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Gu Z, Wang K, Rao Y, Nan P, Cheng L, Ge B, Zhang W, Ma C. Atomic-Resolution Electron Microscopy Unravelling the Role of Unusual Asymmetric Twin Boundaries in the Electron-Beam-Sensitive NASICON-Type Solid Electrolyte. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11818-11826. [PMID: 38078871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
An atomic-scale understanding of the role of nonperiodic features is essential to the rational design of highly Li-ion-conductive solid electrolytes. Unfortunately, most solid electrolytes are easily damaged by the intense electron beam needed for atomic-resolution electron microscopy observation, so the reported in-depth atomic-scale studies are limited to Li0.33La0.56TiO3- and Li7La3Zr2O12-based materials. Here, we observe on an atomic scale a third type of solid electrolyte, Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP), through minimization of damage induced by specimen preparation. With this capability, LATP is found to contain large amounts of twin boundaries with an unusual asymmetric atomic configuration. On the basis of the experimentally determined structure, the theoretical calculations suggest that such asymmetric twin boundaries may considerably promote Li-ion transport. This discovery identifies a new entry point for optimizing ionic conductivity, and the method presented here will also greatly benefit the mechanistic study of solid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Gu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- School of Materials & Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yifei Rao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Pengfei Nan
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Lixun Cheng
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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2
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Eatmon Y, Stiles JW, Hayashi S, Rupp M, Arnold C. Air Stabilization of Li 7P 3S 11 Solid-State Electrolytes through Laser-Based Processing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2210. [PMID: 37570528 PMCID: PMC10421269 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) that employ solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have the potential to replace more conventional batteries that employ liquid electrolytes due to their inherent safety, compatibility with lithium metal and reputable ionic conductivity. Li7P3S11 is a promising SSE with reported ionic conductivities in the order of 10 mS/cm. However, its susceptibility to degradation through oxidation and hydrolysis limits its commercial viability. In this work, we demonstrate a laser-based processing method for SSEs to improve humidity stability. It was determined that laser power and scanning speed greatly affect surface morphology, as well as the resulting chemical composition of Li7P3S11 samples. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that laser treatment can produce SSEs with higher ionic conductivities than pristine counterparts after air exposure. Further examination of chemical composition revealed an optimal laser processing condition that reduces the rate of P2S74- degradation. This work demonstrates the ability of laser-based processing to be used to improve the stability of SSEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Eatmon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton Univeristy, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Joseph W. Stiles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Shuichiro Hayashi
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Marco Rupp
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Craig Arnold
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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3
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Jiang Y, Lai A, Ma J, Yu K, Zeng H, Zhang G, Huang W, Wang C, Chi SS, Wang J, Deng Y. Fundamentals of the Cathode-Electrolyte Interface in All-solid-state Lithium Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202156. [PMID: 36715574 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSBs) enabled by solid-state electrolytes (SEs) including oxide-based and sulfide-based electrolytes have gained worldwide attention because of their intrinsic safety and higher energy density over conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, despite the high ionic conductivity of advanced SEs, ASSBs still exhibit high overall internal resistance, the most significant contributor of which can be ascribed to the cathode-SE interfaces. This review seeks to clarify the critical issues regarding the cathode-SE interfaces, including fundamental principles and corresponding solutions. First, major issues concerning electro-chemo-mechanical instability between cathodes and SEs and their formation mechanisms are discussed. Then, specific problems in oxides and sulfides and various solutions and strategies toward interfacial modifications are highlighted. Efforts toward the characterization and analysis of cathode-SE interfaces with advanced techniques are also summarized. Finally, perspectives are offered on several problems demanding urgent solutions and the future development of SE applications and ASSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Anjie Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Huipeng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- ISME Department of CoB, National Center for Applied Mathematics Shenzhen (NCAMS-Digital Economy), Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Sen Chi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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4
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Rajagopal R, Subramanian Y, Jung YJ, Kang S, Ryu KS. Preparation of Metal-Oxide-Doped Li 7P 2S 8Br 0.25I 0.75 Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21016-21026. [PMID: 37083374 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The all-solid-state lithium battery (ASSB) has received great attention due to its greater safety than the conventional lithium-ion battery (LIB). Sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolytes are an important component to fabricate the ASSB. But to attain a better performance, the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of the sulfide-based solid electrolytes need to be improved. In this work, we prepared the metal-oxide-doped/mixed Li7P2S8I0.75Br0.25 lithium superionic conductors by a dry ball-milling process. The high ionic conductivity was achieved by a low-temperature (200 °C) heat-treatment process. The metal-oxide-doped Li7P2S8I0.75Br0.25 solid electrolyte exhibited a higher ionic conductivity value of 7.3 mS cm-1 at room temperature than the bare Li7P2S8I0.75Br0.25 solid electrolyte. The structural characteristics of the prepared solid electrolytes were studied by solid NMR and laser Raman analysis. The electrochemical stability of the prepared solid electrolyte was studied by cyclic voltammetry and DC charge-discharge analysis. The addition of metal oxide increased the electrochemical stability and dry-air stability of the Li7P2S8I0.75Br0.25 solid electrolyte. The Ta2O5-doped Li7P2S8I0.75Br0.25 solid electrolyte was stable even after 300 charge-discharge DC cycles and also 100 h of dry-air exposure. Further, the Ta2O5-doped Li7P2S8I0.75Br0.25 solid electrolyte-based ASSB exhibited a high discharge capacity value of 184 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C rate with 66% initial cycle Coulombic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Rajagopal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Doowang-dong, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44776, Korea
- Energy Harvest Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Mugeo-dong, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Yuvaraj Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Doowang-dong, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44776, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jung
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Korea
| | - Sung Kang
- Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology, San Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-330, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Doowang-dong, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44776, Korea
- Energy Harvest Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Mugeo-dong, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Korea
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5
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Wang D, Jhang LJ, Kou R, Liao M, Zheng S, Jiang H, Shi P, Li GX, Meng K, Wang D. Realizing high-capacity all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries using a low-density inorganic solid-state electrolyte. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1895. [PMID: 37019929 PMCID: PMC10076334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur all-solid-state batteries using inorganic solid-state electrolytes are considered promising electrochemical energy storage technologies. However, developing positive electrodes with high sulfur content, adequate sulfur utilization, and high mass loading is challenging. Here, to address these concerns, we propose using a liquid-phase-synthesized Li3PS4-2LiBH4 glass-ceramic solid electrolyte with a low density (1.491 g cm-3), small primary particle size (~500 nm) and bulk ionic conductivity of 6.0 mS cm-1 at 25 °C for fabricating lithium-sulfur all-solid-state batteries. When tested in a Swagelok cell configuration with a Li-In negative electrode and a 60 wt% S positive electrode applying an average stack pressure of ~55 MPa, the all-solid-state battery delivered a high discharge capacity of about 1144.6 mAh g-1 at 167.5 mA g-1 and 60 °C. We further demonstrate that the use of the low-density solid electrolyte increases the electrolyte volume ratio in the cathode, reduces inactive bulky sulfur, and improves the content uniformity of the sulfur-based positive electrode, thus providing sufficient ion conduction pathways for battery performance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiwei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Li-Ji Jhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Rong Kou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Meng Liao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Shiyao Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Pei Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Guo-Xing Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kui Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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6
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Directing battery chemistry using side-view operando optical microscopy. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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7
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Luo X, Zhong Y, Wang X, Xia X, Gu C, Tu J. Ionic Conductivity Enhancement of Li 2ZrCl 6 Halide Electrolytes via Mechanochemical Synthesis for All-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:49839-49846. [PMID: 36282965 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Superionic halides have returned to the spotlight of solid electrolytes because of their satisfactory ionic conductivity, soft texture, and stability toward high-voltage electrode materials. Among them, Li2ZrCl6 has aroused interests since abundant Zr element can reduce the cost of large-scale synthesis. However, the related research is very limited, including the detailed parameters during synthesis and the possible strategies for enhancing ionic conductivity. In this work, we have systematically investigated the effects of synthesis parameters on the structure and ionic conductivity of Li2ZrCl6 during the ball-milling annealing process. It is found that mild heat treatment (100 °C) can largely enhance the ionic conductivity of ball-milled electrolytes by 2-3 times, which has not been previously reported. Such enhancement is mainly attributed to the network-like micromorphology composed of nanorods, nanowires, or nanoballs, which is beneficial for lithium ion migration. Finally, the modified Li2ZrCl6 (4.46 × 10-4 S cm-1 @ RT) is also proved to be applicable in LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2/ Li2ZrCl6/ Li6PS5Cl/Li-In all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). It presents high initial charge capacity of 176.4 mAh g-1 and satisfactory cycle stability since a discharge capacity of 90.8 mAh g-1 is maintained after 40 cycles at 0.1 C. The Li2ZrCl6 electrolytes synthesized via the mechanochemical method is promising to be applied in the high-voltage ASSLMBs, and its ionic conductivity can be enhanced by the strategies provided in our work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Xinhui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Changdong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Jiangping Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
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8
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Lee JE, Park KH, Kim JC, Wi TU, Ha AR, Song YB, Oh DY, Woo J, Kweon SH, Yeom SJ, Cho W, Kim K, Lee HW, Kwak SK, Jung YS. Universal Solution Synthesis of Sulfide Solid Electrolytes Using Alkahest for All-Solid-State Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200083. [PMID: 35196412 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The wet-chemical processability of sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) provides intriguing opportunities for all-solid-state batteries. Thus far, sulfide SEs are wet-prepared either from solid precursors suspended in solvents (suspension synthesis) or from homogeneous solutions using SEs (solution process) with restricted composition spaces. Here, a universal solution synthesis method for preparing sulfide SEs from precursors, not only Li2 S, P2 S5 , LiCl, and Na2 S, but also metal sulfides (e.g., GeS2 and SnS2 ), fully dissolved in an alkahest: a mixture solvent of 1,2-ethylenediamine (EDA) and 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) (or ethanethiol). Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations reveal that the exceptional dissolving power of EDA-EDT toward GeS2 is due to the nucleophilicity of the thiolate anions that is strong enough to dissociate the GeS bonds. Solution-synthesized Li10 GeP2 S12 , Li6 PS5 Cl, and Na11 Sn2 PS12 exhibit high ionic conductivities (0.74, 1.3, and 0.10 mS cm-1 at 30 °C, respectively), and their application for all-solid-state batteries is successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Kern-Ho Park
- Advanced Battery Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam, 13509, South Korea
| | - Jin Chul Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Tae-Ung Wi
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - A Reum Ha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yong Bae Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Dae Yang Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jehoon Woo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Kweon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Su Jeong Yeom
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Cho
- Advanced Battery Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam, 13509, South Korea
| | - KyungSu Kim
- Advanced Battery Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam, 13509, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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Liu Y, Peng H, Su H, Zhong Y, Wang X, Xia X, Gu C, Tu J. Ultrafast Synthesis of I-Rich Lithium Argyrodite Glass-Ceramic Electrolyte with High Ionic Conductivity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107346. [PMID: 34761817 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lithium argyrodites are one of the most promising sulfide electrolytes due to their high ionic conductivity and ductile feature. Among them, Li6 PS5 I (LPSI) exhibits better stability against Li metal but a rather low ionic conductivity (only ≈10-6 S cm-1 ) because of the absence of S2- /I- disorder. Herein, argyrodite Li6- x PS5- x I1+ x glass-ceramic electrolytes with high iodine content are synthesized using ultimate-energy mechanical alloying method. S2- /I- disorder is successfully introduced into the system by doping LiI during this one-pot process. Determined by 6 Li magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, the introduction of iodine promotes Li+ inter-cage jumps, leading to an enhanced long-range Li+ conducting. The Li5.6 PS4.6 I1.4 glass-ceramic electrolyte (LPSI1.4 -gc) possesses high ionic conductivity (2.04 mS cm-1 ) and excellent stability against Li metal. The Li symmetric cell with the LPSI1.4 -gc electrolyte demonstrates ultralong cycling stability over 3200 h at 0.2 mA cm-2 . LiCoO2 /Li6 PS5 Cl/Li all-solid-state battery applying LPSI1.4 -gc as the anode interlayer also presents prominent cycling and rate performance. This work provides a novel type of electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and stability against Li metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- CCTEG Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing, 400039, China
| | - Han Su
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinhui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Changdong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jiangping Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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10
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Gautam A, Ghidiu M, Hansen AL, Ohno S, Zeier WG. Sn Substitution in the Lithium Superionic Argyrodite Li 6PCh 5I (Ch = S and Se). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18975-18980. [PMID: 34851091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The lithium argyrodites Li6PS5X (X = Cl, Br, and I) have attracted interest as fast solid ionic conductors for solid-state batteries. Within this class of materials, it has been previously suggested that more polarizable anions and larger substituents should influence the ionic conductivity (e.g., substituting S by Se). Building upon this work, we explore the influence of Sn substitution in lithium argyrodites Li6+xSnxP1-xSe5I in direct comparison to the previously reported Li6+xSnxP1-xS5I series. The (P5+/Sn4+)Se43/4- polyhedral volume, unit cell volume, and lithium coordination tetrahedra Li(48h)-(S/Se)3-I increase with Sn substitution in this new selenide series. Impedance spectroscopy reveals that increasing Sn4+ substitution results in a fivefold improvement in the ionic conductivity when compared to Li6PSe5I. This work provides further understanding of compositional influences for optimizing the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Gautam
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Ghidiu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Hansen
- Institute for Applied Materials - Energy Storage Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Saneyuki Ohno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, 819-0395 Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wolfgang G Zeier
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung (IEK), IEK-12: Helmholtz-Institut Münster, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 48149 Münster, Germany
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11
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Weng S, Li Y, Wang X. Cryo-EM for battery materials and interfaces: Workflow, achievements, and perspectives. iScience 2021; 24:103402. [PMID: 34849466 PMCID: PMC8607198 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has demonstrated its power and essential role in probing the beam-sensitive battery materials and delivering new insights. With the increasing interest in cryo-EM for battery materials and interfaces, herein we provide the strategies of obtaining fresh and native structural information with minimal artifacts, including sample preparation, transferring, imaging, and data interpretation. We summarize the recent achievements enabled by cryo-EM and point out some unsolved/potential questions in terms of the bulk materials, solid-solid interface, and solid-liquid interfaces of batteries. Finally, we conclude with perspectives on the future developments and applications of cryo-EM in battery materials and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suting Weng
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yejing Li
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies Co. Ltd., Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, China
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12
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Koch B, Kong ST, Gün Ö, Deiseroth HJ, Eckert H. Site preferences and ion dynamics in lithium chalcohalide solid solutions with argyrodite structure: II. Multinuclear solid state NMR of the systems Li6PS5−x
Se
x
Cl and Li6PS5−x
Se
x
Br. Z PHYS CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2021-3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A comprehensive multinuclear (7Li, 31P, 35Cl, 77Se, 79Br) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study has been conducted to characterize local structural configurations and atomic distributions in the crystallographically disordered solid solutions of composition Li6PS5−x
Se
x
X (0 ≤ x ≤ 1, X = Cl, Br) with the Argyrodite structure. In contrast to the situation with the corresponding iodide homologs, there is no structural ordering between the 4a and 4c sites, with the halide ions occupying both of them with close to statistical probabilities. Nevertheless, throughout the composition range, the 16e Wyckoff sites of the Argyrodite structure are exclusively occupied by the chalcogen atoms, forming PY4
3− (Y = S, Se) tetrahedra, indicating the absence of P-halogen bonds. 31P magic-angle spinning (MAS)-NMR can serve to differentiate between the various possible PS4−n
Se
n
3− tetrahedral units in a quantitative fashion. Compared to the case of the anion-ordered Li6PS5−x
Se
x
I solid solutions, the preference of P–S over P–Se bonding is significantly stronger, but it is weaker than in the halide free solid solutions Li7PS6−x
Se
x
. Each individual PS4−n
Se
n
3− tetrahedron is represented by a peak cluster of up to five resonances, representing the five different configurations in which the PY4
3− ions are surrounded by the four closest chalcogenide and halide anions occupying the 4c sites; this distribution is close to statistical and can be used to deduce deviations of sample compositions from ideal stoichiometry. Non-linear 7Li chemical shift trends as a function of x are interpreted to indicate that the Coulombic traps created by sulfur-rich PS4−n
Se
n
3− ions (n ≤ 2) within the energy landscape of the lithium ions are deeper than those of the other anionic species present (i.e., selenium-richer PY4
3− tetrahedra, isolated chalcogenide or iodide ions), causing the Li+ ions to spend on average more time near them. Temperature dependent static 7Li NMR linewidths indicate higher mobility in the present systems than in the previously studied Li6PS5−x
Se
x
I solid solutions. Unlike the situation in Li6PS5−x
Se
x
I no rate distinction between intra-cage and inter-cage ionic motion is evident. Lithium ionic mobility increases with increasing selenium content. This effect can be attributed to the influences of higher anionic polarizability and a widening of the lithium ion migration pathways caused by lattice expansion. The results offer interesting new insights into the structure/ionic mobility correlations in this new class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Koch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, WWU Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , D 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Shiao Tong Kong
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. , 57068 Siegen , Germany
| | - Özgül Gün
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. , 57068 Siegen , Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Deiseroth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. , 57068 Siegen , Germany
| | - Hellmut Eckert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, WWU Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , D 48149 Münster , Germany
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo , Av. Trabalhador Sãocarlense 400 , São Carlos , SP 13566-590 , Brazil
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13
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Koch B, Kong ST, Gün Ö, Deiseroth HJ, Eckert H. Site preferences and ion dynamics in lithium chalcohalide solid solutions with argyrodite structure: I. A multinuclear solid state NMR study of the system Li6PS5-xSexI and of Li6AsS5I. Z PHYS CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2021-3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A comprehensive multinuclear (7Li, 31P, 75As, 77Se, 127I) NMR study has been conducted to characterize local structural configurations and atomic distributions in the crystallographically ordered solid solutions of composition Li6PS5-x
Se
x
I (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) and in Li6AsS5I. Throughout the composition range, structural ordering between the atoms on the Wyckoff sites 4a and 4c is maintained, with the I− ions exclusively occupying the 4a sites. 31P magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) can serve to differentiate between the various possible PS4-n
Se
n
3− tetrahedral units in a quantitative fashion, indicating a preference of P-S relative to P-Se bonding. Each individual PS4-n
Se
n
3− tetrahedron is represented by a peak cluster containing up to five resonances, representing the five different configurations in which the PCh4
3− units are surrounded by the four closest chalcogenide anions occupying the 4c sites; the distribution of S2− and Se2− over these sites is close to statistical. Non-linear 7Li chemical shift trends as a function of x are interpreted to indicate that the Coulombic traps created by sulfur-rich PS4-n
Se
n
3− ions (n ≥ 2) within the energy landscape of the lithium ions are deeper than those of the other anionic species present (i.e. selenium-richer PCh4
3− tetrahedra, isolated chalcogenide or iodide ions), causing the Li+ ions to spend on average more time near them. Temperature dependent static 7Li NMR linewidths measured on Li6PS5I and Li6AsS5I indicate a two-step motional narrowing process characterized by a clear dynamic distinction between a more rapid localized intra-cage process and a slower, long-range inter-cage process. In the solid solutions this differentiation gradually disappears, leading to an overall increase of lithium ionic mobility with increasing selenium content, which can be attributed to the influences of higher anionic polarizability and a widening of the lithium migration pathways caused by lattice expansion. Furthermore, the low-temperature phase transition in Li6PS5I, which tends to immobilize the lithium ions below 170 K, is suppressed in the solid solutions. The results offer interesting new insights into the -structure/ionic mobility correlations in this new class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Koch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, WWU Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , D 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Shaio Tong Kong
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. , 57068 Siegen , Germany
| | - Özgül Gün
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. , 57068 Siegen , Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Deiseroth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. , 57068 Siegen , Germany
| | - Hellmut Eckert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, WWU Münster , Corrensstraße 30 , D 48149 Münster , Germany
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo , Av. Trabalhador Sãocarlense 400 , São Carlos , SP 13566-590 , Brazil
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14
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Zhang Z, Cui Y, Vila R, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhou W, Chiu W, Cui Y. Cryogenic Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3505-3517. [PMID: 34278783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of clean energy generation, transmission, and distribution technology, for example, high energy density batteries and high efficiency solar cells, is critical to the progress toward a sustainable future. Such advancement in both scientific understanding and technological innovations entail an atomic- and molecular-resolution understanding of the key materials and fundamental processes governing the operation and failure of the systems. These dynamic processes span multiple length and time scales bridging materials and interfaces involved across the entire device architecture. However, these key components are often highly sensitive to air, moisture, and electron-beam radiation and therefore remain resistant to conventional nanoscale interrogation by electron-optical methods, such as high-resolution (scanning) transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy.Fortunately, the rapid progress in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) for physical sciences starts to offer researchers new tools and methods to probe these otherwise inaccessible length scales of components and phenomena in energy science. Specifically, weakly bonded and reactive materials, interfaces and phases that typically degrade under high energy electron-beam irradiation and environmental exposure can potentially be protected and stabilized by cryogenic methods, bringing up thrilling opportunities to address many crucial yet unanswered questions in energy science, which can eventually lead to new scientific discoveries and technological breakthroughs.Thus, in this Account, we aim to highlight the significance of cryo-EM to energy related research and the impactful results that can be potentially spawned from there. Due to the limited space, we will mainly review representative examples of cryo-EM methodology for lithium (Li)-based batteries, hybrid perovskite solar cells, and metal-organic-frameworks, which have shown great promise in revealing atomic resolution of both structural and chemical information on the sensitive yet critical components in these systems. We will first emphasize the application of cryo-EM to resolve the nanostructure and chemistry of solid-electrolyte interphases, cathode-electrolyte interphase, and electrode materials in batteries to reflect how cryo-EM could inspire rational materials design and guide battery research toward practical applications. We then discuss how cryo-EM helped to reveal guest intercalation chemistry in weakly bonded metal-organic-frameworks to develop a complete picture of host-guest interaction. Next, we summarize efforts in hybrid perovskite materials for solar cells where cryo-EM preserved the volatile organic molecules and protected perovskites from any air or moisture contamination. Finally, we conclude with perspectives and brief discussion on future directions for cryo-EM in energy and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Rafael Vila
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Weijiang Zhou
- Biophysics Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Wah Chiu
- Biophysics Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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15
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Influence of synthesis parameters on crystallization behavior and ionic conductivity of the Li 4PS 4I solid electrolyte. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14073. [PMID: 34234271 PMCID: PMC8263741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Superionic solid electrolytes are key to the development of advanced solid-state Li batteries. In recent years, various materials have been discovered, with ionic conductivities approaching or even exceeding those of carbonate-based liquid electrolytes used in high-performance Li-ion batteries. Among the different classes of inorganic solid electrolytes under study, lithium thiophosphates are one of the most promising due to their high Li-ion conductivity at room temperature and mechanical softness. Here, we report about the effect of synthesis parameters on the crystallization behavior and charge-transport properties of Li4PS4I. We show that thermally induced crystallization of Li4PS4I (P4/nmm), starting from the glassy phase 1.5Li2S-0.5P2S5-LiI, adversely affects the material's conductivity. However, both conductivity and crystallization temperature can be significantly increased by applying pressure during the preparation.
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16
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Zhou L, Minafra N, Zeier WG, Nazar LF. Innovative Approaches to Li-Argyrodite Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2717-2728. [PMID: 34032414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusAs the world transitions away from fossil energy to green and renewable energy, electrochemical energy storage increasingly becomes a vital component of the mix to conduct this transition. The central goal in developing next-generation batteries is to maximize the gravimetric and volumetric energy density and battery cycle life and improve safety. All solid-state batteries using a solid electrolyte and a lithium metal anode represent one of the most promising technologies that can achieve this goal. Highly conductive solid electrolytes (>10 mS·cm-1) are the key component to remove the safety concerns inherent with flammable organic liquid electrolytes and achieve high energy density by enabling high active material loading. Considering a range of inorganic solid electrolytes that have been developed to date, sulfide solid electrolytes exhibit the highest ionic conductivities, which even surpass those of conventional organic liquid electrolytes. Argyrodite-structured sulfide solid electrolytes are among the most promising materials in this class and are currently the dominantly used solid electrolytes for all-solid-state battery fabrication. Argyrodite solid electrolytes are particularly appealing because of their ultrahigh Li-ion conductivity, quasi-stable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed with Li metal, and ability to be prepared via scalable solution-assisted synthesis approaches. These factors are all vital for commercial applications.In this Account, we afford an overview of our recent development of several argyrodite superionic conductors, including Li6.6Si0.6Sb0.5S5I (24 mS·cm-1), Li6.6Ge0.6P0.4S5I (18 mS·cm-1), and Li5.5PS4.5Cl1.5 (12 mS·cm-1), and a comprehensive understanding of the origin of the underlying high conductivity, namely, sulfide/halide anion site disorder and Li cation site disorder. A high degree of sulfide/halide anion site disorder (changes in anion distribution) modifies the anionic charge, which in turn strongly influences the lithium distribution. A more inhomogeneous charge distribution in anion-disordered systems generates a spatially diffuse and delocalized lithium density, resulting in faster ionic transport. Lithium cation site disorder generated by increasing Li carrier concentration through aliovalent substitution creates high-energy interstitial sites for Li ion diffusion, which activate concerted ion migration and flatten the energy landscape for Li ion diffusion. This enables high conductivity in Li-rich argyrodite superionic conductors. These concepts are also expected to promote the design of rational new solid electrolytes and fundamental understanding of the structure-ion transport relationships in inorganic ionic conductors.Collectively, a comprehensive and deep understanding of the interphase formation between argyrodite solid electrolytes and cathode active materials/Li metal and the failure mechanism of all-solid-state batteries with argyrodite solid electrolytes will lead to the bottom-up engineering of the cathode/anode-solid electrolyte interfaces, which will accelerate the development of safe, high-energy-density all-solid-state lithium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laidong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nicolò Minafra
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Correnstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G. Zeier
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Correnstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Corrensstrasse 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Linda F. Nazar
- Department of Chemistry and the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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17
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Ruhl J, Riegger LM, Ghidiu M, Zeier WG. Impact of Solvent Treatment of the Superionic Argyrodite Li
6
PS
5
Cl on Solid‐State Battery Performance. ADVANCED ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aesr.202000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Ruhl
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 D-35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 D-35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Luise M. Riegger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 D-35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 D-35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Michael Ghidiu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 D-35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 D-35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Wolfgang G. Zeier
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Münster Corrensstrasse 30 D-48149 Münster Germany
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18
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Suzuki K, Yageta A, Ikeda Y, Mashimo N, Hori S, Hirayama M, Kanno R. Precipitation of the Lithium Superionic Conductor Li10GeP2S12 by a Liquid-phase Process. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Suzuki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ayumu Yageta
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Ikeda
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Naohiro Mashimo
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hori
- All-Solid-State Battery Unit, Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hirayama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kanno
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
- All-Solid-State Battery Unit, Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
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19
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Brinek M, Hiebl C, Wilkening HMR. Understanding the Origin of Enhanced Li-Ion Transport in Nanocrystalline Argyrodite-Type Li 6PS 5I. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020; 32:4754-4766. [PMID: 32565618 PMCID: PMC7304077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Argyrodite-type Li6PS5X (X = Cl, Br) compounds are considered to act as powerful ionic conductors in next-generation all-solid-state lithium batteries. In contrast to Li6PS5Br and Li6PS5Cl compounds showing ionic conductivities on the order of several mS cm-1, the iodine compound Li6PS5I turned out to be a poor ionic conductor. This difference has been explained by anion site disorder in Li6PS5Br and Li6PS5Cl leading to facile through-going, that is, long-range ion transport. In the structurally ordered compound, Li6PS5I, long-range ion transport is, however, interrupted because the important intercage Li jump-diffusion pathway, enabling the ions to diffuse over long distances, is characterized by higher activation energy than that in the sibling compounds. Here, we introduced structural disorder in the iodide by soft mechanical treatment and took advantage of a high-energy planetary mill to prepare nanocrystalline Li6PS5I. A milling time of only 120 min turned out to be sufficient to boost ionic conductivity by 2 orders of magnitude, reaching σtotal = 0.5 × 10-3 S cm-1. We followed this noticeable increase in ionic conductivity by broad-band conductivity spectroscopy and 7Li nuclear magnetic relaxation. X-ray powder diffraction and high-resolution 6Li, 31P MAS NMR helped characterize structural changes and the extent of disorder introduced. Changes in attempt frequency, activation entropy, and charge carrier concentration seem to be responsible for this increase.
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