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Xiong Y, Li N, Che C, Wang W, Barya P, Liu W, Liu L, Wang X, Wu S, Hu H, Cunningham BT. Microscopies Enabled by Photonic Metamaterials. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1086. [PMID: 35161831 PMCID: PMC8840465 DOI: 10.3390/s22031086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the biosensor research community has made rapid progress in the development of nanostructured materials capable of amplifying the interaction between light and biological matter. A common objective is to concentrate the electromagnetic energy associated with light into nanometer-scale volumes that, in many cases, can extend below the conventional Abbé diffraction limit. Dating back to the first application of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for label-free detection of biomolecular interactions, resonant optical structures, including waveguides, ring resonators, and photonic crystals, have proven to be effective conduits for a wide range of optical enhancement effects that include enhanced excitation of photon emitters (such as quantum dots, organic dyes, and fluorescent proteins), enhanced extraction from photon emitters, enhanced optical absorption, and enhanced optical scattering (such as from Raman-scatterers and nanoparticles). The application of photonic metamaterials as a means for enhancing contrast in microscopy is a recent technological development. Through their ability to generate surface-localized and resonantly enhanced electromagnetic fields, photonic metamaterials are an effective surface for magnifying absorption, photon emission, and scattering associated with biological materials while an imaging system records spatial and temporal patterns. By replacing the conventional glass microscope slide with a photonic metamaterial, new forms of contrast and enhanced signal-to-noise are obtained for applications that include cancer diagnostics, infectious disease diagnostics, cell membrane imaging, biomolecular interaction analysis, and drug discovery. This paper will review the current state of the art in which photonic metamaterial surfaces are utilized in the context of microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61822, USA; (Y.X.); (N.L.); (P.B.); (W.L.); (L.L.)
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA; (C.C.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Nantao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61822, USA; (Y.X.); (N.L.); (P.B.); (W.L.); (L.L.)
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA; (C.C.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Congnyu Che
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA; (C.C.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61822, USA
| | - Weijing Wang
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA; (C.C.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61822, USA
| | - Priyash Barya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61822, USA; (Y.X.); (N.L.); (P.B.); (W.L.); (L.L.)
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA; (C.C.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Weinan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61822, USA; (Y.X.); (N.L.); (P.B.); (W.L.); (L.L.)
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA; (C.C.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Leyang Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61822, USA; (Y.X.); (N.L.); (P.B.); (W.L.); (L.L.)
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA; (C.C.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA; (C.C.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shaoxiong Wu
- Zhejiang University-University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China; (S.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Huan Hu
- Zhejiang University-University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China; (S.W.); (H.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61822, USA; (Y.X.); (N.L.); (P.B.); (W.L.); (L.L.)
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA; (C.C.); (W.W.); (X.W.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61822, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Lee YU, Posner C, Nie Z, Zhao J, Li S, Bopp SE, Wisna GBM, Ha J, Song C, Zhang J, Yang S, Zhang X, Liu Z. Organic Hyperbolic Material Assisted Illumination Nanoscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102230. [PMID: 34436815 PMCID: PMC8596137 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Resolution capability of the linear structured illumination microscopy (SIM) plays a key role in its applications in physics, medicine, biology, and life science. Many advanced methodologies have been developed to extend the resolution of structured illumination by using subdiffraction-limited optical excitation patterns. However, obtaining SIM images with a resolution beyond 40 nm at visible frequency remains as an insurmountable obstacle due to the intrinsic limitation of spatial frequency bandwidth of the involved materials and the complexity of the illumination system. Here, a low-loss natural organic hyperbolic material (OHM) that can support record high spatial-frequency modes beyond 50k0 , i.e., effective refractive index larger than 50, at visible frequencies is reported. OHM-based speckle structured illumination microscopy demonstrates imaging resolution at 30 nm scales with enhanced fluorophore photostability, biocompatibility, easy to use and low cost. This study will open up a new route in super-resolution microscopy by utilizing OHM films for various applications including bioimaging and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ui Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, 9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
- Department of PhysicsChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbuk28644South Korea
| | - Clara Posner
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, 9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Zhaoyu Nie
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Junxiang Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, 9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Shilong Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, 9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Steven Edward Bopp
- Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, 9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | | | - Jeongho Ha
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, 9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Chengyu Song
- National Center for Electron MicroscopyThe Molecular FoundryOne Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, 9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Sui Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter Transport and EnergyArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, 9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
- Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, 9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
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Lee YU, Li S, Bopp SE, Zhao J, Nie Z, Posner C, Yang S, Zhang X, Zhang J, Liu Z. Unprecedented Fluorophore Photostability Enabled by Low-Loss Organic Hyperbolic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006496. [PMID: 33506542 PMCID: PMC8783542 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of photons in fluorescent molecules plays a key role in fluorescence imaging, optical sensing, organic photovoltaics, and displays. Photobleaching is an irreversible photodegradation process of fluorophores, representing a fundamental limitation in relevant optical applications. Chemical reagents are used to suppress the photobleaching rate but with exceptionally high specificity for each type of fluorophore. Here, using organic hyperbolic materials (OHMs), an optical platform to achieve unprecedented fluorophore photostability without any chemical specificity is demonstrated. A more than 500-fold lengthening of the photobleaching lifetime and a 230-fold increase in the total emitted photon counts are observed simultaneously. These exceptional improvements solely come from the low-loss hyperbolic dispersion of OHM films and the large resultant Purcell effect in the visible spectral range. The demonstrated OHM platform may open up a new paradigm in nanophotonics and organic plasmonics for super-resolution imaging and the engineering of light-matter interactions at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ui Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shilong Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Steven Edward Bopp
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Junxiang Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Nie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkele, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Clara Posner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Dieg, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sui Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkele, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkele, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Dieg, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Lee YU, Posner C, Zhao J, Zhang J, Liu Z. Imaging of Cell Morphology Changes via Metamaterial-Assisted Photobleaching Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1716-1721. [PMID: 33576637 PMCID: PMC8858031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Determining the axial position of an emitter with nanoscale precision is critical to a fundamental imaging methodology. While there are many advanced optical techniques being applied to high-resolution imaging, high-axial-resolution topography imaging of living cells is particularly challenging. Here, we present an application of metamaterial-assisted photobleaching microscopy (MAPM) with high-axial resolution to characterize morphological properties of living cells. Quantitative imaging of changes in the morphology of live cells is obtained by topographic and statistical analysis. The time-lapse topography image using the metamaterial-induced photostability provides information about growth factor induced changes in the cell morphology with high-axial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ui Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Clara Posner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Junxiang Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Corresponding Author Zhaowei Liu − Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
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