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Molecular magneto-ionic proton sensor in solid-state proton battery. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7056. [PMID: 36396649 PMCID: PMC9672057 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High proton conductivity originated from its small size and the diffusion-free Grotthuss mechanism offers immense promise for proton-based magneto-ionic control of magnetic materials. Despite such promise, the realization of proton magneto-ionics is hampered by the lack of proton-responsive magnets as well as the solid-state sensing method. Here, we report the proton-based magneto-ionics in molecule-based magnet which serves as both solid-state proton battery electrode and radiofrequency sensing medium. The three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network in such a molecule-based magnet yields a high proton conductivity of 1.6 × 10-3 S cm-1. The three-dimensional printed vascular hydrogel provides the on-demand proton stimulus to enable magneto-ionics, where the Raman spectroscopy shows the redox behavior responsible for the magnetism control. The radiofrequency proton sensor shows high sensitivity in a wide proton concentration range from 10-6 to 1 molar under a low working radiofrequency and magnetic field of 1 GHz and 405 Oe, respectively. The findings shown here demonstrate the promising sensing application of proton-based magneto-ionics.
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Huang Y, Gong W, Zhang G, Li Z, Lin H, Yan Q, Ren S. Dimensional Transformation of Molecular Magnetic Materials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13232-13240. [PMID: 35938918 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic layered materials have revolutionized size dependent magnetism to manipulate spin-based devices. However, it has been challenging to artificially create 2D magnetic materials from three-dimensional (3D) crystal structures with a variety of material groups. Here, we present the dimensionality manipulation via cation exchange of a 3D Prussian blue analogue [RbMnFe(CN)6] toward a 2D magnetic sheet [(K,Rb)(V,Mn)(Cr,Fe)(CN)6] with the magnetic ordering temperature rising from 12 to 330 K. Such a 2D magnetic sheet achieves crystalline V-Cr coordination in the Prussian blue lattice with pronounced anisotropy and stimuli responsiveness. The pressure dependent magnetic tunability of such 2D networks is predicted using first-principles calculations and demonstrated using the phase transitions of the hydrogel. This previously unobserved phenomenon of dimensional manipulation of a bulk crystal structure provides a rational strategy to expand the diversity and chemical compositions of 2D molecular magnetic material libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Weiyi Gong
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Gengyi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Haiqing Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Qimin Yan
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Research and Education in Energy, Environment and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Abstract
Magneto-ionics, real-time ionic control of magnetism in solid-state materials, promise ultralow-power memory, computing, and ultralow-field sensor technologies. The real-time ion intercalation is also the key state-of-charge feature in rechargeable batteries. Here, we report that the reversible lithiation/delithiation in molecular magneto-ionic material, the cathode in a rechargeable lithium-ion battery, accurately monitors its real-time state of charge through a dynamic tunability of magnetic ordering. The electrochemical and magnetic studies confirm that the structural vacancy and hydrogen-bonding networks enable reversible lithiation and delithiation in the magnetic cathode. Coupling with microwave-excited spin wave at a low frequency (0.35 GHz) and a magnetic field of 100 Oe, we reveal a fast and reliable built-in magneto-ionic sensor monitoring state of charge in rechargeable batteries. The findings shown herein promise an integration of molecular magneto-ionic cathode and rechargeable batteries for real-time monitoring of state of charge.
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Jalouli A, Ren S. Magnetoelectric interaction in molecular multiferroic nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24050-24054. [PMID: 36093246 PMCID: PMC9400656 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04060c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of magnetic and electric orders in a form of multiferroics is an interesting topic in materials science. Making a molecular heterogeneous composite by incorporating the molecular magnet vanadium–chromium Prussian blue analogue (V–Cr PBA) and a molecular ferroelectric imidazolium chloride C3N2H5-ClO4 (ImClO4) provides a pathway towards achieving the room temperature magnetoelectric effect. The change of magnetization of about 6% is shown as a result of applying an electric field (21 kV cm−1) to the composite made of the aforementioned molecular crystals at room temperature. In the ferromagnetic resonance measurement (FMR) under the effect of an applied electric field, a shift of the resonance magnetic field is also observed in the nanocomposites. This work provides a pathway towards molecular multiferroic nanocomposites with magnetoelectric coupling interactions at room temperature. Incorporation of molecular magnetic and ferroelectric V–Cr PBA and ImClO4 introduces a room temperature multiferroic composite.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jalouli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
- Research and Education in Energy Environment & Water Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
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