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d'Orchymont F, Holland JP. Asymmetric rotaxanes as dual-modality supramolecular imaging agents for targeting cancer biomarkers. Commun Chem 2023; 6:107. [PMID: 37264077 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-modality imaging agents featuring both a radioactive complex for positron emission tomography (PET) and a fluorophore for optical fluorescence imaging (OFI) are crucial tools for reinforcing clinical diagnosis and intraoperative surgeries. We report the synthesis and characterisation of bimodal mechanically interlocked rotaxane-based imaging agents, constructed via the cucurbit[6]uril CB[6]-mediated alkyne-azide 'click' reaction. Two synthetic routes involving four- or six-component reactions are developed to access asymmetric rotaxanes. Furthermore, by using this rapid and versatile approach, a peptide-based rotaxane targeted toward the clinical prostate cancer biomarker, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and bearing a 68Ga-radiometal ion complex for positron emission tomography and fluorescein as an optically active imaging agent, was synthesised. The chemical and radiochemical stability, and the cellular uptake profile of the radiolabelled and fluorescent rotaxane was evaluated in vitro where the experimental data demonstrate the viability of using an asymmetric rotaxane platform to produce dual-modality imaging agents that specifically target prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustine d'Orchymont
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason P Holland
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Chen L, Lyu Y, Zhang X, Zheng L, Li Q, Ding D, Chen F, Liu Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Wang Z, Xie T, Zhang Q, Sima Y, Li K, Xu S, Ren T, Xiong M, Wu Y, Song J, Yuan L, Yang H, Zhang XB, Tan W. Molecular imaging: design mechanism and bioapplications. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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3
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Özvegy-Laczka C, Ungvári O, Bakos É. Fluorescence-based methods for studying activity and drug-drug interactions of hepatic solute carrier and ATP binding cassette proteins involved in ADME-Tox. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115448. [PMID: 36758706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In humans, approximately 70% of drugs are eliminated through the liver. This process is governed by the concerted action of membrane transporters and metabolic enzymes. Transporters mediating hepatocellular uptake of drugs belong to the SLC (Solute carrier) superfamily of transporters. Drug efflux either toward the portal vein or into the bile is mainly mediated by active transporters of the ABC (ATP Binding Cassette) family. Alteration in the function and/or expression of liver transporters due to mutations, disease conditions, or co-administration of drugs or food components can result in altered pharmacokinetics. On the other hand, drugs or food components interacting with liver transporters may also interfere with liver function (e.g., bile acid homeostasis) and may even cause liver toxicity. Accordingly, certain transporters of the liver should be investigated already at an early stage of drug development. Most frequently radioactive probes are applied in these drug-transporter interaction tests. However, fluorescent probes are cost-effective and sensitive alternatives to radioligands, and are gaining wider application in drug-transporter interaction tests. In our review, we summarize our current understanding about hepatocyte ABC and SLC transporters affected by drug interactions. We provide an update of the available fluorescent and fluorogenic/activable probes applicable in in vitro or in vivo testing of these ABC and SLC transporters, including near-infrared transporter probes especially suitable for in vivo imaging. Furthermore, our review gives a comprehensive overview of the available fluorescence-based methods, not directly relying on the transport of the probe, suitable for the investigation of hepatic ABC or SLC-type drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Ungvári
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bakos
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary
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Targeted Dual-Modal PET/SPECT-NIR Imaging: From Building Blocks and Construction Strategies to Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071619. [PMID: 35406390 PMCID: PMC8996983 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is an emerging non-invasive method to qualitatively and quantitively visualize and characterize biological processes. Among the imaging modalities, PET/SPECT and near-infrared (NIR) imaging provide synergistic properties that result in deep tissue penetration and up to cell-level resolution. Dual-modal PET/SPECT-NIR agents are commonly combined with a targeting ligand (e.g., antibody or small molecule) to engage biomolecules overexpressed in cancer, thereby enabling selective multimodal visualization of primary and metastatic tumors. The use of such agents for (i) preoperative patient selection and surgical planning and (ii) intraoperative FGS could improve surgical workflow and patient outcomes. However, the development of targeted dual-modal agents is a chemical challenge and a topic of ongoing research. In this review, we define key design considerations of targeted dual-modal imaging from a topological perspective, list targeted dual-modal probes disclosed in the last decade, review recent progress in the field of NIR fluorescent probe development, and highlight future directions in this rapidly developing field.
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Yuen R, West FG, Wuest F. Dual Probes for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Fluorescence Imaging (FI) of Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030645. [PMID: 35336019 PMCID: PMC8952779 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual probes that possess positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescence imaging (FI) capabilities are precision medicine tools that can be used to improve patient care and outcomes. Detecting tumor lesions using PET, an extremely sensitive technique, coupled with fluorescence-guided surgical resection of said tumor lesions can maximize the removal of cancerous tissue. The development of novel molecular probes is important for targeting different biomarkers as every individual case of cancer has different characteristics. This short review will discuss some aspects of dual PET/FI probes and explore the recently reported examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Yuen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (R.Y.); (F.G.W.)
| | - Frederick G. West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (R.Y.); (F.G.W.)
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (R.Y.); (F.G.W.)
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta—Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G IZ2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Ariztia J, Solmont K, Moïse NP, Specklin S, Heck MP, Lamandé-Langle S, Kuhnast B. PET/Fluorescence Imaging: An Overview of the Chemical Strategies to Build Dual Imaging Tools. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:24-52. [PMID: 34994545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is a biomedical research discipline that has quickly emerged to afford the observation, characterization, monitoring, and quantification of biomarkers and biological processes in living organism. It covers a large array of imaging techniques, each of which provides anatomical, functional, or metabolic information. Multimodality, as the combination of two or more of these techniques, has proven to be one of the best options to boost their individual properties, hence offering unprecedented tools for human health. In this review, we will focus on the combination of positron emission tomography and fluorescence imaging from the specific perspective of the chemical synthesis of dual imaging agents. Based on a detailed analysis of the literature, this review aims at giving a comprehensive overview of the chemical strategies implemented to build adequate imaging tools considering radiohalogens and radiometals as positron emitters, fluorescent dyes mostly emitting in the NIR window and all types of targeting vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Ariztia
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Kathleen Solmont
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, 91401, Orsay, France
| | | | - Simon Specklin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Marie Pierre Heck
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | | | - Bertrand Kuhnast
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, 91401, Orsay, France
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Hu Y, Miao Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Qiu L, Lin J, Ye D. Alkaline Phosphatase Enabled Fluorogenic Reaction and in situ Coassembly of Near-Infrared and Radioactive Nanoparticles for in vivo Imaging. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10377-10385. [PMID: 34898218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Smart near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence (FL) and positron emission tomography (PET) bimodal probes have shown promise for preoperative and intraoperative imaging of tumors. In this paper, we report an enzyme-activatable probe (P-CyFF-68Ga) and its cold probe (P-CyFF-Ga) using an enzyme-induced fluorogenic reaction and in situ coassembly strategy and demonstrate the utility for NIR FL/PET bimodality imaging of enzymatic activity. P-CyFF-68Ga and P-CyFF-Ga can be converted into dephosphorylated CyFF-68Ga and CyFF-Ga in response to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and subsequently coassemble into fluorescent and radioactive nanoparticles (NP-68Ga). The ALP-triggered in situ formed NP-68Ga is prone to anchoring on the ALP-positive HeLa cell membrane, permitting the concurrent enrichment of NIR FL and radioactivity. The enhancements in NIR FL and radioactivity enables high sensitivity and deep-tissue imaging of ALP activity, consequently facilitating the delineation of HeLa tumor foci from the normal tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinxing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Junya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfei Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, People's Republic of China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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Wang Z, Meng Q, Li S. The Role of NIR Fluorescence in MDR Cancer Treatment: From Targeted Imaging to Phototherapy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5510-5529. [PMID: 31244415 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190627123719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug Resistance (MDR) is defined as a cross-resistance of cancer cells to various chemotherapeutics and has been demonstrated to correlate with drug efflux pumps. Visualization of drug efflux pumps is useful to pre-select patients who may be insensitive to chemotherapy, thus preventing patients from unnecessary treatment. Near-Infrared (NIR) imaging is an attractive approach to monitoring MDR due to its low tissue autofluorescence and deep tissue penetration. Molecular NIR imaging of MDR cancers requires stable probes targeting biomarkers with high specificity and affinity. OBJECTIVE This article aims to provide a concise review of novel NIR probes and their applications in MDR cancer treatment. RESULTS Recently, extensive research has been performed to develop novel NIR probes and several strategies display great promise. These strategies include chemical conjugation between NIR dyes and ligands targeting MDR-associated biomarkers, native NIR dyes with inherent targeting ability, activatable NIR probes as well as NIR dyes loaded nanoparticles. Moreover, NIR probes have been widely employed for photothermal and photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment, which combine with other modalities to overcome MDR. With the rapid advancing of nanotechnology, various nanoparticles are incorporated with NIR dyes to provide multifunctional platforms for controlled drug delivery and combined therapy to combat MDR. The construction of these probes for MDR cancers targeted NIR imaging and phototherapy will be discussed. Multimodal nanoscale platform which integrates MDR monitoring and combined therapy will also be encompassed. CONCLUSION We believe these NIR probes project a promising approach for diagnosis and therapy of MDR cancers, thus holding great potential to reach clinical settings in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengtao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingqing Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaoshun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Natarajan A. Copper-64-immunoPET imaging: bench to bedside. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 64:356-363. [PMID: 33045821 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.20.03310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a growing non-invasive diagnostic and molecular imaging tool in nuclear medicine, that is used to identify several diseases including cancer. The immunoPET probe is made up of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or its fragments or similar molecules that tagged with positron radioisotopes (68Ga, 64Cu, 89Zr) bound together by a bifunctional chelator (BFC). This probe is designed to identify a specific disease. Currently, several immunoPET probes are being developed for preclinical as well as for clinical applications. These studies are showing promising results, both in preclinical and patients, using mostly 64Cu, 89Zr isotopes. This review elucidates the 64Cu based immunoPET applications, their pipelines and the emerging scope of this technique within the nuclear medicine and molecular imaging clinics from bench to bedside. Recently, immunoPET research have sharply increased especially after a big surge in approval of oncology antibodies by the FDA for immune checkpoint-blockade cancer immunotherapies. Currently, preclinical to clinical translations of immunoPET has several challenges, including designing probes, choice of radioisotopes, selection of stable BFC, and size of antibody and its tracer kinetics. All these obstacles will be addressed eventually by improving PET scanner sensitivity, designing appropriate size of imaging probe, and combining immunoPET with specific targeting antibodies. These improvements should contribute to the immunoPET becoming more applicable in clinics, which, in turn, will provide critical information for correct patient selection, for right dosing, and for the right time/staging of treatment.
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Mao C, Qu P, Miley MJ, Zhao Y, Li Z, Ming X. P-glycoprotein targeted photodynamic therapy of chemoresistant tumors using recombinant Fab fragment conjugates. Biomater Sci 2019; 6:3063-3074. [PMID: 30298866 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00844b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp) has been considered as a major cause of cancer multidrug resistance; however, clinical solutions to overcome this drug resistance do not exist despite the tremendous endeavors. The lack of cancer specificity is a main reason for clinical failure of conventional approaches. Targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) is highly cancer specific by combining antibody targeting and locoregional light irradiation. We aimed to develop Pgp-targeted PDT using antibody-photosensitizer conjugates made of a recombinant Fab fragment. We prepared the photosensitizer conjugates by expressing a recombinant Fab fragment and specifically linking IR700-maleimide at the C-terminal of the Fab heavy chain. In vitro studies showed that the Fab conjugates specifically bind to Pgp. Their phototoxicity was comparable to full antibody conjugates when assayed with conventional 2-D cell culture, but they outperformed the full antibody conjugates in a 3-D tumor spheroid model. In a mouse xenograft model of chemoresistant tumors, Fab conjugates showed Pgp specific delivery to chemoresistant tumors. Upon irradiation with near-infrared light, they caused rapid tumor shrinkage and significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Compared to the full antibody conjugates, Fab conjugates took a shorter time to reach peak tumor levels and achieved a more homogeneous tumor distribution. This allows light irradiation to be initiated at a shorter time interval after the conjugate injection, and thus may facilitate clinical translation. We conclude that our targeted PDT approach provides a highly cancer-specific approach to combat chemoresistant tumors, and that the conjugates made of recombinant antibody fragments are superior to full antibody conjugates for targeted PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqiong Mao
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
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11
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Liu Y, Ji M, Wang P. Recent Advances in Small Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging and Tumor Therapy. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3322-3332. [PMID: 31287708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Small copper sulfide nanoparticles (s-Cu2-xS NPs, 0 < x < 1) with a core size of less than 5.5 nm have unique physicochemical characteristics and pharmacokinetic properties and have attracted substantial attention from researchers in the field of biomedicine in recent years. After exposure to near-infrared (NIR) light, s-Cu2-xS NPs can rapidly convert light energy into heat for photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT). In addition, the potential for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, along with the low toxicity and low cost, makes s-Cu2-xS NPs a promising multifunctional diagnostic reagent. This Review outlines recent advances in s-Cu2-xS NPs for molecular imaging and tumor therapy and discusses the challenges associated with successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Engineering , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , China
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12
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Zhang C, Kwan P. The Concept of Drug-Resistant Epileptogenic Zone. Front Neurol 2019; 10:558. [PMID: 31214106 PMCID: PMC6555267 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Resective surgery is the most effective way to treat drug-resistant epilepsy. Despite extensive pre-surgical evaluation, only 30–70% patients would become seizure-free after surgery. New approaches and strategies are needed to improve the outcome of epilepsy surgery. It is commonly observed in clinical practice that antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) could maintain seizure freedom in a large proportion of patients after surgery, who were uncontrolled before the operation. In some patients cessation of AEDs leads to seizure recurrence which, in most cases, can be controlled by resuming AEDs. These observations suggest that the surgery has converted the epilepsy from drug-resistant to drug-responsive, implying that the operation has removed the brain tissue accounting for pharmacoresistance, rather than the pathological substrate of epilepsy (at least not completely). Based on these observations, it is hypothesized that there is a drug-resistant epileptogenic zone (DREZ) which overlaps with the epileptogenic zone (EZ), and has both epileptogenic and drug-resistant properties. DREZ is necessary and sufficient to cause drug-resistant epilepsy, and its remove would render the epilepsy drug-responsive. Testing the hypothesis requires the development of new methods to define the DREZ, which may be used to guide surgical planning when the epileptogenic zone cannot be completely excised. This concept can also help understand the mechanisms of drug-resistant epilepsy, leading to new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Wang M, Vannam R, Lambert WD, Xie Y, Wang H, Giglio B, Ma X, Wu Z, Fox J, Li Z. Hydrophilic 18F-labeled trans-5-oxocene (oxoTCO) for efficient construction of PET agents with improved tumor-to-background ratios in neurotensin receptor (NTR) imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2485-2488. [PMID: 30735213 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09747j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An 18F-labeled trans-5-oxocene (oxoTCO) that is used to construct a PET probe for neurotensin receptor (NTR) imaging through tetrazine ligation is described here. PET probe construction proceeds with 70% RCY based on 18F-oxoTCO and is completed within seconds. The in vivo behaviour of the oxoTCO based PET probe was compared with those of analogous probes that were prepared from 18F-labeled s-TCO and d-TCO tracers. The hydrophilic 18F-oxoTCO probe showed a significantly higher tumor-to-background ratio while displaying comparable tumor uptake relative to the 18F-dTCO and 18F-sTCO derived probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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Mao C, Li F, Zhao Y, Debinski W, Ming X. P-glycoprotein-targeted photodynamic therapy boosts cancer nanomedicine by priming tumor microenvironment. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:6274-6290. [PMID: 30613297 PMCID: PMC6299702 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicines only modestly improve the overall survival of patients because their anticancer activity is limited by biological barriers posed by the tumor microenvironment. Currently, all the drugs in FDA-approved cancer nanomedicines are substrates for P-glycoprotein (Pgp), and thus, Pgp-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a hurdle for cancer nanomedicines. Methods: In this study, Pgp-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) was developed to enhance the anticancer efficacy of nanomedicines by depleting MDR cancer cells as well as enhancing tumor penetration of nanomedicines. We first examined the Pgp specificity of our targeted PDT approach, and then tested combination therapy of PDT with Doxil in mixed tumor models of MDR cancer cells and stromal cells, mimicking human heterogeneous tumors. Results: In vitro studies showed that the antibody-photosensitizer conjugates produced Pgp-specific cytotoxicity towards MDR cancer cells upon irradiation with a near-infrared light. The studies with a co-culture model of MDR cancer cells and stromal cells revealed synergistic effects in the combination therapy of PDT with Doxil. Using a mouse model of mixed tumors containing MDR cancer cells and stroma cells, we observed markedly enhanced tumor delivery of Doxil after PDT in vivo. We further examined the effects of the two modalities on individual cell populations and their synergism using an in vivo dual substrate bioluminescence assay. The results indicated that Pgp-targeted PDT specifically depleted MDR cancer cells and further enhanced Doxil's actions on both MDR cancer cells and stromal cells. Conclusion: We conclude that our targeted PDT approach markedly enhances anticancer actions of nanomedicines by depleting MDR cancer cells and increasing their tumor penetration, and thereby, may provide an effective approach to facilitate translation of cancer nanomedicines.
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15
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Suo X, Eldridge BN, Zhang H, Mao C, Min Y, Sun Y, Singh R, Ming X. P-Glycoprotein-Targeted Photothermal Therapy of Drug-Resistant Cancer Cells Using Antibody-Conjugated Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33464-33473. [PMID: 30188117 PMCID: PMC6200400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
P-Glycoprotein (Pgp)-medicated multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a formidable challenge to cancer therapy. As conventional approaches using small-molecule inhibitors failed in clinical development because of the lack of cancer specificity, we develop Pgp-targeted carbon nanotubes to achieve highly cancer-specific therapy through combining antibody-based cancer targeting and locoregional tumor ablation with photothermal therapy. Through a dense coating with phospholipid-poly(ethylene glycol), we have engineered multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) which show minimum nonspecific cell interactions and maximum intercellular diffusion. After chemically modifying with an anti-Pgp antibody, these MWCNTs showed highly Pgp-specific cellular uptake. Treatment of the targeted MWCNTs caused dramatic cytotoxicity in MDR cancer cells upon photoirradiation, whereas they did not cause any toxicity in the dark or phototoxicity toward normal cells that do not express Pgp. Because of excellent intratumor diffusion and Pgp-specific cellular uptake, the targeted MWCNTs produced strong phototoxicity in tumor spheroids of MDR cancer cells, a 3-D tumor model for studying tumor penetration and therapy. In conclusion, we have developed highly Pgp-specific MWCNTs that may provide an effective therapy for MDR cancers where other approaches have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubin Suo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Brittany N. Eldridge
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengqiong Mao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Yuanzeng Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
- Corresponding authors: Xin Ming () and Ravi Singh ()
| | - Xin Ming
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
- Corresponding authors: Xin Ming () and Ravi Singh ()
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16
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Mao C, Zhao Y, Li F, Li Z, Tian S, Debinski W, Ming X. P-glycoprotein targeted and near-infrared light-guided depletion of chemoresistant tumors. J Control Release 2018; 286:289-300. [PMID: 30081143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a formidable challenge to cancer therapy. P-glycoprotein (Pgp) contributes to multidrug resistance in numerous cancers by preventing accumulation of anticancer drugs in cancer cells. Strategies to overcome this resistance have been vigorously sought for over 3 decades, yet clinical solutions do not exist. The main reason for the failure is lack of cancer specificity of small-molecule Pgp inhibitors, thus causing severe toxicity in normal tissues. In this study, Pgp-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) was developed to achieve superior cancer specificity through antibody targeting plus locoregional light activation. Thus, a Pgp monoclonal antibody was chemically modified with IR700, a porphyrin photosensitizer. In vitro studies showed that the antibody-photosensitizer conjugates specifically bind to Pgp-expressing drug resistant cancer cells, and caused dramatic cytotoxicity upon irradiation with a near infrared light. We then tested our Pgp-targeted approach in mouse xenograft models of chemoresistant ovarian cancer and head and neck cancer. In both models, targeted PDT produced rapid tumor shrinkage, and significantly prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. We conclude that our targeted PDT approach produces molecularly targeted and spatially selective ablation of chemoresistant tumors, and thereby provides an effective approach to overcome Pgp-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer, where conventional approaches have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqiong Mao
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shaomin Tian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Thomas K Hearn Brain Tumor Research Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xin Ming
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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