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Holm R, Kuentz M, Ilie-Spiridon AR, Griffin BT. Lipid based formulations as supersaturating oral delivery systems: From current to future industrial applications. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106556. [PMID: 37543063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations, in particular supersaturated lipid-based formulations, are important delivery approaches when formulating challenging compounds, as especially low water-soluble compounds profit from delivery in a pre-dissolved state. In this article, the classification of lipid-based formulation is described, followed by a detailed discussion of different supersaturated lipid-based formulations and the recent advances reported in the literature. The supersaturated lipid-based formulations discussed include both the in situ forming supersaturated systems as well as the thermally induced supersaturated lipid-based formulations. The in situ forming drug supersaturation by lipid-based formulations has been widely employed and numerous clinically available products are on the market. There are some scientific gaps in the field, but in general there is a good understanding of the mechanisms driving the success of these systems. For thermally induced supersaturation, the technology is not yet fully understood and developed, hence more research is required in this field to explore the formulations beyond preclinical studies and initial clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Holm
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hofackerstr. 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
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2
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Statelova M, Holm R, Fotaki N, Reppas C, Vertzoni M. Usefulness of the Beagle Model in the Evaluation of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen Exposure after Oral Administration to Pediatric Populations: An Exploratory Study. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37125690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the usefulness of beagle dogs in combination with physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling in the evaluation of drug exposure after oral administration to pediatric populations at an early stage of pharmaceutical product development. An exploratory, single-dose, crossover bioavailability study in six beagles was performed. A paracetamol suspension and an ibuprofen suspension were coadministered in the fasted-state conditions, under reference-meal fed-state conditions, and under infant-formula fed-state conditions. PBPK models developed with GastroPlus v9.7 were used to inform the extrapolation of beagle data to human infants and children. Beagle-based simulation outcomes were compared with published human-adult-based simulations. For paracetamol, fasted-state conditions and reference-meal fed-state conditions in beagles appeared to provide adequate information for the applied scaling approach. Fasted-state and/or reference-meal fed-state conditions in beagles appeared suitable to simulate the performance of ibuprofen suspension in pediatric populations. Contrary to human-adult-based translations, extrapolations based on beagle data collected under infant-formula fed-state conditions appeared less useful for informing simulations of plasma levels in pediatric populations. Beagle data collected under fasted and/or reference-meal fed-state conditions appeared to be useful in the investigation of pediatric product performance of the two investigated highly permeable and highly soluble drugs in the upper small intestine. The suitability of the beagle as a preclinical model to understand pediatric drug product performance under different dosing conditions deserves further evaluation with a broader spectrum of drugs and drug products and comparisons with pediatric in vivo data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Statelova
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
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3
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Wuelfing WP, El Marrouni A, Lipert MP, Daublain P, Kesisoglou F, Converso A, Templeton AC. Dose Number as a Tool to Guide Lead Optimization for Orally Bioavailable Compounds in Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1685-1694. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Peter Wuelfing
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | | | - Maya P. Lipert
- AbbVie, Inc., 1401 Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Pierre Daublain
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | | | - Antonella Converso
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Allen C. Templeton
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065 United States
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Church ME, Ceja G, McGeehan M, Miller MC, Farias P, Sánchez MD, Swain GP, Assenmacher CA, Stopa EG, Vite CH, Bar-Or A, Alvarez JI. Meningeal B Cell Clusters Correlate with Submeningeal Pathology in a Natural Model of Multiple Sclerosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:44-54. [PMID: 34162727 PMCID: PMC8695639 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an idiopathic demyelinating disease in which meningeal inflammation correlates with accelerated disease progression. The study of meningeal inflammation in MS has been limited because of constrained access to MS brain/spinal cord specimens and the lack of experimental models recapitulating progressive MS. Unlike induced models, a spontaneously occurring model would offer a unique opportunity to understand MS immunopathogenesis and provide a compelling framework for translational research. We propose granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) as a natural model to study neuropathological aspects of MS. GME is an idiopathic, progressive neuroinflammatory disease of young dogs with a female bias. In the GME cases examined in this study, the meninges displayed focal and disseminated leptomeningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging, which correlated with heavy leptomeningeal lymphocytic infiltration. These leptomeningeal infiltrates resembled tertiary lymphoid organs containing large B cell clusters that included few proliferating Ki67+ cells, plasma cells, follicular dendritic/reticular cells, and germinal center B cell-like cells. These B cell collections were confined in a specialized network of collagen fibers associated with the expression of the lympho-organogenic chemokines CXCL13 and CCL21. Although neuroparenchymal perivascular infiltrates contained B cells, they lacked the immune signature of aggregates in the meningeal compartment. Finally, meningeal B cell accumulation correlated significantly with cortical demyelination reflecting neuropathological similarities to MS. Hence, during chronic neuroinflammation, the meningeal microenvironment sustains B cell accumulation that is accompanied by underlying neuroparenchymal injury, indicating GME as a novel, naturally occurring model to study compartmentalized neuroinflammation and the associated pathology thought to contribute to progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Church
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Guadalupe Ceja
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Megan McGeehan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Miles C Miller
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Priscilla Farias
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Melissa D Sánchez
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gary P Swain
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Edward G Stopa
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI; and
| | - Charles H Vite
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jorge I Alvarez
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA;
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Pawar BM, Rahman SNR, Pawde DM, Goswami A, Shunmugaperumal T. Orally Administered Drug Solubility-Enhancing Formulations: Lesson Learnt from Optimum Solubility-Permeability Balance. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:63. [PMID: 33528698 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oral drug delivery is considered as most acceptable route for administering the active pharmaceutical ingredients to patients of all age-groups with the exceptions of bed-ridden patients and infants, the extent and rate of drug reaching the systemic circulation (in other word, drug bioavailability) always depends on many factors such as drug solubility in gastrointestinal fluids and drug permeation into intraluminal epithelial membrane structure, absence (fasting state) and presence (fed state) of food materials in the gastrointestinal tract, and individual variations in gastric emptying time. Taking the most influential factors like drug solubility and its permeability into consideration, these two factors play a pivotal role and even act as the litmus test for the formulation scientists who involve in oral dosage form development. It is very clear that there should be an optimum solubility and permeability balance to be reachable for getting the desired drug bioavailability to exert the intended therapeutic activity. The objectives of current review are (1) to provide an overview of two-different categories of poorly water soluble API molecules, (2) to describe briefly three-different case studies taken from drug solubility-enhancing formulations dealing with interplay between solubility and permeability, and (3) to showcase selected examples of solubility-permeability interplay phenomena arising out from the various orally administrable dosage forms. The lessons learnt from the past and current literatures are certainly encouraging to go ahead for oral dosage form development but with the prior knowledge about the possible existence of solubility-permeability interplay/tradeoff phenomenon.
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Bennett-Lenane H, Koehl NJ, O'Dwyer PJ, Box KJ, O'Shea JP, Griffin BT. Applying Computational Predictions of Biorelevant Solubility Ratio Upon Self-Emulsifying Lipid-Based Formulations Dispersion to Predict Dose Number. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:164-175. [PMID: 33144233 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Computational approaches are increasingly utilised in development of bio-enabling formulations, including self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), facilitating early indicators of success. This study investigated if in silico predictions of drug solubility gain i.e. solubility ratios (SR), after dispersion of a SEDDS in biorelevant media could be predicted from drug properties. Apparent solubility upon dispersion of two SEDDS in FaSSIF was measured for 30 structurally diverse poorly water soluble drugs. Increased drug solubility upon SEDDS dispersion was observed in all cases, with higher SRs observed for cationic and neutral versus anionic drugs at pH 6.5. Molecular descriptors and solid-state properties were used as inputs during partial least squares (PLS) modelling resulting in predictive models for SRMC (r2 = 0.81) and SRLC (r2 = 0.77). Multiple linear regression (MLR) facilitated generation of simplified SR equations with high predictivity (SRMC r2 = 0.74; SRLC r2 = 0.69), requiring only three drug properties; partition coefficient at pH 6.5 (logD6.5), melting point (Tm) and aromatic bonds as fraction of total bonds (F-AromB). Through using the equations to inform developability classification system (DCS) classes for drugs that have already been licensed as lipid-based formulations, merits for development with SEDDS was predicted for 2/3 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niklas J Koehl
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick J O'Dwyer
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd, Forest Row, East Sussex, UK
| | - Karl J Box
- Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd, Forest Row, East Sussex, UK
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7
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Bennett-Lenane H, O'Shea JP, O'Driscoll CM, Griffin BT. A Retrospective Biopharmaceutical Analysis of >800 Approved Oral Drug Products: Are Drug Properties of Solid Dispersions and Lipid-Based Formulations Distinctive? J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3248-3261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Aungst BJ. The Effects of Dose Volume and Excipient Dose on Luminal Concentration and Oral Drug Absorption. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:99. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Zane P, Gieschen H, Kersten E, Mathias N, Ollier C, Johansson P, Van den Bergh A, Van Hemelryck S, Reichel A, Rotgeri A, Schäfer K, Müllertz A, Langguth P. In vivo models and decision trees for formulation development in early drug development: A review of current practices and recommendations for biopharmaceutical development. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:222-231. [PMID: 31233862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to predict new chemical entity performance using in vivo animal models has been under investigation for more than two decades. Pharmaceutical companies use their own strategies to make decisions on the most appropriate formulation starting early in development. In this paper the biopharmaceutical decision trees available in four EFPIA partners (Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Meyers Squibb and Janssen) were discussed by 7 companies of which 4 had no decision tree currently defined. The strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for improvement are discussed for each decision tree. Both pharmacokineticists and preformulation scientists at the drug discovery & development interface responsible for lead optimization and candidate selection contributed to an overall picture of how formulation decisions are progressed. A small data set containing compound information from the database designed for the IMI funded OrBiTo project is examined for interrelationships between measured physicochemical, dissolution and relative bioavailability parameters. In vivo behavior of the drug substance and its formulation in First in human (FIH) studies cannot always be well predicted from in vitro and/or in silico tools alone at the time of selection of a new chemical entity (NCE). Early identification of the risks, challenges and strategies to prepare for formulations that provide sufficient preclinical exposure in animal toxicology studies and in FIH clinical trials is needed and represents an essential part of the IMI funded OrBiTo project. This article offers a perspective on the use of in vivo models and biopharmaceutical decision trees in the development of new oral drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zane
- Sanofi U.S., 55 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, United States.
| | - H Gieschen
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Müllerstraße 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Kersten
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Early Formulation Development preD3, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - N Mathias
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Princeton, Lawrence Township, NJ 08648, United States
| | - C Ollier
- Sanofi Montpellier, Rue Blayac, Montpellier, France
| | - P Johansson
- AstraZeneca R&D, Sweden AstraZeneca R&D, Molndal, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Molndal, Sweden
| | - A Van den Bergh
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - S Van Hemelryck
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - A Reichel
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Müllerstraße 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Rotgeri
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Müllerstraße 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Schäfer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - A Müllertz
- Pharmaceutical Design and Drug Delivery, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100 Ø, Denmark
| | - P Langguth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz D-55099, Germany
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