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Li Y, Shan S, Zhang R, Sun C, Hu X, Fan J, Wang Y, Duan R, Gao M. Imaging and Downstaging Bladder Cancer with the 177Lu-Labeled Bioorthogonal Nanoprobe. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17209-17217. [PMID: 38904444 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Efforts on bladder cancer treatment have been shifting from extensive surgery to organ preservation in the past decade. To this end, we herein develop a multifunctional nanoagent for bladder cancer downstaging and bladder-preserving therapy by integrating mucosa penetration, reduced off-target effects, and internal irradiation therapy into a nanodrug. Specifically, an iron oxide nanoparticle was used as a carrier that was coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) for facilitating mucosa penetration. Dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) was introduced into the HA coating layer to react through bioorthogonal reaction with azide as an artificial receptor of bladder cancer cells, to improve the cellular internalization of the nanoprobe labeled with 177Lu. Through magnetic resonance imaging, the targeted imaging of both nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) was realized after intravesical instillation of the multifunctional probe, both NMIBC and MIBC were found downstaged, and the metastasis was inhibited, which demonstrates the potential of the multifunctional nanoprobe for bladder preservation in bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ruru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chaoping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xuelan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiada Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Clinical Translation Center of State Key Lab, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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2
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Da J, Di X, Xie Y, Li J, Zhang L, Liu Y. Recent advances in nanomedicine for metabolism-targeted cancer therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2442-2461. [PMID: 38321983 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05858a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Metabolism denotes the sum of biochemical reactions that maintain cellular function. Different from most normal differentiated cells, cancer cells adopt altered metabolic pathways to support malignant properties. Typically, almost all cancer cells need a large number of proteins, lipids, nucleotides, and energy in the form of ATP to support rapid division. Therefore, targeting tumour metabolism has been suggested as a generic and effective therapy strategy. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomedicine promises to have a revolutionary impact on clinical cancer therapy due to many merits such as targeting, improved bioavailability, controllable drug release, and potentially personalized treatment compared to conventional drugs. This review comprehensively elucidates recent advances of nanomedicine in targeting important metabolites such as glucose, glutamine, lactate, cholesterol, and nucleotide for effective cancer therapy. Furthermore, the challenges and future development in this area are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Da
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - XinJia Di
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - YuQi Xie
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - JiLi Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - LiLi Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - YanLan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
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3
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Zha S, Liu H, Li H, Li H, Wong KL, All AH. Functionalized Nanomaterials Capable of Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1820-1845. [PMID: 38193927 PMCID: PMC10811692 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized semipermeable structure that highly regulates exchanges between the central nervous system parenchyma and blood vessels. Thus, the BBB also prevents the passage of various forms of therapeutic agents, nanocarriers, and their cargos. Recently, many multidisciplinary studies focus on developing cargo-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) to overcome these challenges, which are emerging as safe and effective vehicles in neurotheranostics. In this Review, first we introduce the anatomical structure and physiological functions of the BBB. Second, we present the endogenous and exogenous transport mechanisms by which NPs cross the BBB. We report various forms of nanomaterials, carriers, and their cargos, with their detailed BBB uptake and permeability characteristics. Third, we describe the effect of regulating the size, shape, charge, and surface ligands of NPs that affect their BBB permeability, which can be exploited to enhance and promote neurotheranostics. We classify typical functionalized nanomaterials developed for BBB crossing. Fourth, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress in developing functional polymeric nanomaterials for applications in multimodal bioimaging, therapeutics, and drug delivery. Finally, we conclude by discussing existing challenges, directions, and future perspectives in employing functionalized nanomaterials for BBB crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zha
- Hubei
University of Chinese Medicine, School of
Laboratory Medicine, 16
Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China
- Hubei
Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Hong
Kong Baptist University, Department of Chemistry, Ho Sin Hang Campus, 224 Waterloo
Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Hengde Li
- Hong
Kong Baptist University, Department of Chemistry, Ho Sin Hang Campus, 224 Waterloo
Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Haolan Li
- Dalian
University of Technology School of Chemical
Engineering, Lingshui
Street, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- The
Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Building Y815, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Angelo Homayoun All
- Hong
Kong Baptist University, Department of Chemistry, Ho Sin Hang Campus, 224 Waterloo
Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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4
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Cheng Q, Shi X, Li Q, Wang L, Wang Z. Current Advances on Nanomaterials Interfering with Lactate Metabolism for Tumor Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305662. [PMID: 37941489 PMCID: PMC10797484 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of studies have shown that tumor cells prefer fermentative glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation to provide a vast amount of energy for fast proliferation even under oxygen-sufficient conditions. This metabolic alteration not only favors tumor cell progression and metastasis but also increases lactate accumulation in solid tumors. In addition to serving as a byproduct of glycolytic tumor cells, lactate also plays a central role in the construction of acidic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, resulting in therapeutic tolerance. Recently, targeted drug delivery and inherent therapeutic properties of nanomaterials have attracted great attention, and research on modulating lactate metabolism based on nanomaterials to enhance antitumor therapy has exploded. In this review, the advanced tumor therapy strategies based on nanomaterials that interfere with lactate metabolism are discussed, including inhibiting lactate anabolism, promoting lactate catabolism, and disrupting the "lactate shuttle". Furthermore, recent advances in combining lactate metabolism modulation with other therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, photothermal therapy, and reactive oxygen species-related therapies, etc., which have achieved cooperatively enhanced therapeutic outcomes, are summarized. Finally, foreseeable challenges and prospective developments are also reviewed for the future development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cheng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUnion HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhongUniversity of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Xiao‐Lei Shi
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUnion HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhongUniversity of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Qi‐Lin Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUnion HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhongUniversity of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUnion HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhongUniversity of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi‐disciplinary Translational ResearchWuhan430022China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhongUniversity of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
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Abstract
Surface-modified lanthanide nanoparticles have been widely developed as an emerging class of therapeutics for cancer treatment because they exhibit several unique properties. First, lanthanide nanoparticles exhibit a variety of diagnostic capabilities suitable for various image-guided therapies. Second, a large number of therapeutic molecules can be accommodated on the surface of lanthanide nanoparticles, which can simultaneously achieve combined cancer therapy. Third, multivalent targeting ligands on lanthanide nanoparticles can be easily modified to achieve high affinity and specificity for target cells. Last but not least, lanthanide nanoparticles can be engineered for spatially and temporally controlled tumor therapy, which is critical for developing precise and personalized tumor therapy. Surface-modified lanthanide-doped nanoparticles are widely used in cancer phototherapy. This is due to their unique optical properties, including large anti-Stokes shifts, long-lasting luminescence, high photostability, and the capacity for near-infrared or X-ray excitation. Upon near-infrared irradiation, these nanoparticles can emit ultraviolet to visible light, which activates photosensitizers and photothermal agents to destroy tumor cells. Surface modification with special ligands that respond to tumor microenvironment changes, such as acidic pH, hypoxia, or redox reactions, can turn lanthanide nanoparticles into a smart nanoplatform for light-guided tumor chemotherapy and gene therapy. Surface-engineered lanthanide nanoparticles can include antigens that elicit tumor-specific immune responses, as well as immune activators that boost immunity, allowing distant and metastatic tumors to be eradicated. The design of ligands and surface chemistry is crucial for improving cancer therapy without causing side effects. In this Account, we classify surface-modified lanthanide nanoparticles for tumor therapy into four main domains: phototherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and biotherapy. We begin by introducing fundamental bioapplications and then discuss recent developments in tumor phototherapy (photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy), radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and biotherapy (gene therapy and immunotherapy). We also assess the viability of a variety of strategies for eliminating tumor cells through innovative pathways. Finally, future opportunities and challenges for the development of more efficient lanthanide nanoprobes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhigao Yi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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Singh P, Kachhap S, Singh P, Singh S. Lanthanide-based hybrid nanostructures: Classification, synthesis, optical properties, and multifunctional applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Zhao X, He S, Chi W, Liu X, Chen P, Sun W, Du J, Fan J, Peng X. An Approach to Developing Cyanines with Upconverted Photosensitive Efficiency Enhancement for Highly Efficient NIR Tumor Phototheranostics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202885. [PMID: 36095253 PMCID: PMC9631065 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Upconverted reactive oxygen species (ROS) photosensitization with one-photon excitation mode is a promising tactic to elongate the excitation wavelengths of photosensitive dyes to near-infrared (NIR) light region without the requirement of coherent high-intensity light sources. However, the photosensitization efficiencies are still finite by the unilateral improvement of excited-state intersystem crossing (ISC) via heavy-atom-effect, since the upconverted efficiency also plays a decisive role in upconverted photosensitization. Herein, a NIR light initiated one-photon upconversion heavy-atom-free small molecule system is reported. The meso-rotatable anthracene in pentamethine cyanine (Cy5) is demonstrated to enrich the populations in high vibrational-rotational energy levels and subsequently improve the hot-band absorption (HBA) efficiency. Moreover, the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) caused by electron donated anthracene can further amplify the triplet yield. Benefiting from the above two aspects, the 1 O2 generation significantly increases with over 2-fold improved performance compared with heavy-atom-modified method under upconverted light excitation, which obtains efficient in vivo phototheranostic results and provides new opportunities for other applications such as photocatalysis and fine chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsFrontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024P. R. China
| | - Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental MaterialsDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
| | - Weijie Chi
- Fluorescence Research GroupSingapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore487372Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research GroupSingapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore487372Singapore
| | - Pengzhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsFrontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of TechnologyNingbo315016P. R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsFrontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of TechnologyNingbo315016P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsFrontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of TechnologyNingbo315016P. R. China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsFrontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of TechnologyNingbo315016P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsFrontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518057P. R. China
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Li H, Zha S, Li H, Liu H, Wong KL, All AH. Polymeric Dendrimers as Nanocarrier Vectors for Neurotheranostics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203629. [PMID: 36084240 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are polymers with well-defined 3D branched structures that are vastly utilized in various neurotheranostics and biomedical applications, particularly as nanocarrier vectors. Imaging agents can be loaded into dendrimers to improve the accuracy of diagnostic imaging processes. Likewise, combining pharmaceutical agents and anticancer drugs with dendrimers can enhance their solubility, biocompatibility, and efficiency. Practically, by modifying ligands on the surface of dendrimers, effective therapeutic and diagnostic platforms can be constructed and implemented for targeted delivery. Dendrimer-based nanocarriers also show great potential in gene delivery. Since enzymes can degrade genetic materials during their blood circulation, dendrimers exhibit promising packaging and delivery alternatives, particularly for central nervous system (CNS) treatments. The DNA and RNA encapsulated in dendrimers represented by polyamidoamine that are used for targeted brain delivery, via chemical-structural adjustments and appropriate generation, significantly improve the correlation between transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity. This article reports a comprehensive review of dendrimers' structures, synthesis processes, and biological applications. Recent progress in diagnostic imaging processes and therapeutic applications for cancers and other CNS diseases are presented. Potential challenges and future directions in the development of dendrimers, which provide the theoretical basis for their broader applications in healthcare, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengde Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zha
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Haolan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Angelo H All
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Zha S, Wong K, All AH. Intranasal Delivery of Functionalized Polymeric Nanomaterials to the Brain. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102610. [PMID: 35166052 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous delivery of nanomaterials containing therapeutic agents and various cargos for treating neurological disorders is often constrained by low delivery efficacy due to difficulties in passing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles (NPs) administered intranasally can move along olfactory and trigeminal nerves so that they do not need to pass through the BBB, allowing non-invasive, direct access to selective neural pathways within the brain. Hence, intranasal (IN) administration of NPs can effectively deliver drugs and genes into targeted regions of the brain, holding potential for efficacious disease treatment in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, current methods for delivering conjugated NPs to the brain are primarily discussed. Distinctive potential mechanisms of therapeutic nanocomposites delivered via IN pathways to the brain are then discussed. Recent progress in developing functional NPs for applications in multimodal bioimaging, drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics is also reviewed. This review is then concluded by discussing existing challenges, new directions, and future perspectives in IN delivery of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zha
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
| | - Ka‐Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
| | - Angelo H. All
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
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Wang X, Zhao X, Zhong Y, Shen J, An W. Biomimetic Exosomes: A New Generation of Drug Delivery System. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:865682. [PMID: 35677298 PMCID: PMC9168598 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.865682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the naked drugs, including small molecules, inorganic agents, and biomacromolecule agents, cannot be used directly for disease treatment because of their poor stability and undesirable pharmacokinetic behavior. Their shortcomings might seriously affect the exertion of their therapeutic effects. Recently, a variety of exogenous and endogenous nanomaterials have been developed as carriers for drug delivery. Among them, exosomes have attracted great attention due to their excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, low toxicity, and ability to overcome biological barriers. However, exosomes used as drug delivery carriers have significant challenges, such as low yields, complex contents, and poor homogeneity, which limit their application. Engineered exosomes or biomimetic exosomes have been fabricated through a variety of approaches to tackle these drawbacks. We summarized recent advances in biomimetic exosomes over the past decades and addressed the opportunities and challenges of the next-generation drug delivery system.
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