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Seidel M, Yang Y, Schumacher T, Huo Y, Covre da Silva SF, Rodt S, Rastelli A, Reitzenstein S, Lippitz M. Intermediate Field Coupling of Single Epitaxial Quantum Dots to Plasmonic Waveguides. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10532-10537. [PMID: 37917860 PMCID: PMC10683061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Key requirements for quantum plasmonic nanocircuits are reliable single-photon sources, high coupling efficiency to the plasmonic structures, and low propagation losses. Self-assembled epitaxially grown GaAs quantum dots are close to ideal as stable, bright, and narrowband single-photon emitters. Likewise, wet-chemically grown monocrystalline silver nanowires are among the best plasmonic waveguides. However, large propagation losses of surface plasmons on the high-index GaAs substrate prevent their direct combination. Here, we show by experiment and simulation that the best overall performance of the quantum plasmonic nanocircuit based on these building blocks is achieved in the intermediate field regime with an additional spacer layer between the quantum dot and the plasmonic waveguide. High-resolution cathodoluminescence measurements allow a precise determination of the coupling distance and support a simple analytical model to explain the overall performance. The coupling efficiency is increased up to four times by standing wave interference near the end of the waveguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seidel
- Experimental
Physics III, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität
Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | | | - Yongheng Huo
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Saimon Filipe Covre da Silva
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Sven Rodt
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität
Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Stephan Reitzenstein
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität
Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Markus Lippitz
- Experimental
Physics III, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
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2
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Fersch D, Malý P, Rühe J, Lisinetskii V, Hensen M, Würthner F, Brixner T. Single-Molecule Ultrafast Fluorescence-Detected Pump-Probe Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:4923-4932. [PMID: 37207316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We introduce fluorescence-detected pump-probe microscopy by combining a wavelength-tunable ultrafast laser with a confocal scanning fluorescence microscope, enabling access to the femtosecond time scale on the micrometer spatial scale. In addition, we obtain spectral information from Fourier transformation over excitation pulse-pair time delays. We demonstrate this new approach on a model system of a terrylene bisimide (TBI) dye embedded in a PMMA matrix and acquire the linear excitation spectrum as well as time-dependent pump-probe spectra simultaneously. We then push the technique toward single TBI molecules and analyze the statistical distribution of their excitation spectra. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ultrafast transient evolution of several individual molecules, highlighting their different behavior in contrast to the ensemble due to their individual local environment. By correlating the linear and nonlinear spectra, we assess the effect of the molecular environment on the excited-state energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fersch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Malý
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jessica Rühe
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Victor Lisinetskii
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hensen
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Schörner C, Lippitz M. High-Q plasmonic nanowire-on-mirror resonators by atomically smooth single-crystalline silver flakes. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:234202. [PMID: 34937368 DOI: 10.1063/5.0074387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles in close vicinity to a metal surface confine light to nanoscale volumes within the insulating gap. With gap sizes in the range of a few nanometers or below, atomic-scale dynamical phenomena within the nanogap come into reach. However, at these tiny scales, an ultra-smooth material is a crucial requirement. Here, we demonstrate large-scale (50 μm) single-crystalline silver flakes with a truly atomically smooth surface, which are an ideal platform for vertically assembled silver plasmonic nanoresonators. We investigate crystalline silver nanowires in a sub-2 nm separation to the silver surface and observe narrow plasmonic resonances with a quality factor Q of about 20. We propose a concept toward the observation of the spectral diffusion of the lowest-frequency cavity plasmon resonance and present first measurements. Our study demonstrates the benefit of using purely crystalline silver for plasmonic nanoparticle-on-mirror resonators and further paves the way toward the observation of dynamic phenomena within a nanoscale gap.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Lippitz
- Experimental Physics III, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Ochs M, Zurak L, Krauss E, Meier J, Emmerling M, Kullock R, Hecht B. Nanoscale Electrical Excitation of Distinct Modes in Plasmonic Waveguides. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4225-4230. [PMID: 33929199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The electrical excitation of guided plasmonic modes at the nanoscale enables integration of optical nanocircuitry into nanoelectronics. In this context, exciting plasmons with a distinct modal field profile constitutes a key advantage over conventional single-mode integrated photonics. Here, we demonstrate the selective electrical excitation of the lowest-order symmetric and antisymmetric plasmonic modes in a two-wire transmission line. We achieve mode selectivity by precisely positioning nanoscale excitation sources, i.e., junctions for inelastic electron tunneling, within the respective modal field distribution. By using advanced fabrication that combines focused He-ion beam milling and dielectrophoresis, we control the location of tunnel junctions with sub-10 nm accuracy. At the far end of the two-wire transmission line, the guided plasmonic modes are converted into far-field radiation at separate spatial positions showing two distinct orthogonal polarizations. Hence, the resulting device represents the smallest electrically driven light source with directly switchable polarization states with possible applications in display technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ochs
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luka Zurak
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Enno Krauss
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Meier
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Monika Emmerling
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - René Kullock
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bert Hecht
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Maccaferri N, Meuret S, Kornienko N, Jariwala D. Speeding up Nanoscience and Nanotechnology with Ultrafast Plasmonics. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5593-5596. [PMID: 32787183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmons are collective oscillations of free electrons at the interface between a conducting material and the dielectric environment. These excitations support the formation of strongly enhanced and confined electromagnetic fields. As well, they display fast dynamics lasting tens of femtoseconds and can lead to a strong nonlinear optical response at the nanoscale. Thus, they represent the perfect tool to drive and control fast optical processes, such as ultrafast optical switching, single photon emission, as well as strong coupling interactions to explore and tailor photochemical reactions. In this Virtual Issue, we gather several important papers published in Nano Letters in the past decade reporting studies on the ultrafast dynamics of surface plasmons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Maccaferri
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Université du Luxembourg, 162a avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie Meuret
- CEMES, CNRS - UPR8011, Université de Toulouse, 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Nikolay Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Roger-Gaudry Building, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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