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Chiodi D, Ishihara Y. The role of the methoxy group in approved drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116364. [PMID: 38781921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The methoxy substituent is prevalent in natural products and, consequently, is present in many natural product-derived drugs. It has also been installed in modern drug molecules with no remnant of natural product features because medicinal chemists have been taking advantage of the benefits that this small functional group can bestow on ligand-target binding, physicochemical properties, and ADME parameters. Herein, over 230 methoxy-containing small-molecule drugs, as well as several fluoromethoxy-containing drugs, are presented from the vantage point of the methoxy group. Biochemical mechanisms of action, medicinal chemistry SAR studies, and numerous X-ray cocrystal structures are analyzed to identify the precise role of the methoxy group for many of the drugs and drug classes. Although the methoxy substituent can be considered as the hybridization of a hydroxy and a methyl group, the combination of these functionalities often results in unique effects that can amount to more than the sum of the individual parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Chiodi
- Department of Chemistry, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Vividion Therapeutics, 5820 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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Huang P, Cheng H, Ji J, Zhang W, Ma J, Wei D, Ren L. LncRNA Miat knockdown enhances pirarubicin-mediated anticancer sensitivity in breast cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:23-30. [PMID: 37598394 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Pirarubicin (THP) is a widely used antitumor agent in clinical practice, but its reduced sensitivity during treatment has limited its use. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of LncRNA Miat knockdown in improving THP sensitivity. We assessed the role of Miat overexpression/knockdown on THP-mediated 4T1 anticancer activity by CCK8, TUNEL, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, Transwell, Ca2+ , real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. The results showed that Miat expression was higher in 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells than in HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells, while THP decreased Miat expression in 4T1. Miat knockdown in combination with further reduced cell viability, promoted apoptosis and inhibited migration compared to THP alone. This may be related to the reduction of calcium ions in 4T1. In conclusion, Miat knockdown enhanced the sensitivity of THP to 4T1 by inhibiting calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyuan Cheng
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahua Ji
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiulong Ma
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dexian Wei
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqun Ren
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Pechar M, Pola R, Studenovský M, Bláhová M, Grosmanová E, Dydowiczová A, Filipová M, Islam R, Gao S, Fang J, Etrych T. Polymer nanomedicines with enzymatically triggered activation: A comparative study of in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer efficacy related to the spacer structure. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 46:102597. [PMID: 36064033 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanomedicines with anti-tumor activity should exhibit sufficient stability during systemic circulation to the target tissue; however, they should release the active drug selectively in the tumor. Thus, choice of a tumor-specific stimuli-sensitive spacer between the drug and the carrier is critical. Here, a series of polymer conjugates of anti-cancer drugs doxorubicin and pirarubicin covalently bound to copolymers based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide via various enzymatically cleavable oligopeptide spacers were prepared and characterized. The highest rate of the drug release from the polymer carriers in presence of the lysosomal protease cathepsin B was determined for the copolymers with Val-Cit-Aba spacer. Copolymers containing pirarubicin were more cytotoxic and showed higher internalization rate than the corresponding doxorubicin counterparts. The conjugates containing GFLG and Val-Cit-Aba spacers exhibited the highest anti-tumor efficacy in vivo against murine sarcoma S-180, the highest rate of the enzymatically catalyzed drug release, and the highest cytotoxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pechar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Pola
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Studenovský
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Bláhová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Grosmanová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Dydowiczová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Filipová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Rayhanul Islam
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Shanghui Gao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Jun Fang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Effects of Surgery Combined with Different Chemotherapy on Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase-1 in Children with Neuroblastoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8319221. [PMID: 35847358 PMCID: PMC9277205 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8319221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common extracranial malignancy in children and accounts for 15% of all cancer-related deaths in children, with the 5-year survival of patients in an advanced stage being lower than 40%. Preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy has been reported to facilitate surgical resection and improve the 2-year survival of patients. Objective To analyze the efficacy of surgery plus different chemotherapy on children with NB and to investigate the correlation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) with chemotherapy efficacy. Methods From April 2005 to May 2017, a total of 92 cases of NB treated in our hospital were assessed for eligibility and recruited. They were assigned at a ratio of 1: 1 to receive either CAV (cyclophosphamide + vincristine + adriamycin) (group A) and EP (etoposide + cisplatin) alternately or TOPO (topotecan) + CTX (cytoxan) + CiE (etoposide + cisplatin) + CPV (cyclophosphamide + pirarubicin + vincristine) (group B). The outcome measures include chemotherapy efficacy, surgical resection rates, complications, 2-year recurrence, and 2-year survival. The levels of NK cells, CD4+/CD8+ cells, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and urine catecholamine (VMA) in peripheral blood of patients before and after initial chemotherapy were determined to analyze the correlation of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and VMA with the efficacy of chemotherapy. Results The two groups had similar efficacy (84.00% vs. 95.24%) and surgical resection rates (60.00% vs. 61.90%) after the initial chemotherapy (P > 0.05). Surgery for all eligible patients was successful after second chemotherapy. All eligible patients showed myelosuppression after chemotherapy, including 48 cases with stages I-II (52.17%) and 44 cases with stages III-IV (47.83%). The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and VMA expression levels in peripheral blood of patients decreased (P < 0.05) after chemotherapy, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells was further reduced after surgery (P < 0.05), while natural killer (NK) cells levels increased (P < 0.05). However, intergroup differences were absent in the incidence of myelosuppression, CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio, NK cells, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and VMA expression levels (P > 0.05). MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were positively correlated with VMA (P < 0.05), and the expression levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and VMA after chemotherapy were negatively correlated with chemotherapy efficiency (P < 0.05). Patients with high expressions of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and VMA were associated with lower 2-year survival versus those with low expressions (P < 0.05). Conclusion Surgery plus chemotherapy for children with NB yields a promising clinical efficacy and a favorable surgical resection outcome. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 may be the potential biological indicators for chemotherapy efficiency and have a reference value for following surgical treatment of patients.
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Effect of Tumor Targeted-Anthracycline Nanomedicine, HPMA Copolymer-Conjugated Pirarubicin (P-THP) against Gynecological Malignancies. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050814. [PMID: 35629236 PMCID: PMC9143157 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines are important for the treatment of gynecological malignancies, but their effects are modest, and one of the major reasons is the lack of a tumor-targeting property. To overcome this drawback, a poly (hydroxypropyl meta-acrylamide) conjugated with tetrahydropyraryl doxorubicin (P-THP) has been developed, which exhibits a highly tumor-specific accumulation owing to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The effect of P-THP has been confirmed by using various cell lines and solid tumor models, while its effect on gynecological malignancies have not been investigated. In this regard, human uterine sarcoma cell line with metastatic potential MEA-SA C9 high, epithelial ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant line A2780cis, and DOX-resistant line A2780ADR were used in this study, and the therapeutic effect as well as the safety profiles of P-THP were investigated compared to native THP, cisplatin, and paclitaxel, which are commonly used for gynecological malignancies, both in vitro and in vivo. Similar to native THP, a dose-dependent toxicity of P-THP was identified in all cell lines. Moreover, the IC50 values in the 3 h following P-THP were 1.5–10 times higher than those at 72 h, though the intracellular uptake of P-THP in all cells were 2–10-fold less than THP. In vivo studies using xenograft tumor models revealed that P-THP significantly suppressed the MES-SA C9 high, A2780, and A2780cis tumor growth at the dose of 15 mg/kg (THP equivalent), which is three times above the maximal tolerance dose of native THP, while no body weight loss or acute death occurred. However, in A2780ADR cells and the xenograft model, no significant difference in the therapeutic effect was observed between THP and P-THP, suggesting that P-THP exhibits its effect depending on the release of the active free THP in tumor tissues, and thus the internalization into tumor cells. These findings indicates that P-THP has the potential as a therapeutic for gynecological malignancies to improve the therapeutic outcomes and survival rates of patients, even in refractory patients.
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Tumor Stimulus-Responsive Biodegradable Diblock Copolymer Conjugates as Efficient Anti-Cancer Nanomedicines. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050698. [PMID: 35629120 PMCID: PMC9145326 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable nanomedicines are widely studied as candidates for the effective treatment of various cancerous diseases. Here, we present the design, synthesis and evaluation of biodegradable polymer-based nanomedicines tailored for tumor-associated stimuli-sensitive drug release and polymer system degradation. Diblock polymer systems were developed, which enabled the release of the carrier drug, pirarubicin, via a pH-sensitive spacer allowing for the restoration of the drug cytotoxicity solely in the tumor tissue. Moreover, the tailored design enables the matrix-metalloproteinases- or reduction-driven degradation of the polymer system into the polymer chains excretable from the body by glomerular filtration. Diblock nanomedicines take advantage of an enhanced EPR effect during the initial phase of nanomedicine pharmacokinetics and should be easily removed from the body after tumor microenvironment-associated biodegradation after fulfilling their role as a drug carrier. In parallel with the similar release profiles of diblock nanomedicine to linear polymer conjugates, these diblock polymer conjugates showed a comparable in vitro cytotoxicity, intracellular uptake, and intratumor penetration properties. More importantly, the diblock nanomedicines showed a remarkable in vivo anti-tumor efficacy, which was far more superior than conventional linear polymer conjugates. These findings suggested the advanced potential of diblock polymer conjugates for anticancer polymer therapeutics.
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Anees M, Tiwari S, Mehrotra N, Kharbanda S, Singh H. Development and Evaluation of PLA Based Hybrid Block Copolymeric Nanoparticles for Systemic Delivery of Pirarubicin as an Anti-Cancer Agent. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121761. [PMID: 35472512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pirarubicin (PIRA) is a semi-synthetic anthracycline derivative that is reported to have lesser toxicity and better clinical outcomes as compared to its parental form doxorubicin (DOX). However, long term use of PIRA causes bone marrow suppression and severe cardiotoxicity to the recipients. Herein, we have developed a biodegradable polymeric nano platform consisting of amphiphilic di-block copolymer methoxy polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid and a hydrophobic penta-block copolymer polylactic acid-pluronic L-61-polylactic acid as a hybrid system to prepare PIRA (& DOX) encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs) with an aim to reduce its off targeted toxicity and enhance therapeutic efficacy for cancer therapy. Prepared PIRA/DOX NPs showed uniform particle size distribution, high encapsulation efficiency and sustained drug release profile. Cytotoxicity evaluation of PIRA NPs against TNBC cells and mammospheres showed its superior anti-cancer activity over DOX NPs. Anti-cancer efficacy of PIRA/DOX NPs was found significantly enhanced in presence of penta-block copolymer which confirmed chemo-sensitising ability of pluronic L-61. Most importantly, encapsulation of PIRA/DOX in the NPs reduced their off targeted toxicity and increased the maximum tolerated dose in BALB/c mice. Moreover, treatment of EAC tumor harbouring mice with PIRA NPs resulted in higher tumor regression as compared with the groups treated with free PIRA, free DOX or DOX NPs. Altogether, the results conclude that prepared PIRA NPs exhibits an excellent anti-cancer therapeutic efficacy and has a strong potential for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Anees
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, INDIA
| | - Sachchidanand Tiwari
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, INDIA
| | - Neha Mehrotra
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, INDIA
| | - Surender Kharbanda
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA
| | - Harpal Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, INDIA; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, INDIA.
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Makimoto A, Fang J, Maeda H. Development of a Selective Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery System: Hydroxypropyl-Acrylamide Polymer-Conjugated Pirarubicin (P-THP) for Pediatric Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153698. [PMID: 34359599 PMCID: PMC8345214 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hydroxypropyl acrylamide polymer-conjugated pirarubicin (P-THP), an innovative polymer-conjugated anticancer agent, theoretically has highly tumor-specific distribution via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. While anthracyclines are extremely important in the treatment of most pediatric solid tumors, P-THP may serve as a less toxic and more effective substitute for conventional anthracyclines in both newly diagnosed and refractory/recurrent pediatric cancers. Abstract Most pediatric cancers are highly chemo-sensitive, and cytotoxic chemotherapy has always been the mainstay of treatment. Anthracyclines are highly effective against most types of childhood cancer, such as neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, nephroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and so forth. However, acute and chronic cardiotoxicity, one of the major disadvantages of anthracycline use, limits their utility and effectiveness. Hydroxypropyl acrylamide polymer-conjugated pirarubicin (P-THP), which targets tumor tissue highly selectively via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and secondarily releases active pirarubicin molecules quickly into the acidic environment surrounding the tumor. Although, the latter rarely occurs in the non-acidic environment surrounding normal tissue. This mechanism has the potential to minimize acute and chronic toxicities, including cardiotoxicity, as well as maximize the efficacy of chemotherapy through synergy with tumor-targeting accumulation of the active molecules and possible dose-escalation. Simply replacing doxorubicin with P-THP in a given regimen can improve outcomes in anthracycline-sensitive pediatric cancers with little risk of adverse effects, such as cardiotoxicity. As cancer is a dynamic disease showing intra-tumoral heterogeneity during its course, continued parallel development of cytotoxic agents and molecular targeting agents is necessary to find potentially more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Makimoto
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo 183-8561, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-300-5111 (ext. 5177)
| | - Jun Fang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- BioDynamics Research Foundation, Kumamoto 862-0954, Japan;
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 862-0954, Japan
- Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Nonaka M, Hosoda H, Uezono Y. Cancer treatment-related cardiovascular disease: Current status and future research priorities. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114599. [PMID: 33989656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
With the development of new drugs, such as molecular-targeted drugs, and multidisciplinary therapies, cancer treatment outcomes have improved, and the number of cancer survivors is increasing every year. However, some chemotherapeutic agents cause cardiovascular complications (cancer treatment-related cardiovascular disease, CTRCVD), which affect the life prognosis and quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients. Therefore, it is necessary to select treatment methods that take into account the prognosis and QOL of cancer patients, and to take measures against CTRCVD. The mechanism of cardiotoxicity of high-risk drugs, such as doxorubicin and HER2 inhibitors, are still unclear; genetic factors, and cardiovascular disease risk factors (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes) are associated with CTRCVD progression. The establishment of methods for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of CTRCVD and the generation of evidence for these methods are needed. It is also necessary to develop screening methods for chemotherapy cardiotoxicity. In this review, we discuss the current status of CTRCVD, its complications, and expected countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Nonaka
- Department of Pain Control Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan(1)
| | - Hiroshi Hosoda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1, Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita-City, Osaka 564-8565, Japan(1)
| | - Yasuhito Uezono
- Department of Pain Control Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan(1); Department of Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Supportive and Palliative Care Research Support Office, National Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-City, Chiba 277-8577, Japan; Project for Supportive Care Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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Maeda H. The 35th Anniversary of the Discovery of EPR Effect: A New Wave of Nanomedicines for Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery-Personal Remarks and Future Prospects. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030229. [PMID: 33810037 PMCID: PMC8004895 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect commemorates the 35th anniversary of its discovery, the original 1986 Matsumura and Maeda finding being published in Cancer Research as a new concept in cancer chemotherapy. My review here describes the history and heterogeneity of the EPR effect, which involves defective tumor blood vessels and blood flow. We reported that restoring obstructed tumor blood flow overcomes impaired drug delivery, leading to improved EPR effects. I also discuss gaps between small animal cancers used in experimental models and large clinical cancers in humans, which usually involve heterogeneous EPR effects, vascular abnormalities in multiple necrotic foci, and tumor emboli. Here, I emphasize arterial infusion of oily formulations of nanodrugs into tumor-feeding arteries, which is the most tumor-selective drug delivery method, with tumor/blood ratios of 100-fold. This method is literally the most personalized medicine because arterial infusions differ for each patient, and drug doses infused depend on tumor size and anatomy in each patient. Future developments in EPR effect-based treatment will range from chemotherapy to photodynamic therapy, boron neutron capture therapy, and therapies for free radical diseases. This review focuses on our own work, which stimulated numerous scientists to perform research in nanotechnology and drug delivery systems, thereby spawning a new cancer treatment era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Maeda
- BioDynamics Research Foundation, Kumamoto 862-0954, Japan;
- Department of Microbiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 862-0954, Japan
- Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Osaka University Medical School, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Islam R, Maeda H, Fang J. Factors affecting the dynamics and heterogeneity of the EPR effect: pathophysiological and pathoanatomic features, drug formulations and physicochemical factors. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 19:199-212. [PMID: 33430661 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1874916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect serves as the foundation of anticancer nanomedicine design. EPR effect-based drug delivery is an effective strategy for most solid tumors. However, the degree of efficacy depends on the pathophysiological conditions of tumors, drug formulations, and other factors. AREAS COVERED Vascular mediators including nitric oxide, bradykinin , and prostaglandins are vital for facilitating and maintaining EPR effect dynamics. Progression to large, advanced cancers may induce activated blood coagulation cascades, which lead to thrombus formation in tumor vasculature. Rapidly growing tumors cause obstructed or suppressed blood flow in tumor vasculature related to embolism or occluded blood vessels. The resulting limited tumor blood flow leads to less drug delivered to tumors, i.e. no or poor EPR effect. High stromal content also suppresses vascular permeability and drug diffusion. Restoring obstructed tumor blood flow and improving tumor vascular permeability via vascular mediators will improve drug delivery and the EPR effect. Physicochemical features of nanomedicines also influence therapeutic outcomes and are vital for the EPR effect. EXPERT OPINION The tumor microenvironment, especially tumor blood flow, is critical for a potent EPR effect. A rational strategy for circumventing EPR effect barriers must include restoring tumor blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayhanul Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- BioDynamics Research Foundation, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Takano S, Islam W, Nakazawa K, Maeda H, Sakurai K, Fujii S. Phosphorylcholine-Grafted Molecular Bottlebrush-Doxorubicin Conjugates: High Structural Stability, Long Circulation in Blood, and Efficient Anticancer Activity. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:1186-1196. [PMID: 33378181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the particle structure of tumor-targeting nanomedicines in vivo remains challenging but must be achieved to control their in vivo fate and functions. Molecular bottlebrushes (MBs), where brush side chains are densely grafted from a main chain, have recently received attention as building blocks of polymer-based prodrugs because their rigid structure would be expected to demonstrate high structural stability in vivo. Here, we synthesized a poly(methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (pMPC)-grafted molecular bottlebrush (PCMB) conjugated with a cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), via an acid-cleavable hydrazone bond. A pMPC-based linear polymer (LP) conjugated with DOX was also prepared for comparison. We confirmed the lack of structural transition in the PCMB between before and after conjugation with DOX using small-angle light and X-ray scattering techniques, whereas the structure of LP was significantly influenced by DOX conjugation and transformed from a random-coil structure to a large agglomerate via hydrophobic interactions among DOXs. Although PCMB-DOX and LP-DOX showed comparable tissue permeability, pharmacokinetics, and ability to accumulate in tumor tissues, the antitumor efficacy of PCMB-DOX was better than that of LP-DOX. This was presumably due to the formation of LP-DOX agglomerates. The diffusion of cleaved DOX would be restricted in the hydrophobic core of the agglomerate, resulting in the DOX release at the tumor site being compromised. In contrast to LP-DOX, DOX release from PCMB-DOX was not compromised after accumulation in tumor tissues because it did not form such an agglomerate, resulting in the strong antitumor effect. We have demonstrated the potential of MBs as building blocks of drug carriers and believe that these findings can contribute to the design of polymer-based nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Waliul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Biodynamics Research Foundation, Kumamoto 862-0954, Japan
| | - Kohji Nakazawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Biodynamics Research Foundation, Kumamoto 862-0954, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
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Tsukigawa K, Imoto S, Yamasaki K, Nishi K, Tsutsumi T, Yokoyama S, Ishima Y, Otagiri M. Synthesis and In Vitro Assessment of pH-Sensitive Human Serum Albumin Conjugates of Pirarubicin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:ph14010022. [PMID: 33396604 PMCID: PMC7823624 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we reported on the development of a synthetic polymer conjugate of pirarubicin (THP) that was formed via an acid-labile hydrazone bond between the polymer and the THP. However, the synthetic polymer itself was non-biodegradable, which could lead to unexpected adverse effects. Human serum albumin (HSA), which has a high biocompatibility and good biodegradability, is also a potent carrier for delivering antitumor drugs. The objective of this study was to develop pH-sensitive HSA conjugates of THP (HSA-THP), and investigate the release of THP and the cytotoxicity under acidic conditions in vitro for further clinical development. HSA-THP was synthesized by conjugating maleimide hydrazone derivatives of THP with poly-thiolated HSA using 2-iminothiolane, via a thiol-maleimide coupling reaction. We synthesized two types of HSA-THP that contained different amounts of THP (HSA-THP2 and HSA-THP4). Free THP was released from both of the HSA conjugates more rapidly at an acidic pH, and the rates of release for HSA-THP2 and HSA-THP4 were similar. Moreover, both HSA-THPs exhibited a higher cytotoxicity at acidic pH than at neutral pH, which is consistent with the effective liberation of free THP under acidic conditions. These findings suggest that these types of HSA-THPs are promising candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tsukigawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.T.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (K.N.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Shuhei Imoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.T.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (K.N.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.T.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (K.N.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Koji Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.T.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (K.N.)
| | - Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino-machi, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan; (T.T.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shoko Yokoyama
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino-machi, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan; (T.T.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan;
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.T.); (S.I.); (K.Y.); (K.N.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-96-326-3887
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14
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Nakamura H. [Development of Tumor-targeting Antitumor Agents Based on Polymer Effect]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:1243-1249. [PMID: 32999203 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here the author describes the tumor-selective delivery of a fluorescence photosensitizing agent and an antitumor agent, based on the polymer effect of an N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) based copolymer, by utilizing the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect seen in solid tumors. Firstly, the tumor distribution of the photosensitizer, zinc-protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), was significantly increased by conjugation with the HPMA polymer (P-ZnPP). The P-ZnPP suppressed tumor growth by local generation of cytotoxic singlet oxygen, and the tumor tissue was visualized by fluorescence upon light irradiation. Subsequently, a two-step mechanism for tumor selectivity was observed for the cytotoxic anthracycline, pirarubicin (THP), which conjugated the HPMA-based copolymer via a hydrazone bond (P-THP). The EPR-dependent accumulation of P-THP and the tumor-selective release of THP in the tumor tissues led to highly tumor-selective toxicity. Rapid cell uptake of THP compared to other anthracyclines, and deeper P-THP penetration of the tumor cell spheroid were attributed to the superior antitumor activity of P-THP. The molecular weight of P-THP affected its antitumor activity; oligomeric P-THP derivatives with higher molecular weights, DP-THP and SP-THP, showed even higher antitumor activity. P-THP was effective for both implanted tumor and autochthonous tumor models. These results indicate that nano-sized anticancer drugs based on polymer effect are promising clinical therapeutics.
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15
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Xu LJ, Rong SS, Xu YS, Zheng LB, Qiu WY, Zhang X, Jiang LJ, Duan RP, Tian T, Yao YF. Anti-fibrosis potential of pirarubicin via inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death in rabbit conjunctiva. Exp Eye Res 2020; 200:108215. [PMID: 32896532 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential efficacy of pirarubicin (THP) in modulating rabbit conjunctival fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo and characterized the underlying mechanisms. Primary rabbit conjunctival fibroblasts (RCF) were cultured and treated with THP or mitomycin C (MMC) for 5 min, followed by assaying for cell viability, cell cycle distribution, apoptotic and autophagic pathways. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chemotaxis of macrophages by RCF were evaluated using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) labeling and transwell migration assay, respectively. Limbal stem cell excision in combination with alkali burn was performed on the rabbits to establish a model of limbal deficiency and conjunctival fibro-vascular invasion. After three months, the modeled fibro-vascular tissue was excised combined with topical subconjunctival 5-min exposure to THP compared with MMC intraoperatively. The recurrence of postoperative fibrosis and the expression of apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation markers were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. All modeled rabbits developed conjunctival fibro-vascular lesions, which were similar to human recurrent pterygium (HRP). Both THP and MMC inhibited RCF proliferation and arrested cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. In particular, 7.5 μmol/L THP remarkably promoted RCF autophagy by upregulating the levels of Beclin 1, Atg 5/12 conjugate, and LC3B, whereas, 15 μmol/L THP significantly triggered a cascade of mitochondrial-associated RCF apoptosis. THP induced the production of ROS and enhanced the chemoattraction of macrophages by RCF. Similar to 600 μmol/L MMC, both 7.5 μmol/L and 15 μmol/L THP attenuated postoperative conjunctival fibrosis in the models; 7.5 μmol/L THP preferentially enhanced autophagy while causing fewer side effects. THP exerted its antifibrotic action by modulating autophagy in RCF, inducing cell cycle arrest, and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. THP at the dose of 7.5 μmol/L prevented postoperative conjunctival fibrosis in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 321006, China
| | - Shi-Song Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ye-Sheng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 321006, China
| | - Li-Bin Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 321006, China
| | - Wen-Ya Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 321006, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 321006, China
| | - Lou-Jing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 321006, China
| | - Run-Ping Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 321006, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 321006, China
| | - Yu-Feng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 321006, China.
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16
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Exploiting the dynamics of the EPR effect and strategies to improve the therapeutic effects of nanomedicines by using EPR effect enhancers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:142-160. [PMID: 32553783 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is a unique phenomenon of solid tumors that is related to their particular anatomical and pathophysiological characteristics, e.g. defective vascular architecture; large gaps between endothelial cells in blood vessels; abundant vascular mediators such as bradykinin, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and vascular endothelial growth factor; and impaired lymphatic recovery. These features lead to tumor tissues showing considerable extravasation of plasma components and nanomedicines. These data comprise the basic theory underlying the development of macromolecular agents or nanomedicines. The EPR effect is not necessarily valid for all solid tumors, because tumor blood flow and vascular permeability vary greatly. Tumor blood flow is frequently obstructed as tumor size increases, as often seen clinically; early stage, small tumors show a more uniform EPR effect, whereas advanced large tumor show heterogeneity in EPR effect. Accordingly, it would be very important to apply enhancers of EPR effect in clinical setting to make EPR effect more uniform. In this review, we discuss the EPR effect: its history, factors involved, and dynamics and heterogeneity. Strategies to overcome the EPR effect's heterogeneity may guarantee better therapeutic outcomes of drug delivery to advanced cancers.
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17
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Rani S, Gupta U. HPMA-based polymeric conjugates in anticancer therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:997-1012. [PMID: 32334073 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer therapeutics has gained prominence due to an attractive structural polymer chemistry and its applications in diseases therapy. In this review, we discussed the development and capabilities of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) and HPMA-drug conjugates in cancer therapy. The design, architecture, and structural properties of HPMA make it a versatile system for the synthesis of polymeric conjugations for biomedical applications. Research suggests that HPMA could be a possible alternative for polymers such polyethylene glycol (PEG) in biomedical applications. Although numerous clinical trials of HPMA-drug conjugates are ongoing, yet no product has been successfully brought to the market. Thus, further research is required to develop HPMA-drug conjugates as successful cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Rani
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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18
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Peng Y, Bariwal J, Kumar V, Tan C, Mahato RI. Organic Nanocarriers for Delivery and Targeting of Therapeutic Agents for Cancer Treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Jitender Bariwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug DeliveryUniversity of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Ram I. Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
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19
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Xie B, Wan J, Chen X, Han W, Wang H. Preclinical Evaluation of a Cabazitaxel Prodrug Using Nanoparticle Delivery for the Treatment of Taxane-Resistant Malignancies. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:822-834. [PMID: 31848296 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Taxane-based chemotherapeutics are clinically available as frontline treatment regimens for cervical cancer. However, drug resistance and life-threatening toxicity impair the clinical efficacy of taxanes, so more effective and less toxic therapeutic modalities are urgently needed. Cabazitaxel has attracted increasing interest due to its potential to circumvent the drug resistance by taxanes. We previously showed that tethering docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to cabazitaxel enabled the prodrug to self-assemble into nanoparticles in water. Despite this encouraging finding, the DHA-cabazitaxel conjugate formulation requires further optimization to enhance nanoparticle retention and tumor delivery. We here integrated this conjugate into amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(D,L-lactic acid) copolymers to assemble dCTX NPs The nanoparticle abrogated P-glycoprotein-mediated resistance in cancer cells. In a docetaxel-resistant cervical tumor xenograft-bearing mouse model, the efficacy was augmented by the nanotherapy when compared with solution-based free drugs (i.e., docetaxel and cabazitaxel). Dose intensification of dCTX NPs markedly suppressed the tumor growth in this model. Detailed studies revealed that systemic toxicity was alleviated, and MTD of dCTX NPs was at least 3 times higher than that of free cabazitaxel in animals, which may enable dose increases for clinical studies. In conclusion, the new formulation addresses essential requirements in terms of the stability, safety, and translational capacity for initiating early-phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianqin Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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20
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Ding L, Gu W, Zhang Y, Yue S, Sun H, Cornelissen JJLM, Zhong Z. HER2-Specific Reduction-Sensitive Immunopolymersomes with High Loading of Epirubicin for Targeted Treatment of Ovarian Tumor. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3855-3863. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Gu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shujing Yue
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Huanli Sun
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jeroen J. L. M. Cornelissen
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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21
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Nakamura H, Koziolová E, Chytil P, Etrych T, Haratake M, Maeda H. Superior Penetration and Cytotoxicity of HPMA Copolymer Conjugates of Pirarubicin in Tumor Cell Spheroid. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3452-3459. [PMID: 31294568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer conjugates of pirarubicin (THP), P-THP, accumulates selectively in solid tumor tissue by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Despite of high accumulation in solid tumors, some macromolecular antitumor agents show poor therapeutic outcome because of poor tissue diffusion into the tumor as well as obstructed tumor blood flow. Here, we confirmed that cellular uptake of P-THP was 25 times less than that of free THP at 1-4 h incubation time in vitro. The passage of P-THP through the confluent tight-monolayer cells junction was 12 times higher than free THP, and P-THP penetrated deeper into the tumor cell spheroid (1.3-1.7-fold) than free THP in 4 h. In addition, P-THP showed cytotoxicity comparable to that of free THP to tumor-cells in spheroid form, despite of 7 times lower cytotoxicity of P-THP to the monolayer cells to that of free THP in vitro. These results indicate that P-THP administration can exhibit deeper diffusion into the tumor cell spheroid than free THP. As a consequence, P-THP exhibits more efficient antitumor activity than free THP in vivo, which is also supported by better pharmacokinetics and tumor accumulation of P-THP than free THP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sojo University , Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku , Kumamoto 860-0082 , Japan
| | - Eva Koziolová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Mamoru Haratake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sojo University , Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku , Kumamoto 860-0082 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Department of Microbiology , Kumamoto University School of Medical Sciences , Kumamoto , Japan.,BioDynamics Research Foundation , Kuwamizu 1-24-6, Chuo-ku , Kumamoto 862-0954 , Japan
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22
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Pradeepkumar P, Subbiah A, Rajan M. Synthesis of bio-degradable poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) using natural deep eutectic solvents for sustainable cancer drug delivery. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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23
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Xie L, Dai H, Li M, Yang W, Yu G, Wang X, Wang P, Liu W, Hu X, Zhao M. MARCH1 encourages tumour progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via regulation of PI3K-AKT-β-catenin pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3386-3401. [PMID: 30793486 PMCID: PMC6484336 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane‐associated RING‐CH‐1 (MARCH1) is a membrane‐anchored E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in a variety of cellular processes. MARCH1 was aberrantly expressed as a tumour promoter in ovarian cancer, but the signalling about the molecular mechanism has not yet been fully illuminated. Here, we first determined that MARCH1 was obviously highly expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma samples and cells. In addition, our findings demonstrated that the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma were suppressed, but the apoptosis was increased, as a result of MARCH1 knockdown by either siRNA targeting MARCH1 or pirarubicin treatment. Conversely, the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma were obviously accelerated, and the apoptosis was decreased, by transfecting the MARCH1 plasmid to make MARCH1 overexpressed. Moreover, in vivo, the results exhibited a significant inhibition of the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice, which were given an intra‐tumour injection of siRNA targeting MARCH1. Furthermore, our study concluded that MARCH1 functions as a tumour promoter, and its role was up‐regulated the PI3K‐AKT‐β‐catenin pathways both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our work determined that MARCH1 has an important role in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and may be used as a novel potential molecular therapeutic target in the future treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xie
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hanhan Dai
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Minjing Li
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Guohua Yu
- Department of Pathology, Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Mingdong Zhao
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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24
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Yan J, Song B, Hu W, Meng Y, Niu F, Han X, Ge Y, Li N. Antitumor Effect of GO-PEG-DOX Complex on EMT-6 Mouse Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2018; 33:125-130. [PMID: 29763376 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Doxorubicin (DOX) can be used to treat malignant tumors, but with multiple adverse effects. Graphene oxide-polyethylene glycol (GO-PEG) is a novel nanoscale carrier material and can elevate solubility and biocompatibility of drugs. This study prepared a GO-PEG-DOX complex, whose toxicity and antitumor effects were evaluated on mouse EMT-6 breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS GO-PEG-DOX complex was prepared for calculating the drug carrier rate of DOX on GO-PEG by MV approach. EMT-6 cells were treated with 40 μg/mL GO-PEG, 1 μg/mL DOX, or 40 μg/mL +1 μg/mL GO-PEG-DOX for 72 h of incubation. Cells without treatment were considered the control group. Cell survival rate and apoptotic rate were tested at different time points. RESULTS GO-PEG and GO-PEG-DOX complex were successfully prepared with satisfactory solubility. After 72 h of incubation, EMT-6 cells after GO-PEG-DOX treatment had significantly higher survival rate than GO-PEG group (p < 0.05). All three treatment groups had significantly elevated apoptotic rates than control group (p < 0.05). GO-PEG-DOX group had much more apoptosis (p < 0.05 compared with DOX group). Moreover, with elongated treatment time, all groups showed decreased survival rate (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION GO-PEG did not reduce the cytotoxicity of DOX on EMT-6 cells. GO-PEG-DOX complex can increase the water solubility and targeting sensitivity of DOX, with facilitating effects on DOX-induced tumor cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyin Yan
- 1 Breast Surgery Department, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Bo Song
- 2 Breast Surgery Department, Shandong Tengzhou Maternity and Children Care Hospital , Tengzhou, China
| | - Wanning Hu
- 1 Breast Surgery Department, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Ying Meng
- 1 Breast Surgery Department, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Fengling Niu
- 1 Breast Surgery Department, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaochen Han
- 1 Breast Surgery Department, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Yuhui Ge
- 1 Breast Surgery Department, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Ning Li
- 1 Breast Surgery Department, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
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Analyses of repeated failures in cancer therapy for solid tumors: poor tumor-selective drug delivery, low therapeutic efficacy and unsustainable costs. Clin Transl Med 2018. [PMID: 29541939 PMCID: PMC5852245 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For over six decades reductionist approaches to cancer chemotherapies including recent immunotherapy for solid tumors produced outcome failure-rates of 90% (±5) according to governmental agencies and industry. Despite tremendous public and private funding and initial enthusiasm about missile-therapy for site-specific cancers, molecular targeting drugs for specific enzymes such as kinases or inhibitors of growth factor receptors, the outcomes are very bleak and disappointing. Major scientific reasons for repeated failures of such therapeutic approaches are attributed to reductionist approaches to research and infinite numbers of genetic mutations in chaotic molecular environment of solid tumors that are bases of drug development. Safety and efficacy of candidate drugs tested in test tubes or experimental tumor models of rats or mice are usually evaluated and approved by FDA. Cost-benefit ratios of such ‘targeted’ therapies are also far from ideal as compared with antibiotics half a century ago. Such alarming records of failure of clinical outcomes, the increased publicity for specific vaccines (e.g., HPV or flu) targeting young and old populations, along with increasing rise of cancer incidence and death created huge and unsustainable cost to the public around the globe. This article discusses a closer scientific assessment of current cancer therapeutics and vaccines. We also present future logical approaches to cancer research and therapy and vaccines.
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26
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Atkinson SP, Andreu Z, Vicent MJ. Polymer Therapeutics: Biomarkers and New Approaches for Personalized Cancer Treatment. J Pers Med 2018; 8:E6. [PMID: 29360800 PMCID: PMC5872080 DOI: 10.3390/jpm8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer therapeutics (PTs) provides a potentially exciting approach for the treatment of many diseases by enhancing aqueous solubility and altering drug pharmacokinetics at both the whole organism and subcellular level leading to improved therapeutic outcomes. However, the failure of many polymer-drug conjugates in clinical trials suggests that we may need to stratify patients in order to match each patient to the right PT. In this concise review, we hope to assess potential PT-specific biomarkers for cancer treatment, with a focus on new studies, detection methods, new models and the opportunities this knowledge will bring for the development of novel PT-based anti-cancer strategies. We discuss the various "hurdles" that a given PT faces on its passage from the syringe to the tumor (and beyond), including the passage through the bloodstream, tumor targeting, tumor uptake and the intracellular release of the active agent. However, we also discuss other relevant concepts and new considerations in the field, which we hope will provide new insight into the possible applications of PT-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart P Atkinson
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Zoraida Andreu
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain.
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27
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Islam W, Fang J, Etrych T, Chytil P, Ulbrich K, Sakoguchi A, Kusakabe K, Maeda H. HPMA copolymer conjugate with pirarubicin: In vitro and ex vivo stability and drug release study. Int J Pharm 2017; 536:108-115. [PMID: 29133205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a tumor environment-responsive polymeric anticancer prodrug containing pirarubicin (THP) conjugated to N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer (PHPMA), [P-THP], through a spacer containing pH-sensitive hydrazone bond, that showed remarkable therapeutic effect against various tumor models and in a human pilot study. Toward clinical development, here we report THP release profile from its HPMA copolymer conjugate, the conjugate stability, protein and cell-binding and solubility of P-THP. Size exclusion chromatography of P-THP (molecular weight 38 kDa) showed similar hydrodynamic volume as bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous solution, with no apparent interactions with BSA, nor aggregation by itself. pH-responsive release of free THP was reconfirmed at pHs 6.5 and lower. The drug release was significantly affected by a type of used buffer. Phosphate buffer seems to facilitate faster hydrazone bond cleavage at pH 7.4 whereas higher stability was achieved in L-arginine solution which yielded only little cleavage and THP release, approx. 15% within 2 weeks at the same pH at 25 °C. Furthermore, ex vivo study using sera of different animal species showed very high stability of P-THP. Incubation with blood showed high stability of P-THP during circulation, without binding to blood cells. These findings revealed that L-arginine solution provides appropriate media for formulation of P-THP infusion solution as tumor-targeted polymeric anticancer drug based on EPR effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waliul Islam
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Nanoscience, School of Engineering, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Fang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Tomas Etrych
- The Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- The Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- The Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Akihiro Sakoguchi
- Department of Nanoscience, School of Engineering, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsuki Kusakabe
- Department of Nanoscience, School of Engineering, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Biodynamic Research Foundation, Kenshin Bldg 3F, Kuwamizu 1-chome, 24-6 Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0954, Japan.
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28
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Dvořáková P, Bušek P, Knedlík T, Schimer J, Etrych T, Kostka L, Stollinová Šromová L, Šubr V, Šácha P, Šedo A, Konvalinka J. Inhibitor-Decorated Polymer Conjugates Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8385-8393. [PMID: 28953383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are directly involved in cancer pathogenesis. Expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is upregulated in stromal fibroblasts in more than 90% of epithelial cancers and is associated with tumor progression. FAP expression is minimal or absent in most normal adult tissues, suggesting its promise as a target for the diagnosis or treatment of various cancers. Here, we report preparation of a polymer conjugate (an iBody) containing a FAP-specific inhibitor as the targeting ligand. The iBody inhibits both human and mouse FAP with low nanomolar inhibition constants but does not inhibit close FAP homologues dipeptidyl peptidase IV, dipeptidyl peptidase 9, and prolyl oligopeptidase. We demonstrate the applicability of this iBody for the isolation of FAP from cell lysates and blood serum as well as for its detection by ELISA, Western blot, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. Our results show the iBody is a useful tool for FAP targeting in vitro and potentially also for specific anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Dvořáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of The Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Viničná 7, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bušek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , U Nemocnice 5, 12853 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Knedlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of The Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Schimer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of The Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského nám 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského nám 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Stollinová Šromová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , U Nemocnice 5, 12853 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šubr
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského nám 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of The Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksi Šedo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , U Nemocnice 5, 12853 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of The Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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29
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Pechar M, Pola R, Janoušková O, Sieglová I, Král V, Fábry M, Tomalová B, Kovář M. Polymer Cancerostatics Targeted with an Antibody Fragment Bound via a Coiled Coil Motif: In Vivo Therapeutic Efficacy against Murine BCL1 Leukemia. Macromol Biosci 2017; 18. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pechar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Robert Pola
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Irena Sieglová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Král
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Milan Fábry
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Tomalová
- Institute of Microbiology; Czech Academy of Sciences; Vídeňská 1083 142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kovář
- Institute of Microbiology; Czech Academy of Sciences; Vídeňská 1083 142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic
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30
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Comparison of the pharmacological and biological properties of HPMA copolymer-pirarubicin conjugates: A single-chain copolymer conjugate and its biodegradable tandem-diblock copolymer conjugate. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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