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Jadalannagari S, Ewart L. Beyond the hype and toward application: liver complex in vitro models in preclinical drug safety. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38465923 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2328794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug induced Liver-Injury (DILI) is a leading cause of drug attrition and complex in vitro models (CIVMs), including three dimensional (3D) spheroids, 3D bio printed tissues and flow-based systems, could improve preclinical prediction. Although CIVMs have demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity in DILI detection their adoption remains limited. AREAS COVERED This article describes DILI, the challenges with its prediction and the current strategies and models that are being used. It reviews data from industry-FDA collaborations and strategic partnerships and finishes with an outlook of CIVMs in preclinical toxicity testing. Literature searches were performed using PubMed and Google Scholar while product information was collected from manufacturer websites. EXPERT OPINION Liver CIVMs are promising models for predicting DILI although, a decade after their introduction, routine use by the pharmaceutical industry is limited. To accelerate their adoption, several industry-regulator-developer partnerships or consortia have been established to guide the development and qualification. Beyond this, liver CIVMs should continue evolving to capture greater immunological mimicry while partnering with computational approaches to deliver systems that change the paradigm of predicting DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorna Ewart
- Department of Bioinnovations, Emulate Inc, Boston, MA, USA
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Sangaraju D, Shi Y, Van Parys M, Ray A, Walker A, Caminiti R, Milanowski D, Jaochico A, Dean B, Liang X. Robust and Comprehensive Targeted Metabolomics Method for Quantification of 50 Different Primary, Secondary, and Sulfated Bile Acids in Multiple Biological Species (Human, Monkey, Rabbit, Dog, and Rat) and Matrices (Plasma and Urine) Using Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2033-2049. [PMID: 33826317 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are biomolecules synthesized in the liver from cholesterol and are constituents of bile. The in-vivo BA pool includes more than 50 known diverse BAs which are unconjugated, amino acid conjugated, sulfated, and glucuronidated metabolites. Hemostasis of bile acids is known to be highly regulated and an interplay between liver metabolism, gut microbiome function, intestinal absorption, and enterohepatic recirculation. Interruption of BA homeostasis has been attributed to several metabolic diseases and drug induced liver injury (DILI), and their use as potential biomarkers is increasingly becoming important. Speciated quantitative and comprehensive profiling of BAs in various biomatrices from humans and preclinical animal species are important to understand their significance and biological function. Consequently, a versatile one single bioanalytical method for BAs is required to accommodate quantitation in a broad range of biomatrices from human and preclinical animal species. Here we report a versatile, comprehensive, and high throughput liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) targeted metabolomics method for quantitative analysis of 50 different BAs in multiple matrices including human serum, plasma, and urine and plasma and urine of preclinical animal species (rat, rabbit, dog, and monkey). The method has been sufficiently qualified for accuracy, precision, robustness, and ruggedness and addresses the issue of nonspecific binding of bile acids to plastic for urine samples. Application of this method includes comparison for BA analysis between matched plasma and serum samples, human and animal species differences in BA pools, data analysis, and visualization of complex BA data using BA indices or ratios to understand BA biology, metabolism, and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewakar Sangaraju
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yao Shi
- Bioanalytical Department, Covance Laboratories, Inc., 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Michael Van Parys
- Bioanalytical Department, Covance Laboratories, Inc., 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Adam Ray
- Bioanalytical Department, Covance Laboratories, Inc., 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Abigail Walker
- Bioanalytical Department, Covance Laboratories, Inc., 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Rachel Caminiti
- Bioanalytical Department, Covance Laboratories, Inc., 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Dennis Milanowski
- Bioanalytical Department, Covance Laboratories, Inc., 3301 Kinsman Blvd, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Allan Jaochico
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brian Dean
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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