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Binkhathlan Z, Ali R, Alomrani AH, Abul Kalam M, Alshamsan A, Lavasanifar A. Role of Polymeric Micelles in Ocular Drug Delivery: An Overview of Decades of Research. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5359-5382. [PMID: 37769017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Local drug delivery to the eye through conventional means has faced many challenges due to three essential barriers: (a) the complex structure of the cornea limiting drug absorption, (b) the capacity of ocular absorptive cells in drug metabolism, and (c) the washing effect of eye tears. Polymeric micelles (PMs) have been the focus of much interest for ocular drug delivery due to several advantages they provide for this application, including the capacity for the solubilization of hydrophobic drugs, nonirritability, nanoscopic diameter, and the clarity of their aqueous solution not interfering with vision. The potential to increase the release and residence time of incorporated medication at the site of absorption is also a bonus advantage for these delivery systems. This Review covers research conducted on single or mixed micelles prepared from small amphiphilic molecules, copolymers (diblock, triblock, and graft), and gel systems containing micelles. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the status of micellar ocular delivery systems for different indications, with a focus on preclinical and clinical drug development. In this context, we are discussing the anatomy of the eye, various ocular barriers, different micellar formulations, and their benefits in ocular drug delivery, as well as the role of PMs in the management of ocular diseases both in preclinical models and in clinic. The encouraging preclinical effectiveness findings from experiments conducted in both laboratory settings and live animals have paved the way for the advancement of micellar systems in clinical trials for ocular administration and the first nanomicallar formulation approved for clinical use by the United States Food and Drug Administration (marketed as Cequa by Sun Pharmaceuticals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad Binkhathlan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah H Alomrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Abul Kalam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws Alshamsan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Nanobiotechnology Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2 V4, Canada
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Wu KY, Tan K, Akbar D, Choulakian MY, Tran SD. A New Era in Ocular Therapeutics: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Uveitis and Neuro-Ophthalmologic Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1952. [PMID: 37514137 PMCID: PMC10385446 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye's intricate anatomical barriers pose significant challenges to the penetration, residence time, and bioavailability of topically applied medications, particularly in managing uveitis and neuro-ophthalmologic conditions. Addressing this issue, polymeric nano-based drug delivery systems (DDS) have surfaced as a promising solution. These systems enhance drug bioavailability in hard-to-reach target tissues, extend residence time within ocular tissues, and utilize biodegradable and nanosized polymers to reduce undesirable side effects. Thus, they have stimulated substantial interest in crafting innovative treatments for uveitis and neuro-ophthalmologic diseases. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of polymeric nano-based DDS used for managing these conditions. We discuss the present therapeutic hurdles posed by these diseases and explore the potential role of various biopolymers in broadening our treatment repertoire. Our study incorporates a detailed literature review of preclinical and clinical studies from 2017 to 2023. Owing to advancements in polymer science, ocular DDS has made rapid strides, showing tremendous potential to revolutionize the treatment of patients with uveitis and neuro-ophthalmologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Kenneth Tan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Dania Akbar
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Mazen Y Choulakian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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Spartalis C, Stübiger N, Spitzer MS, Bartsch U, Atiskova Y. The Challenge of Treating the Severest Forms of Chronic Noninfectious Posterior and Panuveitis. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2023. [PMID: 37494271 DOI: 10.1055/a-2074-9102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninfectious posterior and panuveitis may exhibit a chronic relapsing clinical course and are challenging to treat. Most affected patients are continuously treated with systemic immunosuppressive therapy, which is potentially associated with significant adverse side effects. METHODS A cohort of 18 patients presenting with severe noninfectious posterior or panuveitis were evaluated with respect to the clinical course of the disease, with particular focus on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), treatment duration, remission rates, reported negative side effects, and the necessity for switching medication. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 27.8 months. Although BCVA improved significantly, complete or partial remission was observed in only 66.7% of patients. Of the patients, 72.2% underwent a change in medical treatment due to either adverse events or inefficacy of medication. CONCLUSION Despite new immunosuppressive therapies, effective treatment of severe noninfectious posterior and panuveitis remains a major challenge. We discuss the urgent need for novel treatment strategies in order to prevent systemic adverse effects, and to improve visual outcome and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Stübiger
- Ophthalmology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin S Spitzer
- Ophthalmology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Bartsch
- Ophthalmology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Xiao X, Liu Z, Su G, Liu H, Yin W, Guan Y, Jing S, Du L, Li F, Li N, Yang P. A novel uveitis model induced by lipopolysaccharide in zebrafish. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1042849. [PMID: 36532084 PMCID: PMC9751191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) is an important tool for human uveitis study. This study was designed to develop a novel EIU model in zebrafish. Methods An EIU model in zebrafish was induced by intravitreal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and was assessed dynamically. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to assess infiltrating cells in the vitreous body. The histological changes wereevaluated using HE staining and immune cells were measured by immunofluorescence. The retinal RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to explore the transcriptional changes during inflammation. RNA-Seq data were analyzed using time-course sequencing data analysis (TCseq), ClueGO plugin in Cytoscape, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software. Flow cytometry and retinal flat mounts were used to dynamically quantify the immune cells. Results EIU was successfully induced in zebrafish following intravitreal LPS injection. Inflammation appeared at 4 hours post injection (hpi), reached its peak at 24 hpi, and then resolved at 72 hpi. Immunofluorescence confirmed that massive influx ofneutrophils into the iris and vitreous body, and activation of microglia as evidenced by ameboid-shaped appearance in the retina. Retinal RNA-seq during the EIU course identified four gene clusters with distinct expression characteristics related to Toll-likereceptor signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, respectively. Prednisone immersion inhibited the inflammatory response of EIU in zebrafish, whichwas confirmed by decreased neutrophils detected in flow cytometry and retinal flat mounts. Conclusions We developed a novel EIU model in zebrafish, which may be particularly useful for gene-editing and high-throughput screening of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhangluxi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Yin
- Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Guan
- Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shixiang Jing
- Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Du
- Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuzhen Li
- Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Henan Province Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Peizeng Yang,
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The Use of Polymer Blends in the Treatment of Ocular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071431. [PMID: 35890326 PMCID: PMC9322751 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye is an organ with limited drug access due to its anatomical and physiological barriers, and the usual forms of ocular administration are limited in terms of drug penetration, residence time, and bioavailability, as well as low patient compliance. Hence, therapeutic innovations in new drug delivery systems (DDS) have been widely explored since they show numerous advantages over conventional methods, besides delivering the content to the eye without interfering with its normal functioning. Polymers are usually used in DDS and many of them are applicable to ophthalmic use, especially biodegradable ones. Even so, it can be a hard task to find a singular polymer with all the desirable properties to deliver the best performance, and combining two or more polymers in a blend has proven to be more convenient, efficient, and cost-effective. This review was carried out to assess the use of polymer blends as DDS. The search conducted in the databases of Pubmed and Scopus for specific terms revealed that although the physical combination of polymers is largely applied, the term polymer blend still has low compliance.
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Darie-Niță RN, Râpă M, Frąckowiak S. Special Features of Polyester-Based Materials for Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050951. [PMID: 35267774 PMCID: PMC8912343 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents current possibilities of using polyester-based materials in hard and soft tissue engineering, wound dressings, surgical implants, vascular reconstructive surgery, ophthalmology, and other medical applications. The review summarizes the recent literature on the key features of processing methods and potential suitable combinations of polyester-based materials with improved physicochemical and biological properties that meet the specific requirements for selected medical fields. The polyester materials used in multiresistant infection prevention, including during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as aspects covering environmental concerns, current risks and limitations, and potential future directions are also addressed. Depending on the different features of polyester types, as well as their specific medical applications, it can be generally estimated that 25–50% polyesters are used in the medical field, while an increase of at least 20% has been achieved since the COVID-19 pandemic started. The remaining percentage is provided by other types of natural or synthetic polymers; i.e., 25% polyolefins in personal protection equipment (PPE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Nicoleta Darie-Niță
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers Department, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Maria Râpă
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Stanisław Frąckowiak
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology, 50-013 Wrocław, Poland;
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Polymer nanotherapeutics to correct autoimmunity. J Control Release 2022; 343:152-174. [PMID: 34990701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immune system maintains homeostasis and protects the body from pathogens, mutated cells, and other harmful substances. When immune homeostasis is disrupted, excessive autoimmunity will lead to diseases. To inhibit the unexpected immune responses and reduce the impact of treatment on immunoprotective functions, polymer nanotherapeutics, such as nanomedicines, nanovaccines, and nanodecoys, were developed as part of an advanced strategy for precise immunomodulation. Nanomedicines transport cytotoxic drugs to target sites to reduce the occurrence of side effects and increase the stability and bioactivity of various immunomodulating agents, especially nucleic acids and cytokines. In addition, polymer nanomaterials carrying autoantigens used as nanovaccines can induce antigen-specific immune tolerance without interfering with protective immune responses. The precise immunomodulatory function of nanovaccines has broad prospects for the treatment of immune related-diseases. Besides, nanodecoys, which are designed to protect the body from various pathogenic substances by intravenous administration, are a simple and relatively noninvasive treatment. Herein, we have discussed and predicted the application of polymer nanotherapeutics in the correction of autoimmunity, including treating autoimmune diseases, controlling hypersensitivity, and avoiding transplant rejection.
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Li Z, Liu M, Ke L, Wang LJ, Wu C, Li C, Li Z, Wu YL. Flexible polymeric nanosized micelles for ophthalmic drug delivery: research progress in the last three years. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5240-5254. [PMID: 36132623 PMCID: PMC9417891 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00596k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The eye is a complex structure with a variety of anatomical barriers and clearance mechanisms, so the provision of safe and effective ophthalmic drug delivery technology is a major challenge. In the past few decades, a number of reports have shown that nano-delivery platforms based on polymeric micelles are of great interest, because of their hydrophobic core that encapsulates lipid-soluble drugs and small size with high penetration, allowing long-term drug retention and posterior penetration in the eye. Furthermore, as an ocular delivery platform, polymeric micelles not only cover the single micellar drug delivery system formed by poloxamer, chitosan or other polymers, but also include composite drug delivery systems like micelle-encapsulated hydrogels and micelle-embedded contact lenses. In this review, a number of ophthalmic micelles that have emerged in the last three years will be systematically reviewed, with a summary of and discussion on their unique advantages or unique drug delivery performance. Last but not least, the current challenges of polymeric micelle formulations in potential clinical ophthalmic therapeutic applications will also be proposed, which might be helpful for future design of ocular drug delivery formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Minting Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Lingjie Ke
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Caisheng Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Cheng Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science & Ocular Surface and Corneal Diseases, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
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