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Hogwood J, Mulloy B, Lever R, Gray E, Page CP. Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs: An Update. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:328-379. [PMID: 36792365 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin has been used extensively as an antithrombotic and anticoagulant for close to 100 years. This anticoagulant activity is attributed mainly to the pentasaccharide sequence, which potentiates the inhibitory action of antithrombin, a major inhibitor of the coagulation cascade. More recently it has been elucidated that heparin exhibits anti-inflammatory effect via interference of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and this may also contribute to heparin's antithrombotic activity. This illustrates that heparin interacts with a broad range of biomolecules, exerting both anticoagulant and nonanticoagulant actions. Since our previous review, there has been an increased interest in these nonanticoagulant effects of heparin, with the beneficial role in patients infected with SARS2-coronavirus a highly topical example. This article provides an update on our previous review with more recent developments and observations made for these novel uses of heparin and an overview of the development status of heparin-based drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This state-of-the-art review covers recent developments in the use of heparin and heparin-like materials as anticoagulant, now including immunothrombosis observations, and as nonanticoagulant including a role in the treatment of SARS-coronavirus and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hogwood
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Rebeca Lever
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Elaine Gray
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
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Lin L, Li B, Han X, Zhang F, Zhang X, Linhardt RJ. A rolling circle amplification based platform for ultrasensitive detection of heparin. Analyst 2021; 146:714-720. [PMID: 33226386 PMCID: PMC7855511 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heparin has a variety of pharmacological uses, including applications for anti-tumor metastasis, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities and is widely used as a clinical anticoagulant. Due to its widespread applications in the clinical procedures, monitoring heparin levels is critically important to ensure the safe use of heparin and to prevent overdose and complications, such as hemorrhage and thrombocytopenia. However, traditional heparin detection relies on the measurements of the activated clotting time or activated partial thromboplastin time, which are not sufficiently reliable or accurate measurements for certain clinical settings. In this work, we describe a dumbbell probe-aided strategy for ultrasensitive and isothermal detection of heparin based on a uniquely strong protamine-heparin interaction and rolling circle amplification driven signal amplification. The detection limit for heparin is 12.5 ng mL-1 (0.83 nM), which is much lower than the therapeutic level of heparin in cardiovascular surgery (17-67 μM) and in postoperative and long-term treatment (1.7-10 μM). Additionally, the proposed sensing platform works well for heparin monitoring in human plasma samples. This simple and ultrasensitive heparin biosensor has potential application in diagnostics, therapeutics, and in biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lin
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, China
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Välimäki S, Liu Q, Schoonen L, Vervoort DFM, Nonappa, Linko V, Nolte RJM, van Hest JCM, Kostiainen MA. Engineered protein cages for selective heparin encapsulation. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1272-1276. [PMID: 33427277 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02541k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A heparin-specific binding peptide was conjugated to a cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) capsid protein, which was subsequently allowed to encapsulate heparin and form capsid-like protein cages. The encapsulation is specific and the capsid-heparin assemblies display negligible hemolytic activity, indicating proper blood compatibility and promising possibilities for heparin antidote applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Välimäki
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto FI-00076, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto FI-00076, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Lise Schoonen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Daan F M Vervoort
- Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Nonappa
- HYBER Centre, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - Veikko Linko
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto FI-00076, Espoo, Finland. and HYBER Centre, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands and Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Mauri A Kostiainen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto FI-00076, Espoo, Finland. and HYBER Centre, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
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Robinson SA, Hartman EC, Ikwuagwu BC, Francis MB, Tullman-Ercek D. Engineering a Virus-like Particle to Display Peptide Insertions Using an Apparent Fitness Landscape. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4194-4204. [PMID: 32880435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptide insertions in the primary sequence of proteins expand functionality by introducing new binding sequences, chemical handles, or membrane disrupting motifs. With these properties, proteins can be engineered as scaffolds for vaccines or targeted drug delivery vehicles. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising platforms for these applications since they are genetically simple, mimic viral structure for cell uptake, and can deliver multiple copies of a therapeutic agent to a given cell. Peptide insertions in the coat protein of VLPs can increase VLP uptake in cells by increasing cell binding, but it is difficult to predict how an insertion affects monomer folding and higher order assembly. To this end, we have engineered the MS2 VLP using a high-throughput technique, called Systematic Mutagenesis and Assembled Particle Selection (SyMAPS). In this work, we applied SyMAPS to investigate a highly mutable loop in the MS2 coat protein to display 9,261 non-native tripeptide insertions. This library generates a discrete map of three amino acid insertions permitted at this location, validates the FG loop as a valuable position for peptide insertion, and illuminates how properties such as charge, flexibility, and hydrogen bonding can interact to preserve or disrupt capsid assembly. Taken together, the results highlight the potential to engineer VLPs in a systematic manner, paving the way to exploring the applications of peptide insertions in biomedically relevant settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120, United States
| | - Emily C Hartman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Bon C Ikwuagwu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120, United States
| | - Matthew B Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Danielle Tullman-Ercek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Technological Institute E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120, United States
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Kato T, Machida Y, Takemura K, Xu J, Park EY. Preparation of divalent antigen-displaying enveloped virus-like particles using a single recombinant Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus bacmid in silkworms. J Biotechnol 2020; 323:92-97. [PMID: 32771428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Silkworms have been used as a host for the production of recombinant proteins in a baculovirus expression system using Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). To coexpress several recombinant proteins, a silkworm must be coinfected with several recombinant BmNPVs, which requires a difficult DNA manipulation procedure. In this study, we constructed recombinant BmNPVs containing three expression cassettes, Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Gag protein, surface antigen 1 of Neospora caninum (NcSAG1) and SAG1-related sequence 2 of N. caninum (NcSRS2), by Gibson assembly and the Bac-to-Bac system, designated BmNPV/SAG-SRS-Gag and BmNPV/SAG-Gag-SRS. BmNPV/SAG-SRS-Gag was expressed in silkworms and characterized. NcSAG1 and NcSRS2 were purified with RSV Gag proteins using sucrose density gradient centrifugation and affinity chromatography. RSV Gag formed virus-like particles (RSV-LPs) at a diameter of 20-30 nm based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immuno-TEM analysis showed that both NcSAG1 and NcSRS2 were displayed on the surface of the RSV-LPs. These results indicate that RSV-LPs displaying two different kinds of proteins were produced in the hemolymph of silkworm larvae by the single polycistronic strategy. This expression platform is efficient for generating multiantigen-displaying VLPs and facilitates the development of vaccines against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Machida
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenshin Takemura
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan; Institute of Biology and Information Science, Biomedical Synthetic Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan.
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La CC, Takeuchi LE, Abbina S, Vappala S, Abbasi U, Kizhakkedathu JN. Targeting Biological Polyanions in Blood: Strategies toward the Design of Therapeutics. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2595-2621. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yuan H, Ji W, Chu S, Liu Q, Guang J, Sun G, Zhang Y, Han X, Masson JF, Peng W. Au nanoparticles as label-free competitive reporters for sensitivity enhanced fiber-optic SPR heparin sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 154:112039. [PMID: 32056956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A label-free Au NPs-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor was developed for the ultrasensitive detection of heparin based on competitive adsorption behavior of heparin and Au NPs on the poly (dimethyl-diallylammonium chloride) (PDDA)-modified optical fiber surface and the corresponding change in the resonance wavelength of SPR. Due to the high affinity between heparin and PDDA, the present senor shows good analytical performance with respect to heparin detection. Two obvious advantages of the proposed heparin sensor over other reported methods are: its much wider linear concentration range (10-6-10-10 g/mL) and lower limit of detection (0.0257 ng/mL). The analysis of heparin in serum demonstrated that the present sensor exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity. It should be noted that the sensing strategy takes advantage of a portable fiber-optic SPR sensing system and avoids the need for complex processes for labeled-Au NPs, and thus the present sensor promises to be a practical tool for the point-of-care monitoring of heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Yuan
- College of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wei Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Shuwen Chu
- College of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jianye Guang
- College of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Guangyi Sun
- College of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiuyou Han
- College of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jean-Francois Masson
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, CP. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Qc, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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