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Ghemrawi R, Abuamer L, Kremesh S, Hussien G, Ahmed R, Mousa W, Khoder G, Khair M. Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment: Recent Advances in Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2158. [PMID: 39335671 PMCID: PMC11429153 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12092158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative approach in oncology, utilizing the body's immune system to specifically target and destroy malignant cells. This review explores the scope and impact of various immunotherapeutic strategies, including monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine therapy, and therapeutic vaccines. Monoclonal antibodies, such as Rituximab and Trastuzumab, have revolutionized treatment paradigms for lymphoma and breast cancer by offering targeted interventions that reduce off-target effects. CAR-T cell therapy presents a potentially curative option for refractory hematologic malignancies, although challenges remain in effectively treating solid tumors. Checkpoint inhibitors have redefined the management of cancers like melanoma and lung cancer; however, managing immune-related adverse events and ensuring durable responses are critical areas of focus. Cytokine therapy continues to play a vital role in modulating the immune response, with advancements in cytokine engineering improving specificity and reducing systemic toxicity. Therapeutic vaccines, particularly mRNA-based vaccines, represent a frontier in personalized cancer treatment, aiming to generate robust, long-lasting immune responses against tumor-specific antigens. Despite these advancements, the field faces significant challenges, including immune resistance, tumor heterogeneity, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Future research should address these obstacles through emerging technologies, such as next-generation antibodies, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-based gene editing, and AI-driven drug discovery. By integrating these novel approaches, cancer immunotherapy holds the promise of offering more durable, less toxic, and highly personalized treatment options, ultimately improving patient outcomes and survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Ghemrawi
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lama Abuamer
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sedra Kremesh
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghadeer Hussien
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rahaf Ahmed
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Walaa Mousa
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghalia Khoder
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceuticals Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mostafa Khair
- Core Technology Platforms, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
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Cong Y, Devoogdt N, Lambin P, Dubois LJ, Yaromina A. Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches Based on VHHs for Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:371. [PMID: 38254860 PMCID: PMC10814765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the distinctive structure of heavy chain-only antibodies in species belonging to the Camelidae family has elicited significant interest in their variable antigen binding domain (VHH) and gained attention for various applications, such as cancer diagnosis and treatment. This article presents an overview of the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of VHHs as compared to conventional antibodies, and their usage in diverse applications. The singular properties of VHHs are explained, and several strategies that can augment their utility are outlined. The preclinical studies illustrating the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of distinct VHHs in diverse formats against solid cancers are summarized, and an overview of the clinical trials assessing VHH-based agents in oncology is provided. These investigations demonstrate the enormous potential of VHHs for medical research and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cong
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group (MITH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J. Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Ala Yaromina
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
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Zheng Q, Du X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Dong W, Dai X, Gu D. Delivery of SIRT1 by cancer-associated adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles regulates immune response and tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:190-203. [PMID: 37311988 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study intends to investigate the possible molecular mechanism of immune response and tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer cells, mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) (CAA-EVs). METHODS Differentially expressed genes in EVs from CAAs were screened by RNA transcriptome sequencing, and the downstream pathway was predicted in silico. The binding between SIRT1 and CD24 was investigated by luciferase activity and ChIP-PCR assays. EVs were extracted from human ovarian cancer tissue-isolated CAAs, and the internalization of CCA-EVs by ovarian cancer cells was characterized. The ovarian cancer cell line was injected into mice to establish an animal model. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the proportions of M1 and M2 macrophages, CD8+ T, T-reg, and CD4+ T cells. TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis in the mouse tumor tissues. ELISA detection was performed on immune-related factors in the serum of mice. RESULTS CAA-EVs could deliver SIRT1 to ovarian cancer cells, thereby affecting the immune response of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and promoting tumorigenesis in vivo. SIRT1 could transcriptionally activate the expression of CD24, and CD24 could up-regulate Siglec-10 expression. CAA-EVs-SIRT1 activated the CD24/Siglec-10 axis and promoted CD8+ T cell apoptosis, thereby promoting tumorigenesis in mice. CONCLUSION CAA-EVs-mediated transfer of SIRT1 regulates the CD24/Siglec-10 axis to curb immune response and promote tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiuluan Du
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Huqiu District, No. 1, Lijiang Road, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Huqiu District, No. 1, Lijiang Road, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanxiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Huqiu District, No. 1, Lijiang Road, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weijia Dong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Huqiu District, No. 1, Lijiang Road, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Donghua Gu
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Huqiu District, No. 1, Lijiang Road, Suzhou, 215153, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Nguyen MQ, Kim DH, Shim HJ, Ta HKK, Vu TL, Nguyen TKO, Lim JC, Choe H. Novel Anti-Mesothelin Nanobodies and Recombinant Immunotoxins with Pseudomonas Exotoxin Catalytic Domain for Cancer Therapeutics. Mol Cells 2023; 46:764-777. [PMID: 38052492 PMCID: PMC10701305 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) are fusion proteins consisting of a targeting domain linked to a toxin, offering a highly specific therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In this study, we engineered and characterized RITs aimed at mesothelin, a cell surface glycoprotein overexpressed in various malignancies. Through an extensive screening of a large nanobody library, four mesothelin-specific nanobodies were selected and genetically fused to a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE24B). Various optimizations, including the incorporation of furin cleavage sites, maltose-binding protein tags, and tobacco etch virus protease cleavage sites, were implemented to improve protein expression, solubility, and purification. The RITs were successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli, achieving high solubility and purity post-purification. In vitro cytotoxicity assays on gastric carcinoma cell lines NCI-N87 and AGS revealed that Meso(Nb2)-PE24B demonstrated the highest cytotoxic efficacy, warranting further characterization. This RIT also displayed selective binding to human and monkey mesothelins but not to mouse mesothelin. The competitive binding assays between different RIT constructs revealed significant alterations in IC50 values, emphasizing the importance of nanobody specificity. Finally, a modification in the endoplasmic reticulum retention signal at the C-terminus further augmented its cytotoxic activity. Our findings offer valuable insights into the design and optimization of RITs, showcasing the potential of Meso(Nb2)-PE24B as a promising therapeutic candidate for targeted cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Quan Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | | | | | - Huynh Kim Khanh Ta
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Thi Luong Vu
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Thi Kieu Oanh Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | | | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
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Benloucif A, Meyer D, Balasse L, Goubard A, Danner L, Bouhlel A, Castellano R, Guillet B, Chames P, Kerfelec B. Rapid nanobody-based imaging of mesothelin expressing malignancies compatible with blocking therapeutic antibodies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200652. [PMID: 37388728 PMCID: PMC10303918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesothelin (MSLN) is overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers with few therapeutic options and has recently emerged as an attractive target for cancer therapy, with a large number of approaches currently under preclinical and clinical investigation. In this respect, developing mesothelin specific tracers as molecular companion tools for predicting patient eligibility, monitoring then response to mesothelin-targeting therapies, and tracking the evolution of the disease or for real-time visualisation of tumours during surgery is of growing importance. Methods We generated by phage display a nanobody (Nb S1) and used enzymatic approaches were used to site-directed conjugate Nb S1 with either ATTO 647N fluorochrome or NODAGA chelator for fluorescence and positron emission tomography imaging (PET) respectively. Results We demonstrated that Nb S1 displays a high apparent affinity and specificity for human mesothelin and demonstrated that the binding, although located in the membrane distal domain of mesothelin, is not impeded by the presence of MUC16, the only known ligand of mesothelin, nor by the therapeutic antibody amatuximab. In vivo experiments showed that both ATTO 647N and [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-S1 rapidly and specifically accumulated in mesothelin positive tumours compared to mesothelin negative tumours or irrelevant Nb with a high tumour/background ratio. The ex vivo biodistribution profile analysis also confirmed a significantly higher uptake of Nb S1 in MSLN-positive tumours than in MSLNlow tumours. Conclusion We demonstrated for the first time the use of an anti-MSLN nanobody as PET radiotracer for same day imaging of MSLN+ tumours, targeting an epitope compatible with the monitoring of amatuximab-based therapies and current SS1-derived-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdennour Benloucif
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Damien Meyer
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Laure Balasse
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Medicale (CERIMED), Marseille, France
- Aix-marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, Centre de recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Armelle Goubard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, TrGET Preclinical Platform, Marseille, France
| | - Lucile Danner
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Ahlem Bouhlel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Medicale (CERIMED), Marseille, France
- Aix-marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, Centre de recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Castellano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, TrGET Preclinical Platform, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Medicale (CERIMED), Marseille, France
- Aix-marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, Centre de recherche en Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Chames
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Kerfelec
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
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Yoshikawa R, Maeda A, Ueno Y, Sakai H, Kimura S, Sawadaishi T, Kohgo S, Yamada K, Mori T. Intraperitoneal administration of synthetic microRNA-214 elicits tumor suppression in an intraperitoneal dissemination mouse model of canine hemangiosarcoma. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:447-457. [PMID: 34988875 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) has an extremely poor prognosis, making it necessary to develop new systemic treatment methods. MicroRNA-214 (miR-214) is one of many microRNAs (miRNA) that can induce apoptosis in HSA cell lines. Synthetic miR-214 (miR-214/5AE), which showed higher cytotoxicity and greater nuclease resistance than mature miR-214, has been developed for clinical application. In this study, we evaluated the effects of miR-214/5AE on stage 2 HSA in a mouse model. Mice intraperitoneally administered with miR-214/5AE (5AE group) had significantly fewer intraperitoneal dissemination tumor foci (median number: 72.5 vs. 237.5; p < 0.05) and a lower median foci weight (0.26 g vs. 0.61 g; p < 0.05). Mice in the 5AE group had increased expression of p53 and cleaved caspase-3, and a significantly lower proportion of Ki-67-positive cells, than those in the non-specific miR group. Notably, no significant side effects were observed. These results indicate that intraperitoneal administration of miR-214/5AE exhibits antitumor effects in an intraperitoneal dissemination mouse model of HSA by inducing apoptosis and suppressing cell proliferation. These results provide a basis for future studies on the antitumor effect of miR-214/5AE for HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Yoshikawa
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ueno
- Course of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kimura
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Kohgo
- Biochemicals Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0816, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Biochemicals Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0816, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Giordano G, Ferioli E, Tafuni A. The Role of Mesothelin Expression in Serous Ovarian Carcinoma: Impacts on Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092283. [PMID: 35565412 PMCID: PMC9103848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a protein expressed in the mesothelial cell lining of the pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium; its biological functions in normal cells are still unknown. Experimental studies using knockout mice have suggested that this molecule does not play an important role in development and reproduction. In contrast, it has been observed that this molecule is produced in abnormal amounts in several malignant neoplasms, such as mesotheliomas and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Many molecular studies have also demonstrated that mesothelin is overexpressed in HSOCs. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of mesothelin and focus on its role in clinical and pathological diagnoses, as well as its impact on the prognosis of HSOC. Moreover, regarding the binding of MSLN to the ovarian cancer antigen CA125, which has been demonstrated in many studies, we also report on signal transduction pathways that may play an important role in the spread and neoplastic progression of this lethal neoplasm. Given that mesothelin is overexpressed in many solid tumours and has antigenic properties, this molecule could be considered an antigenic target for the treatment of many malignancies. Consequently, we also review the literature to report on mesothelin-targeting therapies for HSOC that have been recently investigated in many clinical studies.
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Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies: Promises and Challenges as Lifesaving Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095009. [PMID: 35563400 PMCID: PMC9100996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of camelid heavy-chain antibodies in 1993, there has been tremendous excitement for these antibody domains (VHHs/sdAbs/nanobodies) as research tools, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Commercially, several patents were granted to pioneering research groups in Belgium and the Netherlands between 1996–2001. Ablynx was established in 2001 with the aim of exploring the therapeutic applications and development of nanobody drugs. Extensive efforts over two decades at Ablynx led to the first approved nanobody drug, caplacizumab (Cablivi) by the EMA and FDA (2018–2019) for the treatment of rare blood clotting disorders in adults with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TPP). The relatively long development time between camelid sdAb discovery and their entry into the market reflects the novelty of the approach, together with intellectual property restrictions and freedom-to-operate issues. The approval of the first sdAb drug, together with the expiration of key patents, may open a new horizon for the emergence of camelid sdAbs as mainstream biotherapeutics in the years to come. It remains to be seen if nanobody-based drugs will be cheaper than traditional antibodies. In this review, I provide critical perspectives on camelid sdAbs and present the promises and challenges to their widespread adoption as diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
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Beltrán Hernández I, Grinwis GC, Di Maggio A, van Bergen en Henegouwen PM, Hennink WE, Teske E, Hesselink JW, van Nimwegen SA, Mol JA, Oliveira S. Nanobody-targeted photodynamic therapy for the treatment of feline oral carcinoma: a step towards translation to the veterinary clinic. NANOPHOTONICS 2021; 10:3075-3087. [PMID: 36405501 PMCID: PMC9646246 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanobody-targeted photodynamic therapy (NB-PDT) has been developed as a potent and tumor-selective treatment, using nanobodies (NBs) to deliver a photosensitizer (PS) specifically to cancer cells. Upon local light application, reactive oxygen species are formed and consequent cell death occurs. NB-PDT has preclinically shown evident success and we next aim to treat cats with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which has very limited therapeutic options and is regarded as a natural model of human head and neck SCC. Immunohistochemistry of feline OSCC tissue confirmed that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a relevant target with expression in cancer cells and not in the surrounding stroma. Three feline OSCC cell lines were employed together with a well-characterized human cancer cell line (HeLa), all with similar EGFR expression, and a low EGFR-expressing human cell line (MCF7), mirroring the EGFR expression level in the surrounding mucosal stroma. NBA was identified as a NB binding human and feline EGFR with comparable high affinity. This NB was developed into NiBh, a NB-PS conjugate with high PS payload able to effectively kill feline OSCC and HeLa cell lines, after illumination. Importantly, the specificity of NB-PDT was confirmed in co-cultures where only the feline OSCC cells were killed while surrounding MCF7 cells were unaffected. Altogether, NiBh can be used for NB-PDT to treat feline OSCC and further advance NB-PDT towards the human clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irati Beltrán Hernández
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CGUtrecht, the Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CHUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Guillaume C.M. Grinwis
- Department of Biomedical Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CLUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alessia Di Maggio
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CHUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul M.P. van Bergen en Henegouwen
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CHUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CGUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Teske
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CMUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan W. Hesselink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CMUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan A. van Nimwegen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CMUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CMUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CGUtrecht, the Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CHUtrecht, the Netherlands
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Brilhante-da-Silva N, de Oliveira Sousa RM, Arruda A, Dos Santos EL, Marinho ACM, Stabeli RG, Fernandes CFC, Pereira SDS. Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies for the Development of Potent Diagnosis Platforms. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:439-456. [PMID: 34146333 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The distinct biophysical and pharmaceutical properties of camelid single-domain antibodies, referred to as VHHs or nanobodies, are associated with their nanometric dimensions, elevated stability, and antigen recognition capacity. These biomolecules can circumvent a number of diagnostic system limitations, especially those related to the size and stability of conventional immunoglobulins currently used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and point-of-care, electrochemical, and imaging assays. In these formats, VHHs are directionally conjugated to different molecules, such as metallic nanoparticles, small peptides, and radioisotopes, which demonstrates their comprehensive versatility. Thus, the application of VHHs in diagnostic systems range from the identification of cancer cells to the detection of degenerative disease biomarkers, viral antigens, bacterial toxins, and insecticides. The improvements of sensitivity and specificity are among the central benefits resulting from the use of VHHs, which are indispensable parameters for high-quality diagnostics. Therefore, this review highlights the main biotechnological advances related to camelid single-domain antibodies and their use in in vitro and in vivo diagnostic approaches for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nairo Brilhante-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria de Oliveira Sousa
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Andrelisse Arruda
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Eliza Lima Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina Machado Marinho
- Plataforma de Desenvolvimento de Anticorpos e Nanocorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Ceará, Eusebio, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Guerino Stabeli
- Plataforma Bi-institucional de Medicina Translacional.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Freire Celedonio Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Plataforma de Desenvolvimento de Anticorpos e Nanocorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Ceará, Eusebio, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Soraya Dos Santos Pereira
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, 76812-245, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil.
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11
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Harmand TJ, Islam A, Pishesha N, Ploegh HL. Nanobodies as in vivo, non-invasive, imaging agents. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:685-701. [PMID: 34212147 PMCID: PMC8190910 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging has become in recent years an incredible tool to study biological events and has found critical applications in diagnostic medicine. Although a lot of efforts and applications have been achieved using monoclonal antibodies, other types of delivery agents are being developed. Among them, VHHs, antigen binding fragments derived from camelid heavy chain-only antibodies, also known as nanobodies, have particularly attracted attention. Indeed, their stability, fast clearance, good tissue penetration, high solubility, simple cloning and recombinant production make them attractive targeting agents for imaging modalities such as PET, SPECT or Infra-Red. In this review, we discuss the pioneering work that has been carried out using VHHs and summarize the recent developments that have been made using nanobodies for in vivo, non-invasive, imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault J Harmand
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Ashraful Islam
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromso Norway
| | - Novalia Pishesha
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Society of Fellows, Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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12
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Kravchenko Y, Chumakov SP, Frolova EI. New anti-mesothelin single-domain antibodies and cell models for developing targeted breast cancer therapy. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are characterized by elevated expression of mesothelin (MSLN), a cell surface antigen and one of the preferred targets for the therapy of solid tumors. Most continuous TNBC cell lines are MSLN-negative, which obstructs the development of MSLN-targeted therapy for TNBC. The aim of this study was to identify TNBC cell lines with MSLN hyperexpression and to obtain single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) capable of recognizing MSLN in TNBC cells. Mesothelin expression levels were measured in the panel of TNBC cell lines by real-time reverse-transcription PCR. PCR results were verified by measuring concentrations of the megakaryocyte potentiating factor (the secreted fragment of the mesothelin precursor) using sandwich ELISA. Immune phage-display VHH fragment libraries were prepared from mononuclear cells of Vicugna pacos using a modified library enrichment protocol. Two nanobody variants with high specificity for the target and Kd of about 140 and 95 nmol, respectively were obtained. Two MSLN+ and three MSLN– cell lines were identified in the TNBC cell lines panel. The nanobodies demonstrated the ability to recognize the target antigen in MSLN+ cells and had the low ability to bind to MSLN– cells. Thus, we found a convenient MSLN+ TNBC cell model for MSLN-targeted therapy testing. The new single-domain antibodies can be used as targeting components of chimeric antigen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuE Kravchenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - SP Chumakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - EI Frolova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Shen J, Sun X, Zhou J. Insights Into the Role of Mesothelin as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1263. [PMID: 32983962 PMCID: PMC7485315 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian malignancies remain the leading cause of death in female gynecological tumors. More than 70% of patients are diagnosed with advanced stage with extensive metastatic lesions in abdominal cavity due to lack of symptoms in early stage and sensitive diagnostic approaches. Mesothelin (MSLN), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane glycoprotein, participates in cell adhesion, tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Despite this, the mechanism is still poorly understood. The differential expression pattern of MSLN in normal and cancer tissues makes it a promising target for diagnosis and therapeutic applications. Several clinical trials are underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MSLN-targeted drugs, including CAR T cells, immunotoxin, antibody-drug conjugates, and vaccine. This review is aimed to briefly discuss the characteristics of MSLN and the latest progress in MSLN targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Shen
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Yang EY, Shah K. Nanobodies: Next Generation of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1182. [PMID: 32793488 PMCID: PMC7390931 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of targeted medicine has greatly expanded treatment options and spurred new research avenues in cancer therapeutics, with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) emerging as a prevalent treatment in recent years. With mixed clinical success, mAbs still hold significant shortcomings, as they possess limited tumor penetration, high manufacturing costs, and the potential to develop therapeutic resistance. However, the recent discovery of “nanobodies,” the smallest-known functional antibody fragment, has demonstrated significant translational potential in preclinical and clinical studies. This review highlights their various applications in cancer and analyzes their trajectory toward their translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Y Yang
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Departments of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Departments of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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15
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Azizi M, Dianat-Moghadam H, Salehi R, Farshbaf M, Iyengar D, Sau S, Iyer AK, Valizadeh H, Mehrmohammadi M, Hamblin MR. Interactions Between Tumor Biology and Targeted Nanoplatforms for Imaging Applications. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1910402. [PMID: 34093104 PMCID: PMC8174103 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201910402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable efforts have been conducted to diagnose, improve, and treat cancer in the past few decades, existing therapeutic options are insufficient, as mortality and morbidity rates remain high. Perhaps the best hope for substantial improvement lies in early detection. Recent advances in nanotechnology are expected to increase the current understanding of tumor biology, and will allow nanomaterials to be used for targeting and imaging both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Owing to their intrinsic physicochemical characteristics, nanostructures (NSs) are valuable tools that have received much attention in nanoimaging. Consequently, rationally designed NSs have been successfully employed in cancer imaging for targeting cancer-specific or cancer-associated molecules and pathways. This review categorizes imaging and targeting approaches according to cancer type, and also highlights some new safe approaches involving membrane-coated nanoparticles, tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNAs, and cancer stem cells in the hope of developing more precise targeting and multifunctional nanotechnology-based imaging probes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Azizi
- Proteomics Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665621, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
| | - Masoud Farshbaf
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 6581151656, Iran
| | - Disha Iyengar
- U-BiND Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Samaresh Sau
- U-BiND Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Arun K Iyer
- U-BiND Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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16
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Deken MM, Kijanka MM, Beltrán Hernández I, Slooter MD, de Bruijn HS, van Diest PJ, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Lowik CWGM, Robinson DJ, Vahrmeijer AL, Oliveira S. Nanobody-targeted photodynamic therapy induces significant tumor regression of trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer, after a single treatment session. J Control Release 2020; 323:269-281. [PMID: 32330574 PMCID: PMC7116241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rationale A substantial number of breast cancer patients with an overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy or become resistant to trastuzumab. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using nanobodies targeted to HER2 is a promising treatment option for these patients. Here we investigate the in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy of HER2-targeted nanobody-photosensitizer (PS) conjugate PDT. Methods Nanobodies targeting HER2 were obtained from phage display selections. Monovalent nanobodies were engineered into a biparatopic construct. The specificity of selected nanobodies was tested in immunofluorescence assays and their affinity was evaluated in binding studies, both performed in a panel of breast cancer cells varying in HER2 expression levels. The selected HER2-targeted nanobodies 1D5 and 1D5-18A12 were conjugated to the photosensitizer IRDye700DX and tested in in vitro PDT assays. Mice bearing orthotopic HCC1954 trastuzumab-resistant tumors with high HER2 expression or MCF-7 tumors with low HER2 expression were intravenously injected with nanobody-PS conjugates. Quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy was performed for the determination of the local pharmacokinetics of the fluorescence conjugates. After nanobody-PS administration, tumors were illuminated to a fluence of 100 J∙cm-2, with a fluence rate of 50 mW∙cm-2, and thereafter tumor growth was measured with a follow-up until 30 days. Results The selected nanobodies remained functional after conjugation to the PS, binding specifically and with high affinity to HER2-positive cells. Both nanobody-PS conjugates potently and selectively induced cell death of HER2 overexpressing cells, either sensitive or resistant to trastuzumab, with low nanomolar LD50 values. In vivo, quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy showed specific accumulation of nanobody-PS conjugates in HCC1954 tumors and indicated 2 h post injection as the most suitable time point to apply light. Nanobody-targeted PDT with 1D5-PS and 1D5-18A12-PS induced significant tumor regression of trastuzumab-resistant high HER2 expressing tumors, whereas in low HER2 expressing tumors only a slight growth delay was observed. Conclusion Nanobody-PS conjugates accumulated selectively in vivo and their fluorescence could be detected through optical imaging. Upon illumination, they selectively induced significant tumor regression of HER2 overexpressing tumors with a single treatment session. Nanobody-targeted PDT is therefore suggested as a new additional treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer, particularly of interest for trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer. Further studies are now needed to assess the value of this approach in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion M Deken
- Dept. of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marta M Kijanka
- Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Irati Beltrán Hernández
- Pharmaceutics, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maxime D Slooter
- Dept. of Radiology, Division of Molecular Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henriette S de Bruijn
- Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Dept. of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul M P van Bergen En Henegouwen
- Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Clemens W G M Lowik
- Dept. of Radiology, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dominic J Robinson
- Dept. of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Pharmaceutics, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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17
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Zhao L, Liu Y, Zhao F, Jin Y, Feng J, Geng R, Sun J, Kang L, Yu L, Wei Y. Inhibition of Cholesterol Esterification Enzyme Enhances the Potency of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells against Pancreatic Carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 16:262-271. [PMID: 32181327 PMCID: PMC7063140 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of inhibiting cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT-1) in chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells on potentiating the antitumor response against mesothelin (MSLN)-expressing pancreatic carcinoma (PC) cells. We engineered ACAT-1-inhibited CAR-T cells (CAR-T-1847 and CAR-T-1848) using the targeting MSLN CAR lentiviral vector and small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the conserved region of the ACAT-1 gene, and characterized the efficacy of these modified CAR-T cells in terms of the cytotoxicity and cytokine release of both MSLN-positive and MSLN-negative PC cells using in vitro methods and in vivo mouse xenografts. The ACAT-1-inhibited CAR-T-1847 and CAR-T-1848 cells showed a higher cytotoxicity at effector-to-target cell (E:T) ratios of 8:1 and 10:1, respectively, and induced a higher secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) in vitro. In addition, bioluminescence imaging of tumor xenografts of ACAT-1-inhibited targeting MSLN CAR-T cells in MSLN-positive PC mice in vivo showed significant tumor regression, which is consistent with the in vitro observations. Our findings demonstrate a novel immunotherapeutic strategy involving the transplantation of ACAT-1-inhibited targeting MSLN CAR-T cells and the feasibility of enhancing the antitumor potency of CAR-T through the novel strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Fuya Zhao
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Rui Geng
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Liqing Kang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunwei Wei
- Oncological and Laparoscopic Surgery Department, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang 150001, China
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18
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Lecocq Q, De Vlaeminck Y, Hanssens H, D'Huyvetter M, Raes G, Goyvaerts C, Keyaerts M, Devoogdt N, Breckpot K. Theranostics in immuno-oncology using nanobody derivatives. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7772-7791. [PMID: 31695800 PMCID: PMC6831473 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have become mainstream in cancer treatment. However, only patient subsets benefit from these expensive therapies, and often responses are short‐lived or coincide with side effects. A growing modality in precision oncology is the development of theranostics, as this enables patient selection, treatment and monitoring. In this approach, labeled compounds and an imaging technology are used to diagnose patients and select the best treatment option, whereas for therapy, related compounds are used to target cancer cells or the tumor stroma. In this context, nanobodies and nanobody-directed therapeutics have gained interest. This interest stems from their high antigen specificity, small size, ease of labeling and engineering, allowing specific imaging and design of therapies targeting antigens on tumor cells, immune cells as well as proteins in the tumor environment. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the state-of-the-art regarding the use of nanobodies as theranostics, and their importance in the emerging field of personalized medicine.
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19
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Lu Z, Kamat K, Johnson BP, Yin CC, Scholler N, Abbott KL. Generation of a Fully Human scFv that binds Tumor-Specific Glycoforms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5101. [PMID: 30911061 PMCID: PMC6433917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific glycosylation changes are an attractive target for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Periostin is a glycoprotein with high expression in many tumors of epithelial origin including ovarian cancer. Strategies to target the peptide portion of periostin as a diagnostic or therapeutic biomarker for cancer are limited due to increased expression of periostin in non-cancerous inflammatory conditions. Here, we have screened for antibody fragments that recognize the tumor-specific glycosylation present on glycoforms of periostin containing bisecting N-glycans in ovarian cancer using a yeast-display library of antibody fragments, while subtracting those that bind to the periostin protein with glycoforms found in non-malignant cell types. We generated a biotinylated form of a fully human scFv antibody (scFvC9) that targets the bisecting N-glycans expressed by cancer cells. Validation studies in vitro and in vivo using scFvC9 indicate this antibody can be useful for the development of diagnostic, imaging, and therapeutic applications for cancers that express the antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpeng Lu
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Kalika Kamat
- SRI International Biosciences Division, Center for Cancer and Metabolism, Menlo Park, CA, 94025-3493, USA
| | - Blake P Johnson
- Ouachita Baptist University, Department of Biology, Arkadelphia, AR, 71998, USA
| | - Catherin C Yin
- SRI International Biosciences Division, Center for Cancer and Metabolism, Menlo Park, CA, 94025-3493, USA
| | - Nathalie Scholler
- SRI International Biosciences Division, Center for Cancer and Metabolism, Menlo Park, CA, 94025-3493, USA
| | - Karen L Abbott
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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20
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Hilliard TS. The Impact of Mesothelin in the Ovarian Cancer Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E277. [PMID: 30134520 PMCID: PMC6162689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological disease among U.S. women. Poor 5-year survival rates (<30%) are due to presentation of most women at diagnosis with advanced stage disease with widely disseminated intraperitoneal metastasis. However, when diagnosed before metastatic propagation the overall 5-year survival rate is >90%. Metastasizing tumor cells grow rapidly and aggressively attach to the mesothelium of all organs within the peritoneal cavity, including the parietal peritoneum and the omentum, producing secondary lesions. In this review, the involvement of mesothelin (MSLN) in the tumor microenvironment is discussed. MSLN, a 40kDa glycoprotein that is overexpressed in many cancers including ovarian and mesotheliomas is suggested to play a role in cell survival, proliferation, tumor progression, and adherence. However, the biological function of MSLN is not fully understood as MSLN knockout mice do not present with an abnormal phenotype. Conversely, MSLN has been shown to bind to the ovarian cancer antigen, CA-125, and thought to play a role in the peritoneal diffusion of ovarian tumor cells. Although the cancer-specific expression of MSLN makes it a potential therapeutic target, more studies are needed to validate the role of MSLN in tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyvette S Hilliard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA.
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