rats administered 500 mg/kg APAP. Our novel and translational data show that BBB integrity is altered following a single high APAP dose, results that are relevant to patients abusing or misusing APAP and/or APAP/opioid combination products.
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9
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Le Guennec L, Marois C, Demeret S, Wijdicks EFM, Weiss N. Toxic-metabolic encephalopathy in adults: Critical discussion and pragmatical diagnostic approach. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2022; 178:93-104. [PMID: 34996631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Toxic-metabolic encephalopathy (TME) results from an acute cerebral dysfunction due to different metabolic disturbances including medications or illicit-drugs. It can lead to altered consciousness, going from delirium to coma, which may require intensive care and invasive mechanical ventilation. Even if it is a life-threatening condition, TME might have an excellent prognosis if its etiology is rapidly identified and treated adequately. This review summarizes the main etiologies, their differential diagnosis, and diagnostic strategy and management of TME with a critical discussion on the definition of TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Le Guennec
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, département de neurologie, unité de Médecine Intensive Réanimation à orientation neurologique, Paris, France; Groupe de Recherche Clinique en REanimation et Soins intensifs du Patient en Insuffisance Respiratoire aiguE (GRC-RESPIRE) Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne, France
| | - C Marois
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, département de neurologie, unité de Médecine Intensive Réanimation à orientation neurologique, Paris, France
| | - S Demeret
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, département de neurologie, unité de Médecine Intensive Réanimation à orientation neurologique, Paris, France
| | - E F M Wijdicks
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurology, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - N Weiss
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique en REanimation et Soins intensifs du Patient en Insuffisance Respiratoire aiguE (GRC-RESPIRE) Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne, France; Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, département de neurologie, unité de Médecine Intensive Réanimation à orientation neurologique, Paris, France; Brain Liver Pitié-Salpêtrière (BLIPS) Study Group, INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, Maladies métaboliques, biliaires et fibro-inflammatoire du foie, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France.
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10
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Breuil L, Marie S, Goutal S, Auvity S, Truillet C, Saba W, Langer O, Caillé F, Tournier N. Comparative vulnerability of PET radioligands to partial inhibition of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier: A criterion of choice? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:175-185. [PMID: 34496661 PMCID: PMC8721783 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211045444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Only partial deficiency/inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) function at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is likely to occur in pathophysiological situations or drug-drug interactions. This raises questions regarding the sensitivity of available PET imaging probes to detect moderate changes in P-gp function at the living BBB. In vitro, the half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the potent P-gp inhibitor tariquidar in P-gp-overexpressing cells was significantly different using either [11C]verapamil (44 nM), [11C]N-desmethyl-loperamide (19 nM) or [11C]metoclopramide (4 nM) as substrate probes. In vivo PET imaging in rats showed that the half-maximum inhibition of P-gp-mediated efflux of [11C]metoclopramide, achieved using 1 mg/kg tariquidar (in vivo IC50 = 82 nM in plasma), increased brain exposure by 2.1-fold for [11C]metoclopramide (p < 0.05, n = 4) and 2.4-fold for [11C]verapamil (p < 0.05, n = 4), whereby cerebral uptake of the "avid" substrate [11C]N-desmethyl-loperamide was unaffected (p > 0.05, n = 4). This comparative study points to differences in the "vulnerability" to P-gp inhibition among radiolabeled substrates, which were apparently unrelated to their "avidity" (maximal response to P-gp inhibition). Herein, we advocate that partial inhibition of transporter function, in addition to complete inhibition, should be a primary criterion of evaluation regarding the sensitivity of radiolabeled substrates to detect moderate but physiologically-relevant changes in transporter function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Breuil
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay France.,Pharmacy Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Solène Marie
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay France.,Pharmacy Department, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sébastien Goutal
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay France
| | - Sylvain Auvity
- Pharmacy Department, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, UMR-S 1144, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Charles Truillet
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay France
| | - Wadad Saba
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay France
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay France
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11
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Hernández-Lozano I, Mairinger S, Filip T, Sauberer M, Wanek T, Stanek J, Sake JA, Pekar T, Ehrhardt C, Langer O. PET imaging to assess the impact of P-glycoprotein on pulmonary drug delivery in rats. J Control Release 2021; 342:44-52. [PMID: 34971693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several drugs approved for inhalation for the treatment of pulmonary diseases are substrates of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). P-gp is expressed in the apical membrane of pulmonary epithelial cells and could play a role in modulating the pulmonary absorption and distribution of inhaled drugs, thereby potentially contributing to variability in therapeutic response and/or systemic side effects. We developed a new in vivo experimental approach to assess the functional impact of P-gp on the pulmonary delivery of inhaled drugs in rats. By using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, we measured the intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of the model P-gp substrates (R)-[11C]verapamil ([11C]VPM) and [11C]-N-desmethyl-loperamide ([11C]dLOP) administered by intratracheal aerosolization in three rat groups: wild-type, Abcb1a/b(-/-) and wild-type treated with the P-gp inhibitor tariquidar. Lung exposure (AUClung_right) to [11C]VPM was 64% and 50% lower (p < 0.05) in tariquidar-treated and in Abcb1a/b(-/-) rats, respectively, compared to untreated wild-type rats. For [11C]dLOP, AUClung_right was 59% and 34% lower (p < 0.05) in tariquidar-treated and in Abcb1a/b(-/-) rats, respectively. Our results show that P-gp can affect the pulmonary disposition of inhaled P-gp substrates, whereby a decrease in P-gp activity may lead to lower lung exposure and potentially to a decrease in therapeutic efficacy. Our study highlights the potential of PET imaging with intratracheally aerosolized radiotracers to assess the impact of membrane transporters on pulmonary drug delivery, in rodents and potentially also in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Severin Mairinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Thomas Filip
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Sauberer
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Stanek
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A Sake
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Pekar
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Jala A, Ponneganti S, Vishnubhatla DS, Bhuvanam G, Mekala PR, Varghese B, Radhakrishnanand P, Adela R, Murty US, Borkar RM. Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions: advancement in models, analytical tools, and regulatory perspective. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:285-320. [PMID: 33980079 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1928687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions mediated by transporters are a serious clinical concern hence a tremendous amount of work has been done on the characterization of the transporter-mediated proteins in humans and animals. The underlying mechanism for the transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction is the induction or inhibition of the transporter which is involved in the cellular uptake and efflux of drugs. Transporter of the brain, liver, kidney, and intestine are major determinants that alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion profile of drugs, and considerably influence the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs. As a consequence, transporter proteins may affect the therapeutic activity and safety of drugs. However, mounting evidence suggests that many drugs change the activity and/or expression of the transporter protein. Accordingly, evaluation of drug interaction during the drug development process is an integral part of risk assessment and regulatory requirements. Therefore, this review will highlight the clinical significance of the transporter, their role in disease, possible cause underlying the drug-drug interactions using analytical tools, and update on the regulatory requirement. The recent in-silico approaches which emphasize the advancement in the discovery of drug-drug interactions are also highlighted in this review. Besides, we discuss several endogenous biomarkers that have shown to act as substrates for many transporters, which could be potent determinants to find the drug-drug interactions mediated by transporters. Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions are taken into consideration in the drug approval process therefore we also provided the extrapolated decision trees from in-vitro to in-vivo, which may trigger the follow-up to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Jala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Srikanth Ponneganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Devi Swetha Vishnubhatla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Gayathri Bhuvanam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Prithvi Raju Mekala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Bincy Varghese
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Pullapanthula Radhakrishnanand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Ramu Adela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | | | - Roshan M Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
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13
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Tournier N, Goutal S, Mairinger S, Hernández-Lozano I, Filip T, Sauberer M, Caillé F, Breuil L, Stanek J, Freeman AF, Novarino G, Truillet C, Wanek T, Langer O. Complete inhibition of ABCB1 and ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier by co-infusion of erlotinib and tariquidar to improve brain delivery of the model ABCB1/ABCG2 substrate [ 11C]erlotinib. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1634-1646. [PMID: 33081568 PMCID: PMC8221757 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20965500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) restrict at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) the brain distribution of the majority of currently known molecularly targeted anticancer drugs. To improve brain delivery of dual ABCB1/ABCG2 substrates, both ABCB1 and ABCG2 need to be inhibited simultaneously at the BBB. We examined the feasibility of simultaneous ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibition with i.v. co-infusion of erlotinib and tariquidar by studying brain distribution of the model ABCB1/ABCG2 substrate [11C]erlotinib in mice and rhesus macaques with PET. Tolerability of the erlotinib/tariquidar combination was assessed in human embryonic stem cell-derived cerebral organoids. In mice and macaques, baseline brain distribution of [11C]erlotinib was low (brain distribution volume, VT,brain < 0.3 mL/cm3). Co-infusion of erlotinib and tariquidar increased VT,brain in mice by 3.0-fold and in macaques by 3.4- to 5.0-fold, while infusion of erlotinib alone or tariquidar alone led to less pronounced VT,brain increases in both species. Treatment of cerebral organoids with erlotinib/tariquidar led to an induction of Caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Co-infusion of erlotinib/tariquidar may potentially allow for complete ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibition at the BBB, while simultaneously achieving brain-targeted EGFR inhibition. Our protocol may be applicable to enhance brain delivery of molecularly targeted anticancer drugs for a more effective treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tournier
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Sebastien Goutal
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France.,MIRCen, CEA/IBFJ/DRF-JACOB/LMN, UMR CEA CNRS 9199-Université Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Severin Mairinger
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Filip
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Michael Sauberer
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Louise Breuil
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Johann Stanek
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Anna F Freeman
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Gaia Novarino
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Charles Truillet
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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García-Varela L, García DV, Kakiuchi T, Ohba H, Nishiyama S, Tago T, Elsinga PH, Tsukada H, Colabufo NA, Dierckx RAJO, van Waarde A, Toyohara J, Boellaard R, Luurtsema G. Pharmacokinetic Modeling of ( R)-[ 11C]verapamil to Measure the P-Glycoprotein Function in Nonhuman Primates. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:416-428. [PMID: 33315404 PMCID: PMC7788571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
(R)-[11C]verapamil is a radiotracer
widely used for the evaluation of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function
at the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Several studies have evaluated
the pharmacokinetics of (R)-[11C]verapamil
in rats and humans under different conditions. However, to the best
of our knowledge, the pharmacokinetics of (R)-[11C]verapamil have not yet been evaluated in nonhuman primates.
Our study aims to establish (R)-[11C]verapamil
as a reference P-gp tracer for comparison of a newly developed P-gp
positron emission tomography (PET) tracer in a species close to humans.
Therefore, the study assesses the kinetics of (R)-[11C]verapamil and evaluates the effect of scan duration and
P-gp inhibition on estimated pharmacokinetic parameters. Three nonhuman
primates underwent two dynamic 91 min PET scans with arterial blood
sampling, one at baseline and another after inhibition of the P-gp
function. The (R)-[11C]verapamil data
were analyzed using 1-tissue compartment model (1-TCM) and 2-tissue
compartment model fits using plasma-corrected for polar radio-metabolites
or non-corrected for radio-metabolites as an input function and with
various scan durations (10, 20, 30, 60, and 91 min). The preferred
model was chosen according to the Akaike information criterion and
the standard errors (SE %) of the estimated parameters. 1-TCM was
selected as the model of choice to analyze the (R)-[11C]verapamil data at baseline and after inhibition
and for all scan durations tested. The volume of distribution (VT) and the efflux constant k2 estimations were affected by the evaluated scan durations,
whereas the influx constant K1 estimations
remained relatively constant. After P-gp inhibition (tariquidar, 8
mg/kg), in a 91 min scan duration, the whole-brain VT increased significantly up to 208% (p < 0.001) and K1 up to 159% (p < 0.001) compared with baseline scans. The k2 values decreased significantly after P-gp
inhibition in all the scan durations except for the 91 min scans.
This study suggests the use of K1, calculated
with 1-TCM and using short PET scans (10 to 30 min), as a suitable
parameter to measure the P-gp function at the BBB of nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara García-Varela
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - David Vállez García
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Takeharu Kakiuchi
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita, Hamamatsu 434-8601, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohba
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita, Hamamatsu 434-8601, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Nishiyama
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita, Hamamatsu 434-8601, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Tago
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita, Hamamatsu 434-8601, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nicola A Colabufo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70125, Italy.,Biofordrug, Spin-off Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro", via Dante 99, Triggiano, Bari 70019, Italy
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jun Toyohara
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Luurtsema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
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15
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Wanek T, Zoufal V, Brackhan M, Krohn M, Mairinger S, Filip T, Sauberer M, Stanek J, Pekar T, Pahnke J, Langer O. Brain Distribution of Dual ABCB1/ABCG2 Substrates Is Unaltered in a Beta-Amyloidosis Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8245. [PMID: 33153231 PMCID: PMC7663372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) and ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein) are co-localized at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), where they restrict the brain distribution of many different drugs. Moreover, ABCB1 and possibly ABCG2 play a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by mediating the brain clearance of beta-amyloid (Aβ) across the BBB. This study aimed to compare the abundance and activity of ABCG2 in a commonly used β-amyloidosis mouse model (APP/PS1-21) with age-matched wild-type mice. METHODS The abundance of ABCG2 was assessed by semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of brain slices of APP/PS1-21 and wild-type mice aged 6 months. Moreover, the brain distribution of two dual ABCB1/ABCG2 substrate radiotracers ([11C]tariquidar and [11C]erlotinib) was assessed in APP/PS1-21 and wild-type mice with positron emission tomography (PET). [11C]Tariquidar PET scans were performed without and with partial inhibition of ABCG2 with Ko143, while [11C]erlotinib PET scans were only performed under baseline conditions. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant reduction (by 29-37%) in the number of ABCG2-stained microvessels in the brains of APP/PS1-21 mice. Partial ABCG2 inhibition significantly increased the brain distribution of [11C]tariquidar in APP/PS1-21 and wild-type mice, but the brain distribution of [11C]tariquidar did not differ under both conditions between the two mouse strains. Similar results were obtained with [11C]erlotinib. CONCLUSIONS Despite a reduction in the abundance of cerebral ABCG2 and ABCB1 in APP/PS1-21 mice, the brain distribution of two dual ABCB1/ABCG2 substrates was unaltered. Our results suggest that the brain distribution of clinically used ABCB1/ABCG2 substrate drugs may not differ between AD patients and healthy people.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/toxicity
- Amyloidosis/diagnostic imaging
- Amyloidosis/metabolism
- Amyloidosis/pathology
- Animals
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Brain/diagnostic imaging
- Brain/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Quinolines/pharmacokinetics
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wanek
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (V.Z.); (S.M.); (T.F.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Viktoria Zoufal
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (V.Z.); (S.M.); (T.F.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Mirjam Brackhan
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), 0424 Oslo, Norway; (M.B.); (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Markus Krohn
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), 0424 Oslo, Norway; (M.B.); (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Severin Mairinger
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (V.Z.); (S.M.); (T.F.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Thomas Filip
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (V.Z.); (S.M.); (T.F.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Michael Sauberer
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (V.Z.); (S.M.); (T.F.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Johann Stanek
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (V.Z.); (S.M.); (T.F.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Thomas Pekar
- Biomedical Analytics, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria;
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), 0424 Oslo, Norway; (M.B.); (M.K.); (J.P.)
- LIED, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 1586 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Oliver Langer
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; (V.Z.); (S.M.); (T.F.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (O.L.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Novel Intrinsic Mechanisms of Active Drug Extrusion at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Potential Targets for Enhancing Drug Delivery to the Brain? Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100966. [PMID: 33066604 PMCID: PMC7602420 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the pharmacotherapy of several brain disorders. In addition to the structural and metabolic characteristics of the BBB, the ATP-driven, drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a selective gatekeeper of the BBB; thus, it is a primary hindrance to drug delivery into the brain. Here, we review the complex regulation of Pgp expression and functional activity at the BBB with an emphasis on recent studies from our laboratory. In addition to traditional processes such as transcriptional regulation and posttranscriptional or posttranslational modification of Pgp expression and functionality, novel mechanisms such as intra- and intercellular Pgp trafficking and intracellular Pgp-mediated lysosomal sequestration in BBB endothelial cells with subsequent disposal by blood neutrophils are discussed. These intrinsic mechanisms of active drug extrusion at the BBB are potential therapeutic targets that could be used to modulate P-glycoprotein activity in the treatment of brain diseases and enhance drug delivery to the brain.
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17
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Zoufal V, Mairinger S, Brackhan M, Krohn M, Filip T, Sauberer M, Stanek J, Wanek T, Tournier N, Bauer M, Pahnke J, Langer O. Imaging P-Glycoprotein Induction at the Blood-Brain Barrier of a β-Amyloidosis Mouse Model with 11C-Metoclopramide PET. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1050-1057. [PMID: 31806767 PMCID: PMC7383073 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.237198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (ABC subfamily B member 1, ABCB1) plays an important role at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in promoting clearance of neurotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides from the brain into the blood. ABCB1 expression and activity were found to be decreased in the brains of Alzheimer disease patients. Treatment with drugs that induce cerebral ABCB1 activity may be a promising approach to delay the build-up of Aβ deposits in the brain by enhancing clearance of Aβ peptides from the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PET with the weak ABCB1 substrate radiotracer 11C-metoclopramide can measure ABCB1 induction at the BBB in a β-amyloidosis mouse model (APP/PS1-21 mice) and in wild-type mice. Methods: Groups of wild-type and APP/PS1-21 mice aged 50 or 170 d underwent 11C-metoclopramide baseline PET scans or scans after intraperitoneal treatment with the rodent pregnane X receptor activator 5-pregnen-3β-ol-20-one-16α-carbonitrile (PCN, 25 mg/kg) or its vehicle over 7 d. At the end of the PET scans, brains were harvested for immunohistochemical analysis of ABCB1 and Aβ levels. In separate groups of mice, radiolabeled metabolites of 11C-metoclopramide were determined in plasma and brain at 15 min after radiotracer injection. As an outcome parameter of cerebral ABCB1 activity, the elimination slope of radioactivity washout from the brain (kE,brain) was calculated. Results: PCN treatment resulted in an increased clearance of radioactivity from the brain as reflected by significant increases in kE,brain (from +26% to +54% relative to baseline). Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed ABCB1 induction in the brains of PCN-treated APP/PS1-21 mice with a concomitant decrease in Aβ levels. There was a significant positive correlation between kE,brain and ABCB1 levels in the brain. In wild-type mice, a significant age-related decrease in kE,brain was found. Metabolite analysis showed that most radioactivity in the brain comprised unmetabolized 11C-metoclopramide in all animal groups. Conclusion:11C-metoclopramide can measure ABCB1 induction in the mouse brain without the need to consider an arterial input function and may find potential application in Alzheimer disease patients to noninvasively evaluate strategies to enhance the clearance properties of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Zoufal
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Severin Mairinger
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Mirjam Brackhan
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Krohn
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Filip
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Michael Sauberer
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Johann Stanek
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia; and
| | - Oliver Langer
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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García-Varela L, Vállez García D, Rodríguez-Pérez M, van Waarde A, Sijbesma JWA, Schildt A, Kwizera C, Aguiar P, Sobrino T, Dierckx RAJO, Elsinga PH, Luurtsema G. Test-Retest Repeatability of [ 18F]MC225-PET in Rodents: A Tracer for Imaging of P-gp Function. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:648-658. [PMID: 31961646 PMCID: PMC7034080 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
In
longitudinal PET studies, animals are repeatedly anesthetized
which may affect the repeatability of PET measurements. The aim of
this study was to assess the effect of anesthesia on the P-gp function
as well as the reproducibility of [18F]MC225 PET scans.
Thus, dynamic PET scans with blood sampling were conducted in 13 Wistar
rats. Seven animals were exposed to isoflurane anesthesia 1 week before
the PET scan (“Anesthesia-exposed” PET). A second group
of six animals was used to evaluate the reproducibility of measurements
of P-gp function at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) with [18F]MC225. In this group, two PET scans were made with a 1
week interval (“Test” and “Retest” PET).
Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using compartmental models
and metabolite-corrected plasma as an input function. “Anesthesia-exposed”
animals showed a 28% decrease in whole-brain volume of distribution
(VT) (p < 0.001) compared
to “Test”, where the animals were not previously anesthetized.
The VT at “Retest” also
decreased (19%) compared to “Test” (p < 0.001). The k2 values in whole-brain
were significantly increased by 18% in “Anesthesia-exposed”
(p = 0.005) and by 15% in “Retest”
(p = 0.008) compared to “Test”. However,
no significant differences were found in the influx rate constant K1, which is considered as the best parameter
to measure the P-gp function. Moreover, Western Blot analysis did
not find significant differences in the P-gp expression of animals
not pre-exposed to anesthesia (“Test”) or pre-exposed
animals (“Retest”). To conclude, anesthesia may affect
the brain distribution of [18F]MC225 but it does not affect
the P-gp expression or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara García-Varela
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O.
Box 30001, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Vállez García
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O.
Box 30001, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O.
Box 30001, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen W. A. Sijbesma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O.
Box 30001, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Schildt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O.
Box 30001, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Kwizera
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O.
Box 30001, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Aguiar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Group, Clinical University Hospital, IDIS Health Research Institute, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O.
Box 30001, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O.
Box 30001, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Luurtsema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O.
Box 30001, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Role of P-glycoprotein in the brain disposition of seletalisib: Evaluation of the potential for drug-drug interactions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 142:105122. [PMID: 31678424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Seletalisib is an orally bioavailable selective inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) in clinical development for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. The present study investigated the role of P-gp in seletalisib disposition, especially brain distribution, and the associated risks of interactions. Seletalisib was found to be actively transported by rodent and human P-gp in vitro (transfected LLC-PK1 cells; Km of ca. 20 µM), with minimal or no affinity for the other tested transporters. A distribution study in knockout rats (single oral dosing at 750 mg kg-1) showed that P-gp restricts the brain disposition of seletalisib while having minimal effect on its intestinal absorption. Restricted brain penetration was also observed in cynomolgus monkeys (single oral dosing at 30 mg kg-1) using brain microdialysis and cerebrospinal fluid sampling (Kp,uu of 0.09 and 0.24, respectively). These findings opened the question of potential pharmacokinetic interaction between seletalisib and P-gp inhibitors. In vitro, CsA inhibited the active transport of seletalisib with an IC50 of 0.13 µM. In rats, co-administration of high doses of CsA (bolus iv followed by continuous infusion) increased the brain distribution of seletalisib (single oral dosing at 5 mg kg-1). The observed data were found aligned with those predicted by in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. Based on the same extrapolation method combined with literature data, only very few P-gp inhibitors (i.e. CsA, quinine, quinidine) were predicted to increase the brain disposition of seletalisib in the clinical setting (maximal 3-fold changes).
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20
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Zoufal V, Wanek T, Krohn M, Mairinger S, Filip T, Sauberer M, Stanek J, Pekar T, Bauer M, Pahnke J, Langer O. Age dependency of cerebral P-glycoprotein function in wild-type and APPPS1 mice measured with PET. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:150-162. [PMID: 30354871 PMCID: PMC6928546 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18806640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) is an efflux transporter at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which mediates clearance of beta-amyloid (Aβ) from brain into blood. We used (R)-[11C]verapamil PET in combination with partial P-gp inhibition with tariquidar to measure cerebral P-gp function in a beta-amyloidosis mouse model (APPtg) and in control mice at three different ages (50, 200 and 380 days). Following tariquidar pre-treatment (4 mg/kg), whole brain-to-plasma radioactivity concentration ratios (Kp,brain) were significantly higher in APPtg than in wild-type mice aged 50 days, pointing to decreased cerebral P-gp function. Moreover, we found an age-dependent decrease in cerebral P-gp function in both wild-type and APPtg mice of up to -50%. Alterations in P-gp function were more pronounced in Aβ-rich brain regions (hippocampus, cortex) than in a control region with negligible Aβ load (cerebellum). PET results were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of P-gp in brain microvessels. Our results confirm previous findings of reduced P-gp function in Alzheimer's disease mouse models and show that our PET protocol possesses adequate sensitivity to measure these functional changes in vivo. Our PET protocol may find use in clinical studies to test the efficacy of drugs to induce P-gp function at the human BBB to enhance Aβ clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Zoufal
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Markus Krohn
- Department of Neuro/Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Severin Mairinger
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Thomas Filip
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Michael Sauberer
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Johann Stanek
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Thomas Pekar
- University of Applied Sciences, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neuro/Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway.,LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Oliver Langer
- Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Influence of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins on the Excretion of the ABCC1 Imaging Probe 6-Bromo-7-[ 11C]Methylpurine in Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:306-316. [PMID: 29942989 PMCID: PMC6449286 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) mediate the hepatobiliary and renal excretion of many drugs and drug conjugates. The positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 6-bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine is rapidly converted in tissues by glutathione-S-transferases into its glutathione conjugate, and has been used to measure the activity of Abcc1 in the brain and the lungs of mice. Aim of this work was to investigate if the activity of MRPs in excretory organs can be measured with 6-bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine. Procedures We performed PET scans with 6-bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine in groups of wild-type, Abcc4(−/−) and Abcc1(−/−) mice, with and without pre-treatment with the prototypical MRP inhibitor MK571. Results 6-Bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine-derived radioactivity predominantly underwent renal excretion. In blood, MK571 treatment led to a significant increase in the AUC and a decrease in the elimination rate constant of radioactivity (kelimination,blood). In the kidneys, there were significant decreases in the rate constant for radioactivity uptake from the blood (kuptake,kidney), kelimination,kidney, and the rate constant for tubular secretion of radioactivity (kurine). Experiments in Abcc4(−/−) mice indicated that Abcc4 contributed to renal excretion of 6-bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine-derived radioactivity. Conclusions Our data suggest that 6-bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine may be useful to assess the activity of MRPs in the kidneys as well as in other organs (brain, lungs), although further work is needed to identify the MRP subtypes involved in the disposition of 6-bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine-derived radioactivity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11307-018-1230-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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22
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Bauer M, Tournier N, Langer O. Imaging P-Glycoprotein Function at the Blood-Brain Barrier as a Determinant of the Variability in Response to Central Nervous System Drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 105:1061-1064. [PMID: 30903694 PMCID: PMC6491962 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Tournier N, Bauer M, Pichler V, Nics L, Klebermass EM, Bamminger K, Matzneller P, Weber M, Karch R, Caillé F, Auvity S, Marie S, Jäger W, Wadsak W, Hacker M, Zeitlinger M, Langer O. Impact of P-Glycoprotein Function on the Brain Kinetics of the Weak Substrate 11C-Metoclopramide Assessed with PET Imaging in Humans. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:985-991. [PMID: 30630940 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.219972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PET with avid substrates of P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) provided evidence of the role of this efflux transporter in effectively restricting the brain penetration of its substrates across the human blood-brain barrier (BBB). This may not reflect the situation for weak ABCB1 substrates including several antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs, and neuroleptics, which exert central nervous system effects despite being transported by ABCB1. We performed PET with the weak ABCB1 substrate 11C-metoclopramide in humans to elucidate the impact of ABCB1 function on its brain kinetics. Methods: Ten healthy male subjects underwent 2 consecutive 11C-metoclopramide PET scans without and with ABCB1 inhibition using cyclosporine A (CsA). Pharmacokinetic modeling was performed to estimate the total volume of distribution (V T) and the influx (K 1) and efflux (k 2) rate constants between plasma and selected brain regions. Furthermore, 11C-metoclopramide washout from the brain was estimated by determining the elimination slope (k E,brain) of the brain time-activity curves. Results: In baseline scans, 11C-metoclopramide showed appreciable brain distribution (V T = 2.11 ± 0.33 mL/cm3). During CsA infusion, whole-brain gray matter V T and K 1 were increased by 29% ± 17% and 9% ± 12%, respectively. K 2 was decreased by 15% ± 5%, consistent with a decrease in k E,brain (-32% ± 18%). The impact of CsA on outcome parameters was significant and similar across brain regions except for the pituitary gland, which is not protected by the BBB. Conclusion: Our results show for the first time that ABCB1 does not solely account for the "barrier" property of the BBB but also acts as a detoxifying system to limit the overall brain exposure to its substrates at the human blood-brain interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tournier
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Klebermass
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Bamminger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Matzneller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Weber
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Karch
- Centre for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabien Caillé
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Sylvain Auvity
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Solène Marie
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Walter Jäger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine-CBmed GmbH, Graz, Austria; and
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
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24
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Goutal S, Gerstenmayer M, Auvity S, Caillé F, Mériaux S, Buvat I, Larrat B, Tournier N. Physical blood-brain barrier disruption induced by focused ultrasound does not overcome the transporter-mediated efflux of erlotinib. J Control Release 2018; 292:210-220. [PMID: 30415015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming the efflux mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a challenge for the delivery of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as erlotinib to the brain. Inhibition of ABCB1 and ABCG2 at the mouse BBB improved the BBB permeation of erlotinib but could not be achieved in humans. BBB disruption induced by focused ultrasound (FUS) was investigated as a strategy to overcome the efflux transport of erlotinib in vivo. In rats, FUS combined with microbubbles allowed for a large and spatially controlled disruption of the BBB in the left hemisphere. ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibition was performed using elacridar (10 mg/kg i.v). The brain kinetics of erlotinib was studied using 11C-erlotinib Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging in 5 groups (n = 4-5 rats per group) including a baseline group, immediately after sonication (FUS), 48 h after FUS (FUS + 48 h), elacridar (ELA) and their combination (FUS + ELA). BBB integrity was assessed using the Evan's Blue (EB) extravasation test. Brain exposure to 11C-erlotinib was measured as the area under the curve (AUC) of the brain kinetics (% injected dose (%ID) versus time (min)) in volumes corresponding to the disrupted (left) and the intact (right) hemispheres, respectively. EB extravasation highlighted BBB disruption in the left hemisphere of animals of the FUS and FUS + ELA groups but not in the control and ELA groups. EB extravasation was not observed 48 h after FUS suggesting recovery of BBB integrity. Compared with the control group (AUCBaseline = 1.4 ± 0.5%ID.min), physical BBB disruption did not impact the brain kinetics of 11C-erlotinib in the left hemisphere (p > .05) either immediately (AUCFUS = 1.2 ± 0.1%ID.min) or 48 h after FUS (AUCFUS+48h = 1.1 ± 0.3%ID.min). Elacridar similarly increased 11C-erlotinib brain exposure to the left hemisphere in the absence (AUCELA = 2.2 ± 0.5%ID.min, p < .001) and in the presence of BBB disruption (AUCFUS+ELA = 2.1 ± 0.5%ID.min, p < .001). AUCleft was never significantly different from AUCright (p > .05), in any of the tested conditions. BBB integrity is not the rate limiting step for erlotinib delivery to the brain which is mainly governed by ABC-mediated efflux. Efflux transport of erlotinib persisted despite BBB disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Goutal
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France; Molecular Imaging Research Center, MIRCen, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Matthieu Gerstenmayer
- Neurospin, Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Université Paris Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Sylvain Auvity
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Sébastien Mériaux
- Neurospin, Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Université Paris Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Irène Buvat
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Benoit Larrat
- Neurospin, Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Université Paris Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France.
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25
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Krohn M, Wanek T, Menet MC, Noack A, Declèves X, Langer O, Löscher W, Pahnke J. Humanization of the Blood-Brain Barrier Transporter ABCB1 in Mice Disrupts Genomic Locus - Lessons from Three Unsuccessful Approaches. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2018; 8:78-86. [PMID: 30345087 PMCID: PMC6186017 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are of major importance for the restricted access of toxins and drugs to the human body. At the body's barrier tissues like the blood-brain barrier, these transporters are highly represented. Especially, ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) has been a priority target of pharmaceutical research, for instance, to aid chemotherapy of cancers, therapy resistant epilepsy, and lately even neurodegenerative diseases. To improve translational research, the humanization of mouse genes has become a popular tool although, like recently seen for Abcb1, not all approaches were successful. Here, we report the characterization of another unsuccessful commercially available ABCB1 humanized mouse strain. In vivo assessment of transporter activity using positron emission tomography imaging revealed a severe reduction of ABCB1 function in the brain of these mice. Analyses of brain mRNA and protein expression showed that the murine Abcb1a gene is still expressed in homozygous humanized animals while expression of the human gene is minimal. Promoter region analyses underpinned that the introduced human gene might dysregulate normal expression and provided insights into the regulation of both transcription and translation of Abcb1a. We conclude that insertion of the human coding DNA sequence (CDS) into exon 3 instead of exon 2 most probably represents a more promising strategy for Abcb1a humanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Krohn
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Neuro-Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Marie-Claude Menet
- Inserm UMR-S 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Noack
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Xavier Declèves
- Inserm UMR-S 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Langer
- Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Neuro-Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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26
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Vignal N, Cisternino S, Rizzo-Padoin N, San C, Hontonnou F, Gelé T, Declèves X, Sarda-Mantel L, Hosten B. [ 18F]FEPPA a TSPO Radioligand: Optimized Radiosynthesis and Evaluation as a PET Radiotracer for Brain Inflammation in a Peripheral LPS-Injected Mouse Model. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061375. [PMID: 29875332 PMCID: PMC6099542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
[18F]FEPPA is a specific ligand for the translocator protein of 18 kDa (TSPO) used as a positron emission tomography (PET) biomarker for glial activation and neuroinflammation. [18F]FEPPA radiosynthesis was optimized to assess in a mouse model the cerebral inflammation induced by an intraperitoneal injection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium lipopolysaccharides (LPS; 5 mg/kg) 24 h before PET imaging. [18F]FEPPA was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution (90 °C, 10 min) with tosylated precursor, followed by improved semi-preparative HPLC purification (retention time 14 min). [18F]FEPPA radiosynthesis were carried out in 55 min (from EOB). The non-decay corrected radiochemical yield were 34 ± 2% (n = 17), and the radiochemical purity greater than 99%, with a molar activity of 198 ± 125 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis. Western blot analysis demonstrated a 2.2-fold increase in TSPO brain expression in the LPS treated mice compared to controls. This was consistent with the significant increase of [18F]FEPPA brain total volume of distribution (VT) estimated with pharmacokinetic modelling. In conclusion, [18F]FEPPA radiosynthesis was implemented with high yields. The new purification/formulation with only class 3 solvents is more suitable for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vignal
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, 75010 Paris, France.
- Inserm UMR-S 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Inserm UMR-S 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Rizzo-Padoin
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, 75010 Paris, France.
- Inserm UMR-S 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Carine San
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Fortune Hontonnou
- Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Thibaut Gelé
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Xavier Declèves
- Inserm UMR-S 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Laure Sarda-Mantel
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, 75010 Paris, France.
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Médecine Nucléaire, 75010 Paris, France.
- Inserm UMR-S 942, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Benoît Hosten
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, 75010 Paris, France.
- Inserm UMR-S 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
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27
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Abstract
Transporter systems involved in the permeation of drugs and solutes across biological membranes are recognized as key determinants of pharmacokinetics. Typically, the action of membrane transporters on drug exposure to tissues in living organisms is inferred from invasive procedures, which cannot be applied in humans. In recent years, imaging methods have greatly progressed in terms of instruments, synthesis of novel imaging probes as well as tools for data analysis. Imaging allows pharmacokinetic parameters in different tissues and organs to be obtained in a non-invasive or minimally invasive way. The aim of this overview is to summarize the current status in the field of molecular imaging of drug transporters. The overview is focused on human studies, both for the characterization of transport systems for imaging agents as well as for the determination of drug pharmacokinetics, and makes reference to animal studies where necessary. We conclude that despite certain methodological limitations, imaging has a great potential to study transporters at work in humans and that imaging will become an important tool, not only in drug development but also in medicine. Imaging allows the mechanistic aspects of transport proteins to be studied, as well as elucidating the influence of genetic background, pathophysiological states and drug-drug interactions on the function of transporters involved in the disposition of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tournier
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Mairinger S, Zoufal V, Wanek T, Traxl A, Filip T, Sauberer M, Stanek J, Kuntner C, Pahnke J, Müller M, Langer O. Influence of breast cancer resistance protein and P-glycoprotein on tissue distribution and excretion of Ko143 assessed with PET imaging in mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 115:212-222. [PMID: 29360507 PMCID: PMC5884419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ko143 is a reference inhibitor of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter breast cancer resistance protein (humans: ABCG2, rodents: Abcg2) for in vitro and in vivo use. Previous in vitro data indicate that Ko143 binds specifically to ABCG2/Abcg2, suggesting a potential utility of Ko143 as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer to assess the density (abundance) of ABCG2 in different tissues. In this work we radiolabeled Ko143 with carbon-11 (11C) and performed small-animal PET experiments with [11C]Ko143 in wild-type, Abcg2(-/-), Abcb1a/b(-/-) and Abcb1a/b(-/-)Abcg2(-/-) mice to assess the influence of Abcg2 and Abcb1a/b on tissue distribution and excretion of [11C]Ko143. [11C]Ko143 was extensively metabolized in vivo and unidentified radiolabeled metabolites were found in all investigated tissues. We detected no significant differences between wild-type and Abcg2(-/-) mice in the distribution of [11C]Ko143-derived radioactivity to Abcg2-expressing organs (brain, liver and kidney). [11C]Ko143 and possibly its radiolabeled metabolites were transported by Abcb1a and not by Abcg2 at the mouse blood-brain barrier. [11C]Ko143-derived radioactivity underwent both hepatobiliary and urinary excretion, with Abcg2 playing a possible role in mediating the transport of radiolabeled metabolites of [11C]Ko143 from the kidney into urine. Experiments in which a pharmacologic dose of unlabeled Ko143 (10 mg/kg) was co-administered with [11C]Ko143 revealed pronounced effects of the vehicle used for Ko143 formulation (containing polyethylene glycol 300 and polysorbate 80) on radioactivity distribution to the brain and the liver, as well as on hepatobiliary and urinary excretion of radioactivity. Our results highlight the challenges associated with the development of PET tracers for ABC transporters and emphasize that inhibitory effects of pharmaceutical excipients on membrane transporters need to be considered when performing in vivo drug-drug interaction studies. Finally, our study illustrates the power of small-animal PET to assess the interaction of drug molecules with membrane transporters on a whole body level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Mairinger
- Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Viktoria Zoufal
- Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Alexander Traxl
- Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Thomas Filip
- Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Michael Sauberer
- Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Johann Stanek
- Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Kuntner
- Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway; LIED, University of Lübeck, Germany; Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Markus Müller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Raaphorst RM, Luurtsema G, Schuit RC, Kooijman EJM, Elsinga PH, Lammertsma AA, Windhorst AD. Synthesis and Evaluation of New Fluorine-18 Labeled Verapamil Analogs To Investigate the Function of P-Glycoprotein in the Blood-Brain Barrier. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1925-1936. [PMID: 28650628 PMCID: PMC5609126 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein is an efflux transporter located in the blood-brain barrier. (R)-[11C]Verapamil is widely used as a PET tracer to investigate its function in patients with epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Currently it is not possible to use this successful tracer in clinics without a cyclotron, because of the short half-life of carbon-11. We developed two new fluorine-18 labeled (R)-verapamil analogs, with the benefit of a longer half-life. The synthesis of (R)-N-[18F]fluoroethylverapamil ([18F]1) and (R)-O-[18F]fluoroethylnorverapamil ([18F]2) has been described. [18F]1 was obtained in reaction of (R)-norverapamil with the volatile [18F]fluoroethyltriflate acquired from bromoethyltosylate and a silver trilate column with a radiochemical yield of 2.7% ± 1.2%. [18F]2 was radiolabeled by direct fluorination of precursor 13 and required final Boc-deprotection with TFA resulting in a radiochemical yield of 17.2% ± 9.9%. Both tracers, [18F]1 and [18F]2, were administered to Wistar rats, and blood plasma and brain samples were analyzed for metabolic stability. Using [18F]1 and [18F]2, PET scans were performed in Wistar rats at baseline and after blocking with tariquidar, showing a 3.6- and 2.4-fold increase in brain uptake in the blocked rats, respectively. In addition, for both [18F]1 and [18F]2, PET scans in Mdr1a/b(-/-), Bcrp1(-/-), and WT mice were acquired, in which [18F]2 showed a more specific brain uptake in Mdr1a/b(-/-) mice and no increased signal in Bcrp1(-/-) mice. [18F]2 was selected as the best performing tracer and should be evaluated further in clinical studies.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- Animals
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Central Nervous System Agents/pharmacology
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drug Stability
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Structure
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Radiopharmaceuticals/chemical synthesis
- Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics
- Rats, Wistar
- Tissue Distribution
- Verapamil/chemical synthesis
- Verapamil/pharmacology
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske M. Raaphorst
- Department
of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU
University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Luurtsema
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C. Schuit
- Department
of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU
University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther J. M. Kooijman
- Department
of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU
University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A. Lammertsma
- Department
of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU
University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department
of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU
University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Langer O. Use of PET Imaging to Evaluate Transporter-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 56 Suppl 7:S143-56. [PMID: 27385172 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several membrane transporters belonging to the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) families can transport drugs and drug metabolites and thereby exert an effect on drug absorption, distribution, and excretion, which may potentially lead to transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Some transporter-mediated DDIs may lead to changes in organ distribution of drugs (eg, brain, liver, kidneys) without affecting plasma concentrations. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive imaging method that allows studying of the distribution of radiolabeled drugs to different organs and tissues and is therefore the method of choice to quantitatively assess transporter-mediated DDIs on a tissue level. There are 2 approaches to how PET can be used in transporter-mediated DDI studies. When the drug of interest is a potential perpetrator of DDIs, it may be administered in unlabeled form to assess its influence on tissue distribution of a generic transporter-specific PET tracer (probe substrate). When the drug of interest is a potential victim of DDIs, it may be radiolabeled with carbon-11 or fluorine-18 and used in combination with a prototypical transporter inhibitor (eg, rifampicin). PET has already been used both in preclinical species and in humans to assess the effects of transporter-mediated DDIs on drug disposition in different organ systems, such as brain, liver, and kidneys, for which examples are given in the present review article. Given the growing importance of membrane transporters with respect to drug safety and efficacy, PET is expected to play an increasingly important role in future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria.,Medical Imaging Cluster, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Bauer M, Wulkersdorfer B, Karch R, Philippe C, Jäger W, Stanek J, Wadsak W, Hacker M, Zeitlinger M, Langer O. Effect of P-glycoprotein inhibition at the blood-brain barrier on brain distribution of (R)-[ 11 C]verapamil in elderly vs. young subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:1991-1999. [PMID: 28401570 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) acts at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to restrict the distribution of many different drugs from blood to the brain. Previous data suggest an age-associated decrease in the expression and function of ABCB1 at the BBB. In the present study, we investigated the influence of age on the magnitude of an ABCB1-mediated drug-drug interaction (DDI) at the BBB. METHODS We performed positron emission tomography scans using the model ABCB1 substrate (R)-[11 C]verapamil in five young [26 ± 1 years, (mean ± standard deviation)] and five elderly (68 ± 6 years) healthy male volunteers before and after intravenous administration of a low dose of the ABCB1 inhibitor tariquidar (3 mg kg-1 ). RESULTS In baseline scans, the total distribution volume (VT ) of (R)-[11 C]verapamil in whole-brain grey matter was not significantly different between the elderly (VT = 0.78 ± 0.15) and young (VT = 0.79 ± 0.10) group. After partial (incomplete) ABCB1 inhibition, VT values were significantly higher (P = 0.040) in the elderly (VT = 1.08 ± 0.15) than in the young (VT = 0.80 ± 0.18) group. The percentage increase in (R)-[11 C]verapamil VT following partial ABCB1 inhibition was significantly greater (P = 0.032) in elderly (+40 ± 17%) than in young (+2 ± 17%) volunteers. Tariquidar plasma concentrations were not significantly different between the young (786 ± 178 nmol l-1 ) and elderly (1116 ± 347 nmol l-1 ) group. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the first direct evidence of an increased risk for ABCB1-mediated DDIs at the BBB in elderly persons, which may have important consequences for pharmacotherapy of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Rudolf Karch
- Centre for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile Philippe
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Jäger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Stanek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Centre for Biomarker Research in Medicine - CBmed GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
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Matsuda A, Karch R, Bauer M, Traxl A, Zeitlinger M, Langer O. A Prediction Method for P-glycoprotein-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions at the Human Blood-Brain Barrier From Blood Concentration-Time Profiles, Validated With PET Data. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2780-2786. [PMID: 28385544 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to predict in humans the brain concentration-time profiles and P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated brain drug-drug interactions between the model Pgp substrate (R)-[11C]verapamil (VPM), the model dual Pgp/breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) substrate [11C]tariquidar (TQD), and the Pgp inhibitor tariquidar. The model predictions were validated with results from positron emission tomography studies in humans. Using these physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, the differences between predicted and observed areas under the concentration-time curves (AUC) of VPM and TQD in the brain were within a 1.2-fold and 2.5-fold range, respectively. Also, brain AUC increases of VPM and TQD after Pgp inhibitor administration were predicted with 2.5-fold accuracy when in vitro inhibition constant or half-maximum inhibitory concentration values of tariquidar were used. The predicted rank order of the magnitude of AUC increases reflected the results of the clinical positron emission tomography studies. Our results suggest that the established models can predict brain exposure from the respective blood concentration-time profiles and rank the magnitude of the Pgp-mediated brain drug-drug interaction potential for both Pgp and Pgp/BCRP substrates in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Matsuda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Karch
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Traxl
- Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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33
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van Vliet EA, Dedeurwaerdere S, Cole AJ, Friedman A, Koepp MJ, Potschka H, Immonen R, Pitkänen A, Federico P. WONOEP appraisal: Imaging biomarkers in epilepsy. Epilepsia 2016; 58:315-330. [PMID: 27883181 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging offers a wide range of opportunities to obtain information about neuronal activity, brain inflammation, blood-brain barrier alterations, and various molecular alterations during epileptogenesis or for the prediction of pharmacoresponsiveness as well as postoperative outcome. Imaging biomarkers were examined during the XIII Workshop on Neurobiology of Epilepsy (XIII WONOEP) organized in 2015 by the Neurobiology Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). Here we present an extended summary of the discussed issues and provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the biomarker potential of different neuroimaging approaches for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew J Cole
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Matthias J Koepp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heidrun Potschka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Riikka Immonen
- Department of Neurobiology, A I Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- Department of Neurobiology, A I Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paolo Federico
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Bauer M, Römermann K, Karch R, Wulkersdorfer B, Stanek J, Philippe C, Maier‐Salamon A, Haslacher H, Jungbauer C, Wadsak W, Jäger W, Löscher W, Hacker M, Zeitlinger M, Langer O. Pilot PET Study to Assess the Functional Interplay Between ABCB1 and ABCG2 at the Human Blood-Brain Barrier. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 100:131-41. [PMID: 26940368 PMCID: PMC4979595 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
ABCB1 and ABCG2 work together at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to limit brain distribution of dual ABCB1/ABCG2 substrates. In this pilot study we used positron emission tomography (PET) to assess brain distribution of two model ABCB1/ABCG2 substrates ([(11) C]elacridar and [(11) C]tariquidar) in healthy subjects without (c.421CC) or with (c.421CA) the ABCG2 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) c.421C>A. Subjects underwent PET scans under conditions when ABCB1 and ABCG2 were functional and during ABCB1 inhibition with high-dose tariquidar. In contrast to the ABCB1-selective substrate (R)-[(11) C]verapamil, [(11) C]elacridar and [(11) C]tariquidar showed only moderate increases in brain distribution during ABCB1 inhibition. This provides evidence for a functional interplay between ABCB1 and ABCG2 at the human BBB and suggests that both ABCB1 and ABCG2 need to be inhibited to achieve substantial increases in brain distribution of dual ABCB1/ABCG2 substrates. During ABCB1 inhibition c.421CA subjects had significantly higher increases in [(11) C]tariquidar brain distribution than c.421CC subjects, pointing to impaired cerebral ABCG2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bauer
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - K Römermann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & PharmacyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineHannoverGermany
| | - R Karch
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent SystemsMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - B Wulkersdorfer
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - J Stanek
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Health and Environment DepartmentAIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbHSeibersdorfAustria
| | - C Philippe
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image‐guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - A Maier‐Salamon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and DiagnosticsUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - H Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - C Jungbauer
- Austrian Red Cross Blood Transfusion ServicesViennaAustria
| | - W Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image‐guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Medical Imaging ClusterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - W Jäger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and DiagnosticsUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - W Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & PharmacyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineHannoverGermany
| | - M Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image‐guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Medical Imaging ClusterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - M Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - O Langer
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Health and Environment DepartmentAIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbHSeibersdorfAustria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging und Image‐guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Medical Imaging ClusterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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35
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Damont A, Goutal S, Auvity S, Valette H, Kuhnast B, Saba W, Tournier N. Imaging the impact of cyclosporin A and dipyridamole on P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) function at the blood-brain barrier: A [(11)C]-N-desmethyl-loperamide PET study in nonhuman primates. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 91:98-104. [PMID: 27283486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) and dipyridamole (DPy) are potent inhibitors of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp; ABCB1) in vitro. Their efficacy at inhibiting P-gp at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is difficult to predict. Efficient and readily available (i.e. marketed) P-gp inhibitors are needed as probes to investigate the role of P-gp at the human BBB. In this study, the P-gp inhibition potency at the BBB of therapeutic doses of CsA or DPy was evaluated in baboons using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging with [(11)C]-N-desmethyl-loperamide ([(11)C]dLop), a radiolabeled P-gp substrate. The preparation of dLop as authentic standard and [(11)C]dLop as radiotracer were revisited so as to improve their production yields. [(11)C]dLop PET imaging was performed in the absence (n=3, baseline condition) and the presence of CsA (15mg/kg/h i.v., n=3). Three animals were injected with i.v. DPy at either 0.56 or 0.96 or 2mg/kg (n=1), corresponding to the usual, maximal and twice the maximal dose in patients, respectively, administered immediately before PET. [(11)C]dLop brain kinetics as well as [(11)C]dLop kinetics and radiometabolites in arterial plasma were measured to calculate [(11)C]dLop area-under the time-activity curve from 10 to 30min in the brain (AUCbrain) and in plasma (AUCplasma). [(11)C]dLop brain uptake was described by AUCR=AUCbrain/AUCplasma. CsA as well as DPy did not measurably influence [(11)C]dLop plasma kinetics and metabolism. Baseline AUCR (0.85±0.29) was significantly enhanced in the presence of CsA (AUCR=10.8±3.6). Injection of pharmacologic dose of DPy did not enhance [(11)C]dLop brain distribution with AUCR being 1.2, 0.9 and 1.1 after administration of 0.56, 0.96 and 2mg/kg DPy doses, respectively. We used [(11)C]dLop PET imaging in baboons, a relevant in vivo model of P-gp function at the BBB, to show the P-gp inhibition potency of therapeutic dose CsA. Despite in vitro P-gp inhibition potency, usual doses DPy are not likely to inhibit P-gp function at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelaure Damont
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Sébastien Goutal
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Sylvain Auvity
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Héric Valette
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Bertrand Kuhnast
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Wadad Saba
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France.
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36
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Yuede CM, Lee H, Restivo JL, Davis TA, Hettinger JC, Wallace CE, Young KL, Hayne MR, Bu G, Li CZ, Cirrito JR. Rapid in vivo measurement of β-amyloid reveals biphasic clearance kinetics in an Alzheimer's mouse model. J Exp Med 2016; 213:677-85. [PMID: 27069115 PMCID: PMC4854730 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of β-amyloid peptide is a key step in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. Yuede et al. propose a novel method to track β-amyloid levels in vivo. Findings from genetic, animal model, and human studies support the observation that accumulation of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in the brain plays a central role in the pathogenic cascade of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Human studies suggest that one key factor leading to accumulation is a defect in brain Aβ clearance. We have developed a novel microimmunoelectrode (MIE) to study the kinetics of Aβ clearance using an electrochemical approach. This is the first study using MIEs in vivo to measure rapid changes in Aβ levels in the brains of living mice. Extracellular, interstitial fluid (ISF) Aβ levels were measured in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Baseline levels of Aβ40 in the ISF are relatively stable and begin to decline within minutes of blocking Aβ production with a γ-secretase inhibitor. Pretreatment with a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, which blocks blood–brain barrier transport of Aβ, resulted in significant prolongation of Aβ40 half-life, but only in the latter phase of Aβ clearance from the ISF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Yuede
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Hyo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jessica L Restivo
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Todd A Davis
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jane C Hettinger
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Clare E Wallace
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Katherine L Young
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Margaret R Hayne
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Nanobioengineering/Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
| | - John R Cirrito
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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37
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Wrobel JK, Toborek M. Blood-brain Barrier Remodeling during Brain Metastasis Formation. Mol Med 2016; 22:32-40. [PMID: 26837070 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the process of metastatic progression has improved markedly over the past decades, yet metastasis remains the most enigmatic component of cancer pathogenesis. This lack of knowledge has serious health-related implications, since metastasis is responsible for 90% of all cancer-related mortalities. The brain is considered a sanctuary site for metastatic tumor growth, where the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and other components of the brain microenvironment, provide protection to the tumor cells from immune surveillance, chemotherapeutics and other potentially harmful substances. The interactions between tumor cells and the brain microenvironment, principally brain vascular endothelium, are the critical determinants in their progression toward metastasis, dormancy, or clearance. This review discusses current knowledge of the biology of metastatic progression, with a particular focus on the tumor cell migration and colonization in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda K Wrobel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America.,Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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