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Pal S, Keten S. Micro-ballistic response of thin film polymer grafted nanoparticle monolayers. SOFT MATTER 2024. [PMID: 39331362 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00718b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled polymer grafted nanoparticles (PGNs) are of great interest for their potential to enhance mechanical properties compared to neat polymers and nanocomposites. Apart from volume fraction of nanoparticles, recent experiments have suggested that nanoscale phenomena such as nanoconfinement of grafted chains, altered dynamics and relaxation behavior at the segmental and colloidal scales, and cohesive energy between neighboring coronas are important factors that influence mechanical and rheological properties. How these factors influence the mechanics of thin films subject to micro-ballistic impact remains to be fully understood. Here we examine the micro-ballistic impact resistance of PGN thin films with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) grafts using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The grafted chain length and nanoparticle core densities are systematically varied to understand the influences of interparticle spacing, cohesion, and momentum transfer effects under high-velocity impact. Our findings show that the inter-PGN cohesive energy density (γPGN) is an important parameter for energy absorption. Cohesion energy density is low for short grafts but quickly saturates around entanglement length as adjacent coronas interpenetrate fully. The response of γPGN positively influences specific penetration energy, , which peaks before chain entanglement starts (
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Pal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Sinan Keten
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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2
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Cui J, Zeng F, Wei D, Wang Y. Unraveling the effects of geometrical parameters on dynamic impact responses of graphene reinforced polymer nanocomposites using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19266-19281. [PMID: 38962897 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Nacre plays an important role in bionic design due to its light weight, high strength, and structure-function integration. The key to elucidate its reinforcing and toughening mechanisms is to truly characterize its multi-layer structure and properties. In this work, the dynamic impact responses of graphene reinforced polymer nanocomposites with a unique brick-and-mortar structure are investigated using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, in which the interfacial coarse-grained force field between graphene and the polymer matrix is derived by the energy matching approach. The influences of various geometrical parameters on dynamic impact responses of the nanocomposites are studied, including the interlayer distance, lateral distance, and number of graphene layers. The results demonstrate that the impact resistance of the nacre-like structure can be significantly improved by tuning the geometrical parameters of graphene layers. It is also found that the chain scission and interchain disentanglement of polymer chains are the main failure mechanisms during the perforation failure process as compared to the stretching and breaking of bonds. In addition, the microstructure analysis is performed to deeply interpret the deformation and damage mechanisms of the nanocomposites during impact. This study could be helpful for the rational design and preparation of graphene reinforced nacre-like nanocomposites with high impact resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzheng Cui
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fanlin Zeng
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dahai Wei
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youshan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environment, Center for Composite Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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3
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Liu-Fu W, Zhou X, Chen J, Yin JF, Yang J, Yin P. Functional Molecular Granular Materials: Advances and Perspectives. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300184. [PMID: 37116101 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular granular materials (MGMs) are constructed with sub-nanoscale molecular clusters (MCs) as the building units and they have recently been observed to possess enriched functionalities distinct from granular materials of colloid nanoparticles. Herein, the birth and recent research advances in MGMs are summarized with the topics covering the precise synthesis of MC assemblies with target topologies, the hierarchical relaxation dynamics and tuneable viscoelasticity, impact-resistant capacity, and proton conductivity performance. The extremely small size of MC renders them two features: bulk diffusive dynamics with energy scale close to thermal fluctuation energy and the dominant volume fraction of surface structures. This finally leads to the hierarchical relaxation dynamics and broadly tuneable viscoelasticity of MGMs although the structural units are with small sizes and low Mw . Therefore, MGMs have been applied as impact resistant materials and proton conductors for the highly tuneable relaxation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu-Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices &, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices &, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices &, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Fu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices &, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices &, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Panchao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices &, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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Hao W, Zhao Y, Miao L, Cheng G, Zhao G, Li J, Sang Y, Li J, Zhao C, He X, Sui C, Wang C. Multiple Impact-Resistant 2D Covalent Organic Framework. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1416-1423. [PMID: 36652343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exploring and designing two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials for armor-piercing protection has become a research focus. Here, by molecular dynamics simulation, we revealed that the ultralight monolayer covalent organic framework (COF), one kind of novel 2D crystalline polymer, possesses superior impact-resistant capability under high-velocity impact. The calculated specific penetration energy is much higher than that of other traditional impact-resistant materials, such as steel, poly(methyl methacrylate), Kevlar, etc. It was found that the hexagonal nanopores integrated by polymer chains have large deformation compatibility resulting from flexible torsion and stretching, which can remarkably contribute to the energy dissipation. In addition, the deformable nanopores can effectively restrain the crack propagation, enable COF to resist multiple impacts. This work uncovers the extreme dynamic responses of COF under high-velocity impact and provides theoretical guidance for designing superstrong 2D polymer-based crystalline nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Hao
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150001, China
| | - Yushun Zhao
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150001, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Linlin Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Guoxin Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Junjiao Li
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150001, China
| | - Yuna Sang
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150001, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Chao Sui
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150001, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
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Callahan K, Heard WF, Kundu S. High Strain Rate Failure Behavior of Polycarbonate Plates due to Hypervelocity Impact. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Callahan
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
| | - William F. Heard
- Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory (GSL), U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, Mississippi39180, United States
| | - Santanu Kundu
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
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Niu M, Cui C, Tian R, Zhao Y, Miao L, Hao W, Li J, Sui C, He X, Wang C. Mechanical and thermal properties of carbon nanotubes in carbon nanotube fibers under tension-torsion loading. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30085-30093. [PMID: 36329939 PMCID: PMC9585649 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05360h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In carbon nanotube fibers (CNFs) fabricated by spinning methods, it is well-known that the mechanical and thermal performances of CNFs are highly dependent on the mechanical and thermal properties of the inherent CNTs. Furthermore, long CNTs are usually preferred to assemble CNFs because the interaction and entanglement between long CNTs are effectively stronger than between short CNTs. However, in CNFs fabricated using long CNTs, the interior carbon nanotubes (CNTs) inevitably undergo both tension and torsion loading when they are stretched, which would influence the mechanical and thermal performances of CNFs. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to study the mechanical and thermal properties of individual CNTs under tension-torsion loading. As for mechanical properties, it was found that both the fracture strength and Young's modulus of CNTs decreased as the twist angle α increased. Besides, step-wise fracture happened due to stress concentration when the twisted CNTs are stretched. On the other hand, it could be seen that the thermal conductivity of CNTs decreased as α increased. This work presents the systematic investigation of the mechanical and thermal properties of CNTs under tension-torsion loading and provides a theoretical guideline for the design and fabrication of CNFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mowen Niu
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
- Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering Beijing 100076 China
| | - Chongxiao Cui
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
| | - Rui Tian
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
| | - Yushun Zhao
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Linlin Miao
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
| | - Weizhe Hao
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
| | - Chao Sui
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
- Shenzhen STRONG Advanced Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd Shenzhen 518000 China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
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Chen SH, Souna AJ, Stranick SJ, Jhalaria M, Kumar SK, Soles CL, Chan EP. Controlling toughness of polymer-grafted nanoparticle composites for impact mitigation. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:256-261. [PMID: 34931215 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01432c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toughness in an entangled polymer network is typically controlled by the number of load-bearing topological constraints per unit volume. In this work, we demonstrate a new paradigm for controlling toughness at high deformation rates in a polymer-grafted nanoparticle composite system where the entanglement density increases with the molecular mass of the graft. An unexpected peak in the toughness is observed right before the system reaches full entanglement that cannot be described through the entanglement concept alone. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering reveals enhanced segmental fluctuations of the grafts on the picosecond time scale, which propagate out to nanoparticle fluctuations on the time scale 100s of seconds as evidenced by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. This surprising multi-scale dissipation process suggests a nanoparticle jamming-unjamming transition. The realization that segmental dynamics can be coupled with the entanglement concept for enhanced toughness at high rates of deformation is a novel insight with relevance to the design of composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn H Chen
- Materials Measurement Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Amanda J Souna
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Stephan J Stranick
- Materials Measurement Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Mayank Jhalaria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 801 SW Mudd, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sanat K Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 801 SW Mudd, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Christopher L Soles
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Edwin P Chan
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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