1
|
Ruytenberg T, Ciggaar IA, Peters ITA, Noortman WA, Dibbets-Schneider P, de Muynck LDAN, Kuil J, de Kroon CD, Molenaar TJM, Helmerhorst HJF, Pereira Arias-Bouda LM, Vahrmeijer AL, Windhorst AD, van Velden FHP, Gaarenstroom KN, de Geus-Oei LF. Challenges in Pharmacokinetic Modelling of [ 18F]fluoro-PEG-folate PET/CT Imaging in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:577-584. [PMID: 38775919 PMCID: PMC11282117 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the pharmacokinetic properties of the [18F]fluoro-polyethylene glycol(PEG)-folate radiotracer in PET/CT imaging of patients with advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). PROCEDURES In five patients with advanced EOC (FIGO stage IIIB/IIIC, Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique), a 90-min dynamic PET acquisition of the pelvis was performed directly after i.v. administration of 185 MBq [18F]fluoro-PEG6-folate. Arterial blood samples collected at nineteen timepoints were used to determine the plasma input function. A static volume of interest (VOI) for included tumor lesions was drawn manually on the PET images. Modelling was performed using PMOD software. Three different models (a 1-tissue compartment model (1T2k) and two 2-tissue compartment models, irreversible (2T3k) and reversible (2T4k)) were compared in goodness of fit with the time activity curves by means of the Akaike information criterion. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic analysis in the pelvic area has proven to be much more challenging than expected. Only four out of 22 tumor lesions in five patients were considered suitable to perform modelling on. The remaining tumor lesions were inapt due to either low tracer uptake, small size, proximity to other [18F]fluoro-PEG6-folate -avid structures and/or displacement by abdominal organ motion in the dynamic scan. Data from the four analyzed tumor lesions suggest that the irreversible 2T3k may best describe the pharmacokinetics. All 22 lesions were immunohistochemically stained positive for the folate receptor alpha (FRα) after resection. CONCLUSION Performing pharmacokinetic analysis in the abdominal pelvic region is very challenging. This brief article describes the challenges and pitfalls in pharmacokinetic analysis of a tracer with high physiological accumulation in the intestines, in case of lesions of limited size in the abdominal pelvic area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ruytenberg
- Dept. of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabeau A Ciggaar
- Dept. of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Inge T A Peters
- Dept. Of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wyanne A Noortman
- Dept. of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Dibbets-Schneider
- Dept. of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joeri Kuil
- Dept. of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis D de Kroon
- Dept. Of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J M Molenaar
- Dept. of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J F Helmerhorst
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Albert D Windhorst
- Dept. of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris H P van Velden
- Dept. of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
- Dept. of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang H, Chen Z, Mo C, Tang G. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of [ 18F]AlF-NOTA-Asp 2-PEG 2-Folate as a Novel Folate-Receptor-Targeted Tracer for PET Imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024. [PMID: 39041590 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the folate receptor (FR) has become an exciting target for the diagnosis of FR-positive malignancies. Nevertheless, suboptimal in vivo pharmacokinetic properties, particularly high uptake in the renal and hepatobiliary systems, are important limiting factors for the clinical translation of most FR-based radiotracers. In this study, we developed a novel 18F-labeled FR-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [18F]AlF-NOTA-Asp2-PEG2-Folate modified with a hydrophilic linker (-Asp2-PEG2) to optimize its pharmacokinetic properties and conducted a comprehensive preclinical assessment. The [18F]AlF-NOTA-Asp2-PEG2-Folate was manually synthesized within 30 min with a non-decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 16.3 ± 2.0% (n = 5). Among KB cells, [18F]AlF-NOTA-Asp2-PEG2-Folate exhibited high specificity and affinity for FR. PET/CT imaging and biodistribution experiments in KB tumor-bearing mice showed decent tumor uptake (1.7 ± 0.3% ID/g) and significantly decreased uptake in kidneys and liver (22.2 ± 2.1 and 0.3 ± 0.1% ID/g at 60 min p.i., respectively) of [18F]AlF-NOTA-Asp2-PEG2-Folate, compared to the known tracer [18F]AlF-NOTA-Folate (78.6 ± 5.1 and 5.3 ± 0.5 % ID/g at 90 min p.i., respectively). The favorable properties of [18F]AlF-NOTA-Asp2-PEG2-Folate, including its efficient synthesis, decent tumor uptake, relatively low renal uptake, and rapid clearance from most normal organs, portray it as a promising PET tracer for FR-positive tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Liang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunwei Mo
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang M, Wang D, Wang X, Mei J, Gong Q. Role of Folate in Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:1872. [PMID: 38931227 PMCID: PMC11206401 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Folate is a water-soluble B vitamin involved in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines and is one of the essential vitamins for human growth and reproduction. Folate deficiency due to low dietary intake, poor absorption of folate, and alterations in folate metabolism due to genetic defects or drug interactions significantly increases the risk of diseases such as neural tube defects, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cognitive dysfunction. Recent studies have shown that folate deficiency can cause hyperhomocysteinemia, which increases the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and that high homocysteine levels are an independent risk factor for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. In addition, folate deficiency results in increased secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and impaired lipid metabolism in the liver, leading to lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and fibrosis. There is substantial evidence that folate deficiency contributes to the development and progression of a variety of liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), viral hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and liver cancer. Here we review key studies on the role of folate in the pathophysiology of liver diseases, summarize the current status of studies on folate in the treatment of liver diseases, and speculate that folate may be a potential therapeutic target for liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minlan Yang
- School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, China
| | | | | | | | - Quan Gong
- School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Williams GR, Zheng Y, Guo H, Chen S, Ren R, Wang T, Xia J, Zhu LM. Polydopamine-cloaked Fe-based metal organic frameworks enable synergistic multidimensional treatment of osteosarcoma. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 651:76-92. [PMID: 37540932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in effective cancer therapy arises because of the hypoxic microenvironment in the tumor. This compromises the efficacy of both chemo- and radiotherapy, and thus hinders patient outcomes. To solve this problem, we constructed polydopamine (PDA)-cloaked Fe-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) loaded with d-arginine (d-Arg), glucose oxidase (GOX), and the chemotherapeutic drug tirapazamine (TPZ). These offer simultaneous multifaceted therapy combining chemodynamic therapy (CDT)/radiotherapy (RT)/starvation therapy (ST)/gas therapy (GT) and chemotherapy. The particles further can act as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. GOX catalyses the conversion of endogenous glucose and O2 to hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid, blocking the cells' energy supply and providing ST. With the resultant acidification of the local environment, the breakdown of the MOF releases TPZ (for chemotherapy) and Fe3+, which reacts with H2O2 to produce reactive oxygen species and thus stimulates the conversion of d-Arg to NO for GT and RT sensitization. The PDA coating not only seals the pores and chelates Fe3+ to enhance the T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties, but also is used to graft folate bovine serum albumin (FA-BSA) and thereby target the tumor site. The combined administration of low doses of X-ray irradiation and nanoparticles reduces the side effects on healthy tissue and can prevent lung metastases in mice. This work highlights the synergistic treatment of osteosarcoma via ST/GT/CDT/RT/MRI/ chemotherapy using a PDA-cloaked MOF system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Yilu Zheng
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Honghua Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Rong Ren
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jindong Xia
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201600, China.
| | - Li-Min Zhu
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie X, Yue T, Gu W, Cheng W, He L, Ren W, Li F, Piao JG. Recent Advances in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Delivering siRNA for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2483. [PMID: 37896243 PMCID: PMC10609930 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Silencing genes using small interfering (si) RNA is a promising strategy for treating cancer. However, the curative effect of siRNA is severely constrained by low serum stability and cell membrane permeability. Therefore, improving the delivery efficiency of siRNA for cancer treatment is a research hotspot. Recently, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as bright delivery vehicles for nucleic acid drugs. A comprehensive understanding of the design of MSN-based vectors is crucial for the application of siRNA in cancer therapy. We discuss several surface-functionalized MSNs' advancements as effective siRNA delivery vehicles in this paper. The advantages of using MSNs for siRNA loading regarding considerations of different shapes, various options for surface functionalization, and customizable pore sizes are highlighted. We discuss the recent investigations into strategies that efficiently improve cellular uptake, facilitate endosomal escape, and promote cargo dissociation from the MSNs for enhanced intracellular siRNA delivery. Also, particular attention was paid to the exciting progress made by combining RNAi with other therapies to improve cancer therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fanzhu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (X.X.); (T.Y.); (W.G.); (W.C.); (L.H.); (W.R.)
| | - Ji-Gang Piao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (X.X.); (T.Y.); (W.G.); (W.C.); (L.H.); (W.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Radiochemistry with {Al18F}2+: Current status and optimization perspectives for efficient radiofluorination by complexation. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
7
|
Folate-based radiotracers for nuclear imaging and radionuclide therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
8
|
van der Geest KSM, Sandovici M, Nienhuis PH, Slart RHJA, Heeringa P, Brouwer E, Jiemy WF. Novel PET Imaging of Inflammatory Targets and Cells for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:902155. [PMID: 35733858 PMCID: PMC9207253 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.902155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are two interrelated inflammatory diseases affecting patients above 50 years of age. Patients with GCA suffer from granulomatous inflammation of medium- to large-sized arteries. This inflammation can lead to severe ischemic complications (e.g., irreversible vision loss and stroke) and aneurysm-related complications (such as aortic dissection). On the other hand, patients suffering from PMR present with proximal stiffness and pain due to inflammation of the shoulder and pelvic girdles. PMR is observed in 40-60% of patients with GCA, while up to 21% of patients suffering from PMR are also affected by GCA. Due to the risk of ischemic complications, GCA has to be promptly treated upon clinical suspicion. The treatment of both GCA and PMR still heavily relies on glucocorticoids (GCs), although novel targeted therapies are emerging. Imaging has a central position in the diagnosis of GCA and PMR. While [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) has proven to be a valuable tool for diagnosis of GCA and PMR, it possesses major drawbacks such as unspecific uptake in cells with high glucose metabolism, high background activity in several non-target organs and a decrease of diagnostic accuracy already after a short course of GC treatment. In recent years, our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of GCA and, to some extent, PMR has advanced. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the cellular heterogeneity in the immunopathology of GCA/PMR and discuss how recent advances in specific tissue infiltrating leukocyte and stromal cell profiles may be exploited as a source of novel targets for imaging. Finally, we discuss prospective novel PET radiotracers that may be useful for the diagnosis and treatment monitoring in GCA and PMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kornelis S. M. van der Geest
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Sandovici
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Pieter H. Nienhuis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Riemer H. J. A. Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - William F. Jiemy
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fernandes B, Feltes PK, Luft C, Nazario LR, Jeckel CMM, Antunes IF, Elsinga PH, de Vries EFJ. Potential PET tracers for imaging of tumor-associated macrophages. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:11. [PMID: 35526184 PMCID: PMC9081075 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of cancer over the years is one of the most challenging problems in healthcare. As cancer progresses, the recruitment of several immune cells is triggered. Infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is correlated with poor patient prognosis. Since TAMs constitute a big portion of the tumor mass, targeting these cells seems to be an attractive approach for cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, TAM assessment using non-invasive imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET), might provide a better understanding of the role of TAMs in cancer, and a means for tumor profile characterization, patient selection for individualized immunotherapy and treatment monitoring. Imaging of TAMs using PET tracers is still in its infancy. TAMs have several characteristics that could be exploited as potential targets for imaging. Various PET tracers for these TAM biomarkers have been developed, although often in the context of (neuro)inflammatory diseases rather than cancer. Since macrophages in inflammatory diseases express similar biomarkers as TAMs, these PET tracers could potentially also be applied for the assessment of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the present review provides an overview of the TAM biomarkers, for which potential PET tracers are available and discusses the status of these tracers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Fernandes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Kopschina Feltes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Luft
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Infant Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiza Reali Nazario
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Maria Moriguchi Jeckel
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ines F Antunes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Radiolabeled vitamins as the potential diagnostic probes for targeted tumor imaging. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
11
|
Wang X, Gao D, Lu C, Xie M, Lin J, Qiu L. Optimized molecular design of PET probe for the visualization of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in tumors. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01688e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fluorine-18 labeled probe [18F]JM-10 was rationally designed and optimized, which can self-assemble to generate more rigid and hydrophobic dimers upon response to γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dingyao Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chunmei Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Minhao Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
| | - Ling Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Preparation and Evaluation of Novel Folate Isonitrile 99mTc Complexes as Potential Tumor Imaging Agents to Target Folate Receptors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154552. [PMID: 34361705 PMCID: PMC8348780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to seek novel technetium-99m folate receptor-targeting agents, two folate derivatives (CN5FA and CNPFA) were synthesized and radiolabeled to obtain [99mTc]Tc-CN5FA and [99mTc]Tc-CNPFA complexes, which exhibited high radiochemical purity (>95%) without purification, hydrophilicity, and good stability in vitro. The KB cell competitive binding experiments indicated that [99mTc]Tc-CN5FA and [99mTc]Tc-CNPFA had specificity to folate receptor. Biodistribution studies in KB tumor-bearing mice illustrated that [99mTc]Tc-CN5FA and [99mTc]Tc-CNPFA had specific tumor uptake. Compared with [99mTc]Tc-CN5FA, the tumor/muscle ratios of [99mTc]Tc-CNPFA were higher, resulting in a better SPECT/CT imaging background. According to the results, the two 99mTc complexes have potential as tumor imaging agents to target folate receptors.
Collapse
|
13
|
Guillou A, Earley DF, Klingler S, Nisli E, Nüesch LJ, Fay R, Holland JP. The Influence of a Polyethylene Glycol Linker on the Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of a 89Zr-Radiolabeled Antibody. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1263-1275. [PMID: 34056896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most experimental work in the space of bioconjugation chemistry focuses on using new methods to construct covalent bonds between a cargo molecule and a protein of interest such as a monoclonal antibody (mAb). Bond formation is important for generating new diagnostic tools, yet when these compounds advance to preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, and later for translation to the clinic, understanding the fate of potential metabolites that arise from chemical or enzymatic degradation of the construct is important to obtain a full picture of the pharmacokinetic performance of a new compound. In the context of designing new bioconjugate methods for labeling antibodies with the positron-emitting radionuclide 89Zr, we previously developed a photochemical process for making 89Zr-mAbs. Experimental studies on [89Zr]ZrDFO-PEG3-azepin-mAb constructs revealed that incorporation of the tris-polyethylene glycol (PEG3) linker improved the aqueous phase solubility and radiochemical conversion. However, the use of a PEG3 linker also has an impact on the whole-body residence time of the construct, leading to a more rapid excretion of the 89Zr activity when compared with radiotracers that lack the PEG3 chain. In this work, we investigated the metabolic fate of eight possible metabolites that arise from the logical disconnection of [89Zr]ZrDFO-PEG3-azepin-mAb at bonds which are susceptible to chemical or enzymatic cleavage. Synthesis combined with 89Zr-radiolabeling, small-animal positron emission tomography imaging at multiple time points from 0 to 20 h, and measurements of the effective half-life for whole-body excretion are reported. The conclusions are that the use of a PEG3 linker is non-innocent in terms of its impact on enhancing the metabolism of [89Zr]ZrDFO-PEG3-azepin-mAbs. In most cases, degradation can produce metabolites that are rapidly eliminated from the body, thereby enhancing image contrast by reducing nonspecific accumulation and retention of 89Zr in background organs such as the liver, spleen, kidney, and bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Guillou
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Earley
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Klingler
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eda Nisli
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura J Nüesch
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rachael Fay
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason P Holland
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jurczyk M, Jelonek K, Musiał-Kulik M, Beberok A, Wrześniok D, Kasperczyk J. Single- versus Dual-Targeted Nanoparticles with Folic Acid and Biotin for Anticancer Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:326. [PMID: 33802531 PMCID: PMC8001342 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide and its treatment remains very challenging. The effectiveness of cancer therapy significantly depends upon tumour-specific delivery of the drug. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems have been developed to avoid the side effects of the conventional chemotherapy. However, according to the most recent recommendations, future nanomedicine should be focused mainly on active targeting of nanocarriers based on ligand-receptor recognition, which may show better efficacy than passive targeting in human cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the efficacy of single-ligand nanomedicines is still limited due to the complexity of the tumour microenvironment. Thus, the NPs are improved toward an additional functionality, e.g., pH-sensitivity (advanced single-targeted NPs). Moreover, dual-targeted nanoparticles which contain two different types of targeting agents on the same drug delivery system are developed. The advanced single-targeted NPs and dual-targeted nanocarriers present superior properties related to cell selectivity, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity toward cancer cells than conventional drug, non-targeted systems and single-targeted systems without additional functionality. Folic acid and biotin are used as targeting ligands for cancer chemotherapy, since they are available, inexpensive, nontoxic, nonimmunogenic and easy to modify. These ligands are used in both, single- and dual-targeted systems although the latter are still a novel approach. This review presents the recent achievements in the development of single- or dual-targeted nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jurczyk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.J.); (M.M.-K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.B.); (D.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Jelonek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.J.); (M.M.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Monika Musiał-Kulik
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.J.); (M.M.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Artur Beberok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.B.); (D.W.)
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.B.); (D.W.)
| | - Janusz Kasperczyk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.J.); (M.M.-K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of [ 68Ga]Ga-NOTA-folate for PET imaging of folate receptor β-positive macrophages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13593. [PMID: 32788595 PMCID: PMC7423886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate receptor β (FR-β), a marker expressed on macrophages, is a promising target for imaging of inflammation. Here, we report the radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-folate (68Ga-FOL). After determining the affinity of 68Ga-FOL using cells expressing FR-β, we studied atherosclerotic mice with 68Ga-FOL and 18F-FDG PET/CT. In addition, we studied tracer distribution and co-localization with macrophages in aorta cryosections using autoradiography, histology, and immunostaining. The specificity of 68Ga-FOL was assessed in a blocking study with folate glucosamine. As a final step, human radiation doses were extrapolated from rat PET data. We were able to produce 68Ga-FOL with high radiochemical purity and moderate molar activity. Cell binding studies revealed that 68Ga-FOL had 5.1 nM affinity for FR-β. Myocardial uptake of 68Ga-FOL was 20-fold lower than that of 18F-FDG. Autoradiography and immunohistochemistry of the aorta revealed that 68Ga-FOL radioactivity co-localized with Mac-3–positive macrophage-rich atherosclerotic plaques. The plaque-to-healthy vessel wall ratio of 68Ga-FOL was significantly higher than that of 18F-FDG. Blocking studies verified that 68Ga-FOL was specific for FR. Based on estimations from rat data, the human effective dose was 0.0105 mSv/MBq. Together, these findings show that 68Ga-FOL represents a promising new FR-β–targeted tracer for imaging macrophage-associated inflammation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Boss SD, Ametamey SM. Development of Folate Receptor-Targeted PET Radiopharmaceuticals for Tumor Imaging-A Bench-to-Bedside Journey. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061508. [PMID: 32527010 PMCID: PMC7352234 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The folate receptor-α (FR-α) is overexpressed in many epithelial cancers, including ovary, uterus, kidneys, breast, lung, colon and prostate carcinomas, but shows limited expression in normal tissues such as kidneys, salivary glands, choroid plexus and placenta. FR-α has therefore emerged as a promising target for the delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents to FR-positive tumors. A series of folate-based PET (positron emission tomography) radiopharmaceuticals have been developed for the selective targeting of FR-positive malignancies. This review provides an overview on the research progress made so far regarding the design, radiosynthesis and the utility of the folate-derived PET radioconjugates for targeting FR-positive tumors. For the most part, results from folate radioconjugates labeled with fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 109.8 min) and gallium-68 (t1/2 = 67.7 min) have been presented but folates labeled with "exotic" and new PET radionuclides such as copper-64 (t1/2 = 12.7 h), terbium-152 (t1/2 = 17.5 h), scandium-44 (t1/2 = 3.97 h), cobalt-55 (t1/2 = 17.5 h) and zirconium-89 (t1/2 = 78.4 h) are also discussed. For tumor imaging, none of the reported PET radiolabeled folates reported to date has made the complete bench-to-bedside journey except [18F]AzaFol, which made it to patients with metastatic ovarian and lung cancers in a multicenter first-in-human trial. In the near future, however, we expect more clinical trials with folate-based PET radiopharmaceuticals given the increasing clinical interest in imaging and the treatment of FR-related malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvan D. Boss
- SWAN Isotopen AG, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Simon Mensah Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ermert J, Benešová M, Hugenberg V, Gupta V, Spahn I, Pietzsch HJ, Liolios C, Kopka K. Radiopharmaceutical Sciences. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
18
|
Fersing C, Bouhlel A, Cantelli C, Garrigue P, Lisowski V, Guillet B. A Comprehensive Review of Non-Covalent Radiofluorination Approaches Using Aluminum [ 18F]fluoride: Will [ 18F]AlF Replace 68Ga for Metal Chelate Labeling? Molecules 2019; 24:E2866. [PMID: 31394799 PMCID: PMC6719958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its ideal physical properties, fluorine-18 turns out to be a key radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, for both preclinical and clinical applications. However, usual biomolecules radiofluorination procedures require the formation of covalent bonds with fluorinated prosthetic groups. This drawback makes radiofluorination impractical for routine radiolabeling, gallium-68 appearing to be much more convenient for the labeling of chelator-bearing PET probes. In response to this limitation, a recent expansion of the 18F chemical toolbox gave aluminum [18F]fluoride chemistry a real prominence since the late 2000s. This approach is based on the formation of an [18F][AlF]2+ cation, complexed with a 9-membered cyclic chelator such as NOTA, NODA or their analogs. Allowing a one-step radiofluorination in an aqueous medium, this technique combines fluorine-18 and non-covalent radiolabeling with the advantage of being very easy to implement. Since its first reports, [18F]AlF radiolabeling approach has been applied to a wide variety of potential PET imaging vectors, whether of peptidic, proteic, or small molecule structure. Most of these [18F]AlF-labeled tracers showed promising preclinical results and have reached the clinical evaluation stage for some of them. The aim of this report is to provide a comprehensive overview of [18F]AlF labeling applications through a description of the various [18F]AlF-labeled conjugates, from their radiosynthesis to their evaluation as PET imaging agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Fersing
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France.
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Ahlem Bouhlel
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Cantelli
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX, France
| | - Philippe Garrigue
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Lisowski
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13385 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lodhi NA, Park JY, Hong MK, Kim YJ, Lee YS, Cheon GJ, Jeong JM. Development of 99mTc-labeled trivalent isonitrile radiotracer for folate receptor imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1925-1931. [PMID: 30992201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Folate receptors (FR) are frequently overexpressed in a wide variety of human cancers. The aim of this study was to develop a trivalent 99mTc(CO)3-labeled folate radiotracer containing isonitrile (CN-R) as the coordinating ligand for FR target imaging. [99mTc]Tc-10 was HPLC purified (>98% chemical purity) and evaluated in vitro and in vivo as a potential agent for targeting FR-positive KB cells. [99mTc]Tc-10 is a hydrophilic compound with partition coefficient of -2.90 ± 0.13 that showed high binding affinity (0.04 ± 0.002 nM) in vitro. High accumulation and retention of [99mTc]Tc-10 (5.32 ± 2.99% ID/g) was observed in mice with KB tumors at 4 h after injection through the tail vein, which was significantly inhibited by co-injection of free folic acid (FA). SPECT (single photon emission tomography)/CT results were in accordance with biodistribution data at all time points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Ahmed Lodhi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Isotope Production Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH), P. O, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ji Yong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Högel H, Rissanen E, Vuorimaa A, Airas L. Positron emission tomography imaging in evaluation of MS pathology in vivo. Mult Scler 2018; 24:1399-1412. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458518791680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) gives an opportunity to quantitate the expression of specific molecular targets in vivo and longitudinally in brain and thus enhances our possibilities to understand and follow up multiple sclerosis (MS)-related pathology. For successful PET imaging, one needs a relevant target molecule within the brain, to which a blood–brain barrier–penetrating specific radioligand will bind. 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO)-binding radioligands have been used to detect activated microglial cells at different stages of MS, and remyelination has been measured using amyloid PET. Several PET ligands for the detection of other inflammatory targets, besides TSPO, have been developed but not yet been used for imaging MS patients. Finally, synaptic density evaluation has been successfully tested in human subjects and gives opportunities for the evaluation of the development of cortical and deep gray matter pathology in MS. This review will discuss PET imaging modalities relevant for MS today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Högel
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland/Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Rissanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland/Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Vuorimaa
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland/Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Airas
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland/Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Combining Albumin-Binding Properties and Interaction with Pemetrexed to Improve the Tissue Distribution of Radiofolates. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061465. [PMID: 29914162 PMCID: PMC6100011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic-acid-based radioconjugates have been developed for nuclear imaging of folate receptor (FR)-positive tumors; however, high renal uptake was unfavorable in view of a therapeutic application. Previously, it was shown that pre-injection of pemetrexed (PMX) increased the tumor-to-kidney ratio of radiofolates several-fold. In this study, PMX was combined with the currently best performing radiofolate ([177Lu]cm13), which is outfitted with an albumin-binding entity. Biodistribution studies were carried out in mice bearing KB or IGROV-1 tumor xenografts, both FR-positive tumor types. SPECT/CT was performed with control mice injected with [177Lu]folate only and with mice that received PMX in addition. Control mice showed high uptake of radioactivity in KB and IGROV-1 tumor xenografts, but retention in the kidneys was also high, resulting in tumor-to-kidney ratios of ~0.85 (4 h p.i.) and ~0.60 (24 h p.i.) or ~1.17 (4 h p.i.) and ~1.11 (24 h p.i.) respectively. Pre-injection of PMX improved the tumor-to-kidney ratio to values of ~1.13 (4 h p.i.) and ~0.92 (24 h p.i.) or ~1.79 (4 h p.i.) and ~1.59 (24 h p.i.), respectively, due to reduced uptake in the kidneys. It was found that a second injection of PMX—3 h or 7 h after administration of the radiofolate—improved the tumor-to-kidney ratio further to ~1.03 and ~0.99 or ~1.78 and ~1.62 at 24 h p.i. in KB and IGROV-1 tumor-bearing mice, respectively. SPECT/CT scans readily visualized the tumor xenografts, whereas accumulation of radioactivity in the kidneys was reduced in mice that received PMX. In this study, it was shown that PMX had a positive impact in terms of reducing the kidney uptake of albumin-binding radiofolates; hence, the administration of PMX resulted in ~1.3⁻1.7-fold higher tumor-to-kidney ratios. This is, however, a rather moderate effect in comparison to the previously shown effect of PMX on conventional radiofolates (without albumin binder), which led to 5⁻6-fold increased tumor-to-kidney ratios. An explanation for this result may be the different pharmacokinetic profiles of PMX and long-circulating radiofolates, respectively. Despite the promising potential of this concept, it is believed that a clinical translation would be challenging, particularly when PMX had to be injected more than once.
Collapse
|