1
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Shao S, Stocker MW, Zarrella S, Korter TM, Singh A, Healy AM. In Situ Cocrystallization via Spray Drying with Polymer as a Strategy to Prevent Cocrystal Dissociation. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4770-4785. [PMID: 37595572 PMCID: PMC10481393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate how different polymers affect the dissociation of cocrystals prepared by co-spray-drying active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), coformer, and polymer. Diclofenac acid-l-proline cocrystal (DPCC) was selected in this study as a model cocrystal due to its previously reported poor physical stability in a high-humidity environment. Polymers investigated include polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate, ethyl cellulose, and Eudragit L-100. Terahertz Raman spectroscopy (THz Raman) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) were used to monitor the cocrystal dissociation rate in a high-humidity environment. A Raman probe was used in situ to monitor the extent of the dissociation of DPCC and DPCC in crystalline solid dispersions (CSDs) with polymer when exposed to pH 6.8 phosphate buffer and water. The solubility of DPCC and solid dispersions of DPCC in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer and water was also measured. The dissociation of DPCC was water-mediated, and more than 60% of DPCC dissociated in 18 h at 40 °C and 95% RH. Interestingly, the physical stability of the cocrystal was effectively improved by producing CSDs with polymers. The inclusion of just 1 wt % polymer in a CSD with DPCC protected the cocrystal from dissociation over 18 h under the same conditions. Furthermore, the CSD with PVPVA was still partially stable, and the CSD with PVP was stable (undissociated) after 7 days. The superior stability of DPCC in CSDs with PVP and PVPVA was also demonstrated when systems were exposed to water or pH 6.8 phosphate buffer and resulted in higher dynamic solubility of the CSDs compared to DPCC alone. The improvement in physical stability of the cocrystal in CSDs was thought to be due to an efficient mixing between polymer and cocrystal at the molecular level provided by spray drying and in situ gelling of polymer. It is hypothesized that polymer chains could undergo gelling in situ and form a physical barrier, preventing cocrystal interaction with water, which contributes to slowing down the water-mediated dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShiZhe Shao
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
- SSPC,
the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Michael W. Stocker
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
- SSPC,
the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
- School
of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Salvatore Zarrella
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Timothy M. Korter
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | | | - Anne Marie Healy
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
- SSPC,
the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
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2
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Li J, Wang Y, Yu D. Effects of Additives on the Physical Stability and Dissolution of Polymeric Amorphous Solid Dispersions: a Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:175. [PMID: 37603110 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a popular approach for enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, achieving both physical stability and dissolution performance in an ASD prepared with a single polymer can be challenging. Therefore, a secondary excipient can be added. In this paper, we review three classes of additives that can be added internally to ASDs: (i) a second polymer, to form a ternary drug-polymer-polymer ASD, (ii) counterions, to facilitate in situ salt formation, and (iii) surfactants. In an ASD prepared with a combination of polymers, each polymer exerts a unique function, such as a stabilizer in the solid state and a crystallization inhibitor during dissolution. In situ salt formation in ASD usually leads to substantial increases in the glass transition temperature, contributing to improved physical stability. Surfactants can enhance the wettability of ASD particles, thereby promoting rapid drug release. However, their potential adverse effects on physical stability and dissolution, resulting from enhanced molecular mobility and competitive molecular interaction with the polymer, respectively, warrant careful consideration. Finally, we discuss the impact of magnesium stearate and inorganic salts, excipients added externally upon downstream processing, on the solid-state stability as well as the dissolution of ASD tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
| | - Dongyue Yu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA.
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3
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Madanayake SN, Manipura A, Thakuria R, Adassooriya NM. Opportunities and Challenges in Mechanochemical Cocrystallization toward Scaled-Up Pharmaceutical Manufacturing. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sithmi Nimashi Madanayake
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Aruna Manipura
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Ranjit Thakuria
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Nadeesh M. Adassooriya
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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4
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Chakravarty P, Dash A, Shalaev E, Sun CC, Zhang GGZ, Thakral S. Professor Raj Suryanarayanan: Scientist, Educator, Mentor, Family Man and Giant in Pharmaceutical Research. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2-7. [PMID: 36332722 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This special edition of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences is dedicated to Professor Raj Suryanarayanan (Professor and William & Mildred Peters Endowed Chair, University of Minnesota, School of Pharmacy) and honors his extensive and distinguished career as a scientist, educator and mentor. The goal of this commentary is to provide an overview of Professor Suryanarayanan's noteworthy career path and summarize his key research contributions. The commentary concludes with the personal summaries by guest editors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paroma Chakravarty
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Alekha Dash
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - Evgenyi Shalaev
- Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, Abbvie, 2525 DuPont Dr, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Geoff G Z Zhang
- Development Sciences, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Seema Thakral
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States.
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5
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Inoue M, Osada T, Hisada H, Koide T, Fukami T, Roy A, Carriere J. Quantitative Monitoring of Cocrystal Polymorphisms in Model Tablets Using Transmission Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:225-229. [PMID: 36126759 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystallization is a technique for improving the physical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients. However, cocrystals can transform into more stable polymorphs as well as dissociate to original materials. Therefore, an analytical technique is required to determine the polymorphic transformation quickly and accurately in tablets. The purpose of this study is to develop a method to monitor cocrystal polymorphs in model tablets using transmission low-frequency Raman spectroscopy. The tablets, consisting of only metastable polymorphs of caffeine-glutaric acid cocrystals, were stored under various relative humidity levels. The composition of the cocrystal polymorphs were calculated from a calibration curve relating the actual composition to the predicted values calculated by partial least squares regression processing of low-frequency Raman spectra. The metastable form gradually converted to a stable form, and polymorphic phase transformation occurred with increasing relative humidity. Ninety-six percent of the metastable form converted into a stable form stored at 25 °C after 3 h at 95% RH. In conclusion, transmission low-frequency Raman spectroscopy can be used to quantitatively monitor cocrystal polymorphs. This technique is one of the candidate techniques to quantifiably evaluate the physico-chemical stability of cocrystal polymorphs in tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Inoue
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Takumi Osada
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hisada
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Koide
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fukami
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Anjan Roy
- Coherent Inc., 850 East, Duarte Road, Monrovia, California 91016, United States
| | - James Carriere
- Coherent Inc., 850 East, Duarte Road, Monrovia, California 91016, United States
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6
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Preparation and characterization of five 3D crystalline adducts from caffeine and organic acids. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Kumari N, Roy P, Roy S, Parmar PK, Chakraborty S, Das S, Pandey N, Bose A, Bansal AK, Ghosh A. Investigating the Role of the Reduced Solubility of the Pirfenidone-Fumaric Acid Cocrystal in Sustaining the Release Rate from Its Tablet Dosage Form by Conducting Comparative Bioavailability Study in Healthy Human Volunteers. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1557-1572. [PMID: 35290064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pirfenidone (PFD) is the first pharmacological agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2014 for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The recommended daily dosage of PFD in patients with IPF is very high (2403 mg/day) and must be mitigated through additives. In the present work, sustained-release (SR) formulations of the PFD-FA cocrystal of two different strengths such as 200 and 600 mg were prepared and its comparative bioavailability in healthy human volunteers was studied against the reference formulation PIRFENEX (200 mg). A single-dose pharmacokinetic study (200 mg IR vs 200 mg SR) demonstrated that the test formulation exhibited lower Cmax and Tmax in comparison to the reference formulation, which showed that the cocrystal behaved like an SR formulation. Further in the multiple-dose comparative bioavailability study (200 mg IR thrice daily vs 600 mg SR once daily), the test formulation was found bioequivalent to the reference formulation. In conclusion, the present study suggests that cocrystallization offers a promising strategy to reduce the solubility of PFD and opens the door for potential new dosage forms of this important pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmy Kumari
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Parag Roy
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sukanta Roy
- Bioequivalence Study Center, TAAB Biostudy Services, Ibrahimpore Road, Kolkata 700032, India.,School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Sarisha 743368, West Bengal, India
| | - Prashantkumar K Parmar
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Soumalya Chakraborty
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Sourav Das
- Bioequivalence Study Center, TAAB Biostudy Services, Ibrahimpore Road, Kolkata 700032, India.,School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Sarisha 743368, West Bengal, India
| | - Noopur Pandey
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Anirbandeep Bose
- Bioequivalence Study Center, TAAB Biostudy Services, Ibrahimpore Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Bansal
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Animesh Ghosh
- Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
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8
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Eddleston MD, Chow EHH, Bučar DK, Thakuria R. Crystal surface defects as possible origins of cocrystal dissociation. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00166g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy is used as a characterisation tool to investigate cocrystal dissociation under high relative humidity. Caffeine–glutaric acid as a model system showed possible role of crystal surface defects in the process of cocrystal dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Eddleston
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Ernest H. H. Chow
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Dejan-Krešimir Bučar
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ranjit Thakuria
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, India
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9
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Kaur N, Haugstad G, Suryanarayanan R. Use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to monitor surface crystallization in caffeine-oxalic acid (CAFOXA) cocrystal compacts. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121196. [PMID: 34662647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to monitor the surface crystallization in disordered caffeine-oxalic acid (CAFOXA) cocrystals following exposure to elevated water vapor pressure. This was accomplished using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Disorder was induced in the cocrystal particles by the common pharmaceutical unit operations of milling and compaction. The 'activated' solid, upon exposure to elevated water vapor pressure, had a high propensity to sorb water. This led to a rise in molecular mobility and the surface underwent rapid crystallization to form needle shaped crystals of CAFOXA. Using AFM height and phase imaging, we were able to directly visualize phase transformations on the compact surface. The milled compacts exhibited higher processing induced disorder than the unmilled compacts, thereby accelerating the surface recrystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Greg Haugstad
- CSE Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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10
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Kumar Bandaru R, Rout SR, Kenguva G, Gorain B, Alhakamy NA, Kesharwani P, Dandela R. Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Cocrystals: From Bench to Market. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:780582. [PMID: 34858194 PMCID: PMC8632238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.780582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics profile of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the solid pharmaceutical dosage forms is largely dependent on the solid-state characteristics of the chemicals to understand the physicochemical properties by particle size, size distribution, surface area, solubility, stability, porosity, thermal properties, etc. The formation of salts, solvates, and polymorphs are the conventional strategies for altering the solid characteristics of pharmaceutical compounds, but they have their own limitations. Cocrystallization approach was established as an alternative method for tuning the solubility, permeability, and processability of APIs by introducing another compatible molecule/s into the crystal structure without affecting its therapeutic efficacy to successfully develop the formulation with the desired pharmacokinetic profile. In the present review, we have grossly focused on cocrystallization, particularly at different stages of development, from design to production. Furthermore, we have also discussed regulatory guidelines for pharmaceutical industries and challenges associated with the design, development and production of pharmaceutical cocrystals with commercially available cocrystal-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Bandaru
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Smruti Rekha Rout
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Gowtham Kenguva
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, India
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11
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Suzuki N, Fukui K, Otaka K, Suzuki T, Fukami T. Monitoring of Cocrystal Dissociation during the Wet Granulation Process in the Presence of Disintegrants by Using Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:877-885. [PMID: 34470952 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three coformers and five disintegrants in the granulation formulation on the dissociation of cocrystal during the granulation process by monitoring wet granulation with probe-type low-frequency Raman (LF-Raman) spectroscopy. As model cocrystals, paracetamol (APAP)-oxalic acid (OXA), APAP-maleic acid (MLA), and APAP-trimethylglycine (TMG) were used. The monitoring of the granulation recipe containing cocrystals during wet granulation was performed over time with high-performance LF-Raman spectrometry and the dissociation rate was calculated from the results of multivariate analysis of LF-Raman spectra. The dissociation rate decreased in the order of APAP-TMG, APAP-OXA, and APAP-MLA, showing the same order as observed in Powder X-ray diffraction measurements. Furthermore, to compare the effect of disintegrants on the dissociation rate of APAP-OXA, LF-Raman monitoring was performed for the granulation recipes containing five typical disintegrants (two low-substitution hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), cornstarch (CSW), carmellose sodium (CMC), and crospovidone (CRP)). The dissociation rate of APAP-OXA decreased in the order of CSW, HPCs, CMC, and CRP. This difference in the dissociation rate of APAP-OXA was thought to be due to the disintegration mechanism of the disintegrants and the water absorption ratio, which was expected to affect the water behavior on the disintegrant surface during wet granulation. These results suggested that probe-type LF-Raman spectroscopy is useful to monitor the dissociation behavior of cocrystals during wet granulation and can compare the relative stability of cocrystal during wet granulation between different formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Suzuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University
| | - Kanako Fukui
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Koki Otaka
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Toyofumi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University
| | - Toshiro Fukami
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
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12
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Kendall T, Stratford S, Patterson AR, Lunt RA, Cruickshank D, Bonnaud T, Scott CD. An industrial perspective on co-crystals: Screening, identification and development of the less utilised solid form in drug discovery and development. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 60:345-442. [PMID: 34147205 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients are commonly marketed as a solid form due to ease of transport, storage and administration. In the design of a drug formulation, the selection of the solid form is incredibly important and is traditionally based on what polymorphs, hydrates or salts are available for that compound. Co-crystals, another potential solid form available, are currently not as readily considered as a viable solid form for the development process. Even though co-crystals are gaining an ever-increasing level of interest within the pharmaceutical community, their acceptance and application is still not as standard as other solid forms such as the ubiquitous pharmaceutical salt and stabilised amorphous formulations. Presented in this chapter is information that would allow for a co-crystal screen to be planned and conducted as well as scaled up using solution and mechanochemistry based methods commonly employed in both the literature and industry. Also presented are methods for identifying the formation of a co-crystal using a variety of analytical techniques as well as the importance of confirming the formation of co-crystals from a legal perspective and demonstrating the legal precedent by looking at co-crystalline products already on the market. The benefits of co-crystals have been well established, and presented in this chapter are a selection of examples which best exemplify their potential. The goal of this chapter is to increase the understanding of co-crystals and how they may be successfully exploited in early stage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kendall
- Technobis Crystallization Systems, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
| | - Sam Stratford
- Johnson Matthey, Pharmorphix, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth A Lunt
- Johnson Matthey, Pharmorphix, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Wong SN, Chen YCS, Xuan B, Sun CC, Chow SF. Cocrystal engineering of pharmaceutical solids: therapeutic potential and challenges. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00825k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This highlight presents an overview of pharmaceutical cocrystal production and its potential in reviving problematic properties of drugs in different dosage forms. The challenges and future outlook of its translational development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Nga Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-08B, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Chee Sonia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-08B, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bianfei Xuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-08B, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L2-08B, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Du X, Wang H, He Z, Liu H. Sacubitril-valsartan cocrystal revisited: role of polymer excipients in the formulation. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:515-526. [PMID: 33280447 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1860940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study investigated the impact of polymer excipients on a typical cocrystal for sacubitril (SAC) and valsartan (VAL), aiming to guide optional formulation design and maximize oral bioavailability.Methods: Poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were selected. The dissolution/permeation system was used to predict both the kinetics of drug supersaturation and the simple permeation. The intermolecular interaction was analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation. Pharmacokinetic study was performed to assess the impact of polymer excipients in vivo.Results: Our study found that unappreciated excipients in the formulation, especially some polymers, might compete with the intermolecular hydrogen bonding among the cocrystals components and provide unexpected affinity, and thus leverage the therapeutic benefits. HPMC as a coating excipient used in the Entresto® tablet hampered the supersaturation of API, which led to the poor oral absorption of cocrystals. Conversely, PVP appeared to promote and maintain drug supersaturation, resulting in improved bioavailability of API.Conclusion: In conclusion, understanding the interplay between the cocrystal components and polymers is the key to optimizing the excipients to maximize the performance of cocrystal based oral drug formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Du
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongzhuo Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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15
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Aitipamula S, Das S. Cocrystal formulations: A case study of topical formulations consisting of ferulic acid cocrystals. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 149:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Koranne S, Lalge R, Suryanarayanan R. Modulation of Microenvironmental Acidity: A Strategy to Mitigate Salt Disproportionation in Drug Product Environment. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1324-1334. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Koranne
- Merck & Co., Inc. 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rahul Lalge
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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17
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Tanaka R, Duggirala NK, Hattori Y, Otsuka M, Suryanarayanan R. Formation of Indomethacin-Saccharin Cocrystals during Wet Granulation: Role of Polymeric Excipients. Mol Pharm 2019; 17:274-283. [PMID: 31756100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Formulation of a cocrystal into a solid pharmaceutical dosage form entails numerous processing steps during which there is risk of dissociation. In an effort to reduce the number of unit operations, we have attempted the in situ formation of an indomethacin-saccharin (INDSAC) cocrystal during high-shear wet granulation (HSWG). HSWG of IND (poorly water-soluble drug) and SAC (coformer), with polymers (granulating agents), was carried out using ethanol as the granulation liquid and yielded INDSAC cocrystal granules. Therefore, cocrystal formation and granulation were simultaneously accomplished. Our objectives were to (i) evaluate the influence of polymers on cocrystal formation kinetics during wet granulation and (ii) mechanistically understand the role of polymers in facilitating the cocrystal formation. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were chosen to investigate the influence of soluble polymers. The cocrystal formation kinetics was influenced by the polymer (PVP < HPC < PEO) and its concentration. The interaction of the polymer with cocrystal components inhibited the cocrystal formation. Complete cocrystal formation was observed in the presence of PEO, a polymer which does not interact with IND and SAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Naga Kiran Duggirala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | | | | | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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18
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Kaur N, Duggirala NK, Thakral S, Suryanarayanan R. Role of Lattice Disorder in Water-Mediated Dissociation of Pharmaceutical Cocrystal Systems. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3167-3177. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Naga Kiran Duggirala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Seema Thakral
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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19
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Syed TA, Gaikar VG, Mukherjee S. Stability of co‐crystals of caffeine with gallic acid in presence of coformers. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanweer A. Syed
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Chemical Technology Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Vilas G. Gaikar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Chemical Technology Mumbai Maharashtra India
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20
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Bani-Yaseen AD, Al-Jaber AS, Ali HM. Probing the Solute-Solvent Interaction of an Azo-Bonded Prodrug in Neat and Binary Media: Combined Experimental and Computational Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3023. [PMID: 30816155 PMCID: PMC6395765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Preferential solvation has significant importance in interpreting the molecular physicochemical properties of wide spectrum of materials in solution. In this work, the solute-solvent interaction of pro-drug Sulfasalazine (SSZ) in neat and binary media was investigated experimentally and computationally. The solute-solvent interactions of interest were spectrophotometrically probed and computationally investigated for providing insights concerning the molecular aspects of SSZ:media interaction. Experimentally, the obtained results in 1,4-dioxane:water binary mixture demonstrated a dramatic non-linear changes in the spectral behavior of SSZ indicative of the dependency of its molecular behaviors on the compositions of the molecular microenvironment in the essence of solute-solvent interaction. Computationally, geometry optimization and simulation of the absorption spectra of SSZ in media of interest were performed employing DFT and TD-DFT methods, respectively, where the solvent effects on the absorption were examined implicitly using IEFPCM method. Obtained results revealed a nonpolar nature of the molecular orbitals that are directly involved in the SSZ:medium interaction. As in good correspondence with the experimental results, these simulations demonstrated that these orbitals are of non-polar nature and hence minimally affected by polarity of the media and in turn favoring the non-polar molecular environments. On the other hand, the molecular origin of SSZ:media interaction was demonstrated explicitly through complexation of SSZ with water molecules revealing a cooperative hydrogen bonding stabilization with an average length of 1.90 Å. The findings of this work demonstrate the significance of the preferential solvation and composition of the molecular microenvironment on the physicochemical properties of molecules of pharmaceutical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amina S Al-Jaber
- Department of Chemistry & Earth Sciences, College of Arts & Science, Qatar University, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Heba M Ali
- Department of Chemistry & Earth Sciences, College of Arts & Science, Qatar University, Doha, State of Qatar
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21
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Koranne S, Sahoo A, Krzyzaniak JF, Luthra S, Arora KK, Suryanarayanan R. Challenges in Transitioning Cocrystals from Bench to Bedside: Dissociation in Prototype Drug Product Environment. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3297-3307. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Koranne
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Room 9-177 Weaver-Densford
Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Anasuya Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Room 9-177 Weaver-Densford
Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph F. Krzyzaniak
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Suman Luthra
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kapildev K. Arora
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Room 9-177 Weaver-Densford
Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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22
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Emami S, Siahi-Shadbad M, Adibkia K, Barzegar-Jalali M. Recent advances in improving oral drug bioavailability by cocrystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 8:305-320. [PMID: 30397585 PMCID: PMC6209825 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2018.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Oral drug delivery is the most favored route of drug administration. However, poor oral bioavailability is one of the leading reasons for insufficient clinical efficacy. Improving oral absorption of drugs with low water solubility and/or low intestinal membrane permeability is an active field of research. Cocrystallization of drugs with appropriate coformers is a promising approach for enhancing oral bioavailability.
Methods: In the present review, we have focused on recent advances that have been made in improving oral absorption through cocrystallization. The covered areas include supersaturation and its importance on oral absorption of cocrystals, permeability of cocrystals through membranes, drug-coformer pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions, conducting in vivo-in vitro correlations for cocrystals. Additionally, a discussion has been made on the integration of nanocrystal technology with supramolecular design. Marketed cocrystal products and PK studies in human subjects are also reported.
Results: Considering supersaturation and consequent precipitation properties is necessary when evaluating dissolution and bioavailability of cocrystals. Appropriate excipients should be included to control precipitation kinetics and to capture solubility advantage of cocrystals. Beside to solubility, cocrystals may modify membrane permeability of drugs. Therefore, cocrystals can find applications in improving oral bioavailability of poorly permeable drugs. It has been shown that cocrystals may interrupt cellular integrity of cellular monolayers which can raise toxicity concerns. Some of coformers may interact with intestinal absorption of drugs through changing intestinal blood flow, metabolism and inhibiting efflux pumps. Therefore, caution should be taken into account when conducting bioavailability studies. Nanosized cocrystals have shown a high potential towards improving absorption of poorly soluble drugs.
Conclusions: Cocrystals have found their way from the proof-of-principle stage to the clinic. Up to now, at least two cocrystal products have gained approval from regulatory bodies. However, there are remaining challenges on safety, predicting in vivo behavior and revealing real potential of cocrystals in the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Emami
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Siahi-Shadbad
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali
- Biotechnology Research Center, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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23
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Duggirala NK, Frericks Schmidt HL, Lei Z, Zaworotko MJ, Krzyzaniak JF, Arora KK. Solid-State Characterization and Relative Formation Enthalpies To Evaluate Stability of Cocrystals of an Antidiabetic Drug. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1901-1908. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naga Kiran Duggirala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | | | - Zhaohui Lei
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Analytical Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael J. Zaworotko
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Joseph F. Krzyzaniak
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Drug Product Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kapildev K. Arora
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Drug Product Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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