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Jiang Y, Li Y, Fu X, Wu Y, Wang R, Zhao M, Mao C, Shi S. Interplay between G protein-coupled receptors and nanotechnology. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:1-18. [PMID: 37517621 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as the largest family of membrane receptors, actively modulate plasma membrane and endosomal signalling. Importantly, GPCRs are naturally nanosized, and spontaneously formed nanoaggregates of GPCRs (natural nano-GPCRs) may enhance GPCR-related signalling and functions. Although GPCRs are the molecular targets of the majority of marketed drugs, the poor pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties of GPCR ligands greatly limit their clinical applicability. Nanotechnology, as versatile techniques, can encapsulate GPCR ligands to assemble synthetic nano-GPCRs to overcome their obstacles, robustly elevating drug efficacy and safety. Moreover, endosomal delivery of GPCR ligands by nanoparticles can precisely initiate sustained endosomal signal transduction, while nanotechnology has been widely utilized for isolation, diagnosis, and detection of GPCRs. In turn, due to overexpression of GPCRs on the surface of various types of cells, GPCR ligands can endow nanoparticles with active targeting capacity for specific cells via ligand-receptor binding and mediate receptor-dependent endocytosis of nanoparticles. This significantly enhances the potency of nanoparticle delivery systems. Therefore, emerging evidence has revealed the interplay between GPCRs and nanoparticles, although investigations into their relationship have been inadequate. This review aims to summarize the interaction between GPCRs and nanotechnology for understanding their mutual influences and utilizing their interplay for biomedical applications. It will provide a fundamental platform for developing powerful and safe GPCR-targeted drugs and nanoparticle systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: GPCRs as molecular targets for the majority of marketed drugs are naturally nanosized, and even spontaneously form nano aggregations (nano-GPCRs). Nanotechnology has also been applied to construct synthetic nano-GPCRs or detect GPCRs, while endosomal delivery of GPCR ligands by nanoparticles can magnify endosomal signalling. Meanwhile, molecular engineering of nanoparticles with GPCRs or their ligands can modulate membrane binding and endocytosis, powerfully improving the efficacy of nanoparticle system. However, there are rare summaries on the interaction between GPCRs and nanoparticles. This review will not only provide a versatile platform for utilizing nanoparticles to modulate or detect GPCRs, but also facilitate better understanding of the designated value of GPCRs for molecular engineering of biomaterials with GPCRs in therapeutical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Jiang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yuke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiujuan Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Rujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Canquan Mao
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Tang X, Xie Y, Li G, Niyazbekova Z, Li S, Chang J, Chen D, Ma W. ORFV entry into host cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109831. [PMID: 37480660 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV), also known as infectious pustular virus, leads to an acute contagious zoonotic infectious disease. ORFV can directly contact and infect epithelial cells of skin and mucosa, causing damage to tissue cells. So far, the pathway of ORFV entry into cells is unclear. Therefore, finding the internalization pathway of ORFV will help to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of ORFV infection and invasion, which in turn will provide a certain reference for the prevention and treatment of ORFV. In the present study, chemical inhibitors were used to analyze the mechanism of ORFV entry into target cells. The results showed that the inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis could inhibit ORFV entry into cells. However, the inhibitor of caveolae-mediated endocytosis cannot inhibit ORFV entry into cells. In addition, inhibition of macropinocytosis pathway also significantly reduced ORFV internalization. Furthermore, the inhibitors of acidification and dynamin also prevented ORFV entry. However, results demonstrated that inhibitors inhibited ORFV entry but did not inhibit ORFV binding. Notably, extracellular trypsin promoted ORFV entry into cells directly, even when the endocytic pathway was inhibited. In conclusion, ORFV enters into its target cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis, while caveolae-dependent endocytosis has little effects on this process. In addition, the entry into target cells by ORFV required an acid environment and the effect of dynamin. Meanwhile, we emphasize that broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitors and extracellular enzyme inhibitors are likely to be effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of ORFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidian Tang
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yanfei Xie
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guanhua Li
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhannur Niyazbekova
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shaofei Li
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jianjun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai Province, China; College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Dekun Chen
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Wentao Ma
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Fu C, Yu L, Miao Y, Liu X, Yu Z, Wei M. Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs): a novel trend of research and development on targeted therapy, hype or hope? Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:498-516. [PMID: 36873165 PMCID: PMC9978859 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are the next generation of targeted therapeutics drug after antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), with the core benefits of enhanced cellular permeability and improved drug selectivity. Two drugs are now approved for market by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and in the last two years, the pharmaceutical companies have been developing PDCs as targeted therapeutic candidates for cancer, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), metabolic diseases, and so on. The therapeutic benefits of PDCs are significant, but poor stability, low bioactivity, long research and development time, and slow clinical development process as therapeutic agents of PDC, how can we design PDCs more effectively and what is the future direction of PDCs? This review summarises the components and functions of PDCs for therapeutic, from drug target screening and PDC design improvement strategies to clinical applications to improve the permeability, targeting, and stability of the various components of PDCs. This holds great promise for the future of PDCs, such as bicyclic peptide‒toxin coupling or supramolecular nanostructures for peptide-conjugated drugs. The mode of drug delivery is determined according to the PDC design and current clinical trials are summarised. The way is shown for future PDC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lifeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuxi Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.,Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Zhaojin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.,Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang 110000, China
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Cholesterol-dependent endocytosis of GPCRs: implications in pathophysiology and therapeutics. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:1007-1017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Discovery of potential imaging and therapeutic targets for severe inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14151. [PMID: 34239034 PMCID: PMC8266867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide with rapidly increased number of deaths. Hyperinflammation mediated by dysregulated monocyte/macrophage function is considered to be the key factor that triggers severe illness in COVID-19. However, no specific targeting molecule has been identified for detecting or treating hyperinflammation related to dysregulated macrophages in severe COVID-19. In this study, previously published single-cell RNA-sequencing data of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells from thirteen COVID-19 patients were analyzed with publicly available databases for surface and imageable targets. Immune cell composition according to the severity was estimated with the clustering of gene expression data. Expression levels of imaging target molecules for inflammation were evaluated in macrophage clusters from single-cell RNA-sequencing data. In addition, candidate targetable molecules enriched in severe COVID-19 associated with hyperinflammation were filtered. We found that expression of SLC2A3, which can be imaged by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, was higher in macrophages from severe COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, by integrating the surface target and drug-target binding databases with RNA-sequencing data of severe COVID-19, we identified candidate surface and druggable targets including CCR1 and FPR1 for drug delivery as well as molecular imaging. Our results provide a resource in the development of specific imaging and therapy for COVID-19-related hyperinflammation.
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Zhou Y, Mowlazadeh Haghighi S, Liu Z, Wang L, Hruby VJ, Cai M. Development of Ligand-Drug Conjugates Targeting Melanoma through the Overexpressed Melanocortin 1 Receptor. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:921-930. [PMID: 33073191 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a lethal form of skin cancer. Despite recent breakthroughs of BRAF-V600E and PD-1 inhibitors showing remarkable clinical responses, melanoma can eventually survive these targeted therapies and become resistant. To solve the drug resistance issue, we designed and synthesized ligand-drug conjugates that couple cytotoxic drugs, which have a low cancer resistance issue, with the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) agonist melanotan-II (MT-II), which provides specificity to MC1R-overexpressing melanoma. The drug-MT-II conjugates maintain strong binding interactions to MC1R and induce selective drug delivery to A375 melanoma cells through its MT-II moiety in vitro. Furthermore, using camptothecin as the cytotoxic drug, camptothecin-MT-II (compound 1) can effectively inhibit A375 melanoma cell growth with an IC50 of 16 nM. By providing selectivity to melanoma cells through its MT-II moiety, this approach of drug-MT-II conjugates enables us to have many more options for cytotoxic drug selection, which can be the key to solving the cancer resistant problem for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Saghar Mowlazadeh Haghighi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Zekun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Victor J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Minying Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Qi Q, Zeng X, Peng L, Zhang H, Zhou M, Fu J, Yuan J. Tumor-targeting and imaging micelles for pH-triggered anticancer drug release and combined photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:1385-1404. [PMID: 32345136 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1760698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we construct a charge - switchable polymer nano micelles poly (2-(hexamethyl eneimino) ethyl methacrylate) - b - poly (ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate) - b - poly (diethyl enetriaminepentaacetic acid methacrylate) - b - poly (1-vinyl imidazole) - b - poly (4-vinyl phenylboronic acid) (PC7A-PEG-DTPA-VI-PBA) in different pH solutions. DOX released faster from micelles in a weakly acidic environment (pH 5.0) than at pH 7.4. In order to enhance the anti-tumor effect, the imidazole functional groups in the polymer were used to coordinate CdSeTe quantum dots (QDs) for photodynamic treatment (PDT). In addition, the surfaces of the micelles were further decorated with phenylboronic acidas a targeting group, using DTPA chelating 99mTc for SPECT imaging.It has been successfully demonstrated that the nanoparticles have a good cumulative effect on the tumor site.The structure of the polymer was characterized by 1HNMR. The morphology and particle size of the micelles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The drug loading capacity (DLC) and drug loading efficiency (DLE) of the micelles were analyzed by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. And the pH-sensitive drug release and cytotoxicity of the micelles were verified in vitro. In vitro experiments showed that the nano micelles were noncytotoxic to different cell lines, while DOX@CdSeTe@PC7A-PEG-DTPA-VI-PBA inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of B16F10 cells. An in vivo study with C57BL tumor-bearing mice indicated that DOX@CdSeTe@PC7A-PEG-DTPA-VI-PBA nano micelles efficiently inhibited tumor growth. Results showed that the nano micelles had good pH responsibility and biocompatibility, and the loaded DOX could be released in the weak acidic environment of tumor cells, and it was expected to be a good drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Qi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materialsof Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianwu Zeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gansu Academy of Medical Sciences, Gansu Provincial Tumor Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Licong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materialsof Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materialsof Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materialsof Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materialsof Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materialsof Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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