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Fieramosca A, Mastria R, Dini K, Dominici L, Polimeno L, Pugliese M, Prontera CT, De Marco L, Maiorano V, Todisco F, Ballarini D, De Giorgi M, Gigli G, Liew TCH, Sanvitto D. Origin of Exciton-Polariton Interactions and Decoupled Dark States Dynamics in 2D Hybrid Perovskite Quantum Wells. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8240-8247. [PMID: 38925628 PMCID: PMC11247545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The realization of efficient optical devices depends on the ability to harness strong nonlinearities, which are challenging to achieve with standard photonic systems. Exciton-polaritons formed in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites offer a promising alternative, exhibiting strong interactions at room temperature (RT). Despite recent demonstrations showcasing a robust nonlinear response, further progress is hindered by an incomplete understanding of the microscopic mechanisms governing polariton interactions in perovskite-based strongly coupled systems. Here, we investigate the nonlinear properties of quasi-2D dodecylammonium lead iodide perovskite (n3-C12) crystals embedded in a planar microcavity. Polarization-resolved pump-probe measurements reveal the contribution of indirect exchange interactions assisted by dark states formation. Additionally, we identify a strong dependence of the unique spin-dependent interaction of polaritons on sample detuning. The results are pivotal for the advancement of polaritonics, and the tunability of the robust spin-dependent anisotropic interaction in n3-C12 perovskites makes this material a powerful choice for the realization of polaritonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fieramosca
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mastria
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Kevin Dini
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Laura Polimeno
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Marco Pugliese
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | | | - Luisa De Marco
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Maiorano
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Francesco Todisco
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics Ennio De Giorgi, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
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2
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Yadav RK, Satapathy S, Deshmukh P, Datta B, Sharma A, Olsson AH, Chen J, Laursen BW, Flood AH, Sfeir MY, Menon VM. Direct Writing of Room Temperature Polariton Condensate Lattice. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38598721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Realizing lattices of exciton polariton condensates has been of much interest owing to the potential of such systems to realize analogue Hamiltonian simulators and physical computing architectures. Here, we report the realization of a room temperature polariton condensate lattice using a direct-write approach. Polariton condensation is achieved in a microcavity embedded with host-guest Frenkel excitons of an organic dye (rhodamine) in a small-molecule ionic isolation lattice (SMILES). The microcavity is patterned using focused ion beam etching to realize arbitrary lattice geometries, including defect sites on demand. The band structure of the lattice and the emergence of condensation are imaged using momentum-resolved spectroscopy. The introduction of defect sites is shown to lower the condensation threshold and result in the formation of a defect band in the condensation spectrum. The present approach allows us to study periodic, quasiperiodic, and disordered polariton condensate lattices at room temperature using a direct-write approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Sitakanta Satapathy
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Prathmesh Deshmukh
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- The PhD Program in Physics, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Biswajit Datta
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Addhyaya Sharma
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Andrew H Olsson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Department of Physics, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- The PhD Program in Physics, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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Putintsev AD, McGhee KE, Sannikov D, Zasedatelev AV, Töpfer JD, Jessewitsch T, Scherf U, Lidzey DG, Lagoudakis PG. Controlling the Spatial Profile and Energy Landscape of Organic Polariton Condensates in Double-Dye Cavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:186902. [PMID: 37977614 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.186902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-speed, all-optical polariton logic devices underlies emerging unconventional computing technologies and relies on advancing techniques to reversibly manipulate the spatial extent and energy of polartion condensates. We investigate active spatial control of polariton condensates independent of the polariton, gain-inducing excitation profile. This is achieved by introducing an extra intracavity semiconductor layer, nonresonant to the cavity mode. Partial saturation of the optical absorption in the uncoupled layer enables the ultrafast modulation of the effective refractive index and, through excited-state absorption, the polariton dissipation. Utilizing an intricate interplay of these mechanisms, we demonstrate control over the spatial profile, density, and energy of a polariton condensate at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton D Putintsev
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirsty E McGhee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Sannikov
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton V Zasedatelev
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julian D Töpfer
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Till Jessewitsch
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
| | - David G Lidzey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Pavlos G Lagoudakis
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Pierangeli D, Conti C. Single-shot polarimetry of vector beams by supervised learning. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1831. [PMID: 37005410 PMCID: PMC10067938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
States of light encoding multiple polarizations - vector beams - offer unique capabilities in metrology and communication. However, their practical application is limited by the lack of methods for measuring many polarizations in a scalable and compact way. Here we demonstrate polarimetry of vector beams in a single shot without any polarization optics. We map the beam polarization content into a spatial intensity distribution through light scattering and exploit supervised learning for single-shot measurements of multiple polarizations. We characterize structured light encoding up to nine polarizations with accuracy beyond 95% on each Stokes parameter. The method also allows us to classify beams with an unknown number of polarization modes, a functionality missing in conventional techniques. Our findings enable a fast and compact polarimeter for polarization-structured light, a general tool that may radically impact optical devices for sensing, imaging, and computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pierangeli
- Institute for Complex Systems - National Research Council (ISC-CNR), 00185, Rome, Italy.
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Conti
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Research Center Enrico Fermi (CREF), 00184, Rome, Italy
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5
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Hazan A, Ratzker B, Zhang D, Katiyi A, Sokol M, Gogotsi Y, Karabchevsky A. MXene-Nanoflakes-Enabled All-Optical Nonlinear Activation Function for On-Chip Photonic Deep Neural Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210216. [PMID: 36641139 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXene) are promising material platforms for on-chip neural networks owing to their nonlinear saturable absorption effect. The localized surface plasmon resonances in metallic MXene nanoflakes may play an important role in enhancing the electromagnetic absorption; however, their contribution is not determined due to the lack of a precise understanding of its localized surface plasmon behavior. Here, a saturable absorber made of MXene thin film and a silicon waveguide with MXene flakes overlayer are developed to perform neuromorphic tasks. The proposed configurations are reconfigurable and can therefore be adjusted for various applications without the need to modify the physical structure of the proposed MXene-based activator configurations via tuning the wavelength of operation. The capability and feasibility of the obtained results of machine-learning applications are confirmed via handwritten digit classification task, with near 99% accuracy. These findings can guide the design of advanced ultrathin saturable absorption materials on a chip for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adir Hazan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electro-Optics and Photonics Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Barak Ratzker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Danzhen Zhang
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aviad Katiyi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electro-Optics and Photonics Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Maxim Sokol
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alina Karabchevsky
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electro-Optics and Photonics Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
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Sravya V, Pavithra VR, Thangadurai TD, Nataraj D, Kumar NS. Excitation-independent and fluorescence-reversible N-GQD for picomolar detection of inhibitory neurotransmitter in milk samples ‒ an alleyway for possible neuromorphic computing application. Talanta 2021; 239:123132. [PMID: 34920264 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
N‒GQDs with an average size of ca. 20-30 nm are utilized for the picomolar detection of inhibitory neurotransmitters, glycine (Gly), in pH ca. 7.0. The crystalline nature, morphology, elemental composition, and chemical state of N-GQDs are investigated by XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XPS, and FT-IR techniques. The addition of Gly (100 × 10-9 M; 0 → 1.0 mL) steadily quenches the fluorescence intensity of N-GQD (1 × 10-6 M) at 432 nm (λex 333 nm) due to inner filter effect (IFE) through the formation of ground-state complex, N-GQD•Gly. The excitation-independent N‒GQDs showed an outstanding selectivity and sensitivity towards Gly with binding constant (Ka = 8.97 × 10-3 M-1) and LoD (21.04 pM; S/N = 3). Time-correlated single-photon counting experiment confirms the static quenching of N-GQD (8.77 → 8.85 ns) in the presence of Gly. The interference of other amino acids on the strong binding of the N-GQD•Gly complex in H2O is examined. Combinatorial Ex-OR and NOT gate logic circuits that could be useful in neuromorphic computing are developed based on the reversible fluorescence intensity changes of N-GQD upon the addition of Gly (ФF 0.54 → 0.39). The real-time application of N-GQD was investigated using commercially available relevant milk samples. Remarkably, not less than 99% cytotoxic reactivity of N-GQDs is attained against HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sravya
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Affiliated with Anna University, Coimbatore, 641 022, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Physics, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Affiliated to Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 029, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V R Pavithra
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Affiliated with Anna University, Coimbatore, 641 022, Tamilnadu, India
| | - T Daniel Thangadurai
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Affiliated with Anna University, Coimbatore, 641 022, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - D Nataraj
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - N Sathish Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Affiliated to Anna University, Coimbatore, 641 022, Tamilnadu, India
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Fąs T, Ściesiek M, Pacuski W, Golnik A, Suffczyński J. Hybrid Semimagnetic Polaritons in a Strongly Coupled Optical Microcavity. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7619-7624. [PMID: 34351162 PMCID: PMC8397346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons of a hybrid type, emerging in a structure comprising semimagnetic (Mn-doped) and nonmagnetic quantum wells coupled via the microcavity optical mode are demonstrated and studied. Thanks to the susceptibility of the excitons in the magnetic quantum well to the magnetic field, all the emerging hybrid polariton states acquire magnetic properties. In that way, external magnetic field enables control over the degree of hybridization, tuning of the ratio of the excitonic to photonic components of the hybrid polaritons, and alteration of the direction and dynamics of the energy transfer between the excitonic states in magnetic and nonmagnetic quantum wells. The presented possibility of the hybridization of a semimagnetic exciton with an exciton in a material that itself does not exhibit any meaningful magnetic effects is highly promising in the context of the fabrication of-to date lacking-organic, perovskite, or dichalcogenide-based systems with strong magnetooptical properties.
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