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Sakamoto Y, Fujii S, Takano S, Fukushima J, Ando M, Kodera N, Nishimura T. Manipulation of Macrophage Uptake by Controlling the Aspect Ratio of Graft Copolymer Micelles. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5838-5846. [PMID: 38661003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanostructures of drug carriers play a crucial role in nanomedicine due to their ability to influence drug delivery. There is yet no clear consensus regarding the optimal size and shape (e.g., aspect ratio) of nanoparticles for minimizing macrophage uptake, given the difficulties in controlling the shape and size of nanoparticles while maintaining identical surface properties. Here, we employed graft copolymer self-assembly to prepare polymer micelles with aspect ratios ranging from 1.0 (spherical) to 10.8 (cylindrical) and closely matched interfacial properties. Notably, our findings emphasize that cylindrical micelles with an aspect ratio of 2.4 are the least susceptible to macrophage uptake compared with both their longer counterparts and spherical micelles. This reduced uptake of the short cylindrical micelles results in a 3.3-fold increase in blood circulation time compared with their spherical counterparts. Controlling the aspect ratio of nanoparticles is crucial for improving drug delivery efficacy through better nanoparticle design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shin Takano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Jokichi Fukushima
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ando
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kodera
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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Zhang Z, Li Z, Shi Y, Chen Y. Molecular Bottlebrushes as Emerging Nanocarriers: Material Design and Biomedical Application. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7286-7299. [PMID: 38535519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
As a unique unimolecular nanoobject, molecular bottlebrushes (MBBs) have attracted great interest from researchers in nanocarriers attributed to their defined structure, size, and shape. MBBs with various architectures have been proposed and constructed with well-defined domains for loading "cargos", including core, shell, and periphery functional groups. Compared with nanomaterials based on self-assembly, MBBs have lots of advantages, including facile synthesis, flexible compositions, favorable stability, and tunable size and shape, that make them a promising nanoplatform for various applications. This paper summarizes the recent progress during the past decade, with a focus on developments within the last five years in the synthesis of MBBs with different architectures, and uses them as nanocarriers in drug delivery, biological imaging, and other emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheqi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Grundler J, Shin K, Suh HW, Whang CH, Fulgoni G, Pierce RW, Saltzman WM. Nanoscale Surface Topography of Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Nanoparticles Composed of Bottlebrush Block Copolymers Prolongs Systemic Circulation and Enhances Tumor Uptake. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2815-2827. [PMID: 38227820 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Improving the performance of nanocarriers remains a major challenge in the clinical translation of nanomedicine. Efforts to optimize nanoparticle formulations typically rely on tuning the surface density and thickness of stealthy polymer coatings, such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Here, we show that modulating the surface topography of PEGylated nanoparticles using bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs) significantly enhances circulation and tumor accumulation, providing an alternative strategy to improve nanoparticle coatings. Specifically, nanoparticles with rough surface topography achieve high tumor cell uptake in vivo due to superior tumor extravasation and distribution compared to conventional smooth-surfaced nanoparticles based on linear block copolymers. Furthermore, surface topography profoundly impacts the interaction with serum proteins, resulting in the adsorption of fundamentally different proteins onto the surface of rough-surfaced nanoparticles formed from BBCPs. We envision that controlling the nanoparticle surface topography of PEGylated nanoparticles will enable the design of improved nanocarriers in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kwangsoo Shin
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering and Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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Shi Y, Hou W, Li Z, Chen Y. Tailoring the Architecture of Molecular Bottlebrushes via Click Grafting-Onto Strategy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300362. [PMID: 37625446 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular bottlebrush (MBB) refer to a synthetic macromolecule, in which a mass of polymeric side chains (SCs) are covalently connected to a macromolecular backbone densely, representing an important type of unimolecular nanomaterial. The chemical composition, size, shape, and surface property of MBB can be precisely tailored by varying the backbones and SCs as well as the grafting density (Gdst ). Meanwhile, the topological structure of backbones and SCs can also significantly affect the chemical and physical properties of MBBs. For the past few years, by combining the structure features of MBB, the polymers with diverse architectures using MBB as building block are synthesized, including linear, branched, and cyclic MBB etc. These promising architectural features will bring MBBs with diverse architectures and lots of applications in advanced materials. For this reason, this work is interested in giving a briefly summary of the recent progress on tailor of well-defined MBBs with diverse architectures using grafting-onto strategy combined with controlled polymerization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wangmeng Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zheqi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Takano S, Miyashima Y, Fujii S, Sakurai K. Molecular Bottlebrushes for Immunostimulatory CpG ODN Delivery: Relationship among Cation Density, Complex Formation Ability, and Cytotoxicity. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1299-1309. [PMID: 36762890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Artificially designed short single-stranded DNA sequences containing unmethylated CG (CpG ODNs) are agonists for toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9); thus, they have great potential as vaccine adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy and preventing infectious diseases. To deliver effectively CpG ODNs into cells bearing TLR9, nanoparticle polyion complexes of cationic polymers that are able to ingest multiple CpG ODN molecules have been developed; however, their structures and synthesized polycations are hard to control and bioincompatible, respectively. To solve these issues, we designed cationic molecular bottlebrushes (CMBs) with branches that are made from copolymers of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride. Several instrumental methods were carried out to determine the structure of a CMB and its complex with CpG ODNs. The complexation did not change the overall shape of the original CMB, and the bound CpG ODNs were captured by the outer layer of the CMB. The moderation of cations was important to reduce toxicity and improve secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyashima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
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Zhang D, Meng Y, Song Y, Cui P, Hu Z, Zheng X. Precision therapy through breaking the intracellular redox balance with an MOF-based hydrogel intelligent nanobot for enhancing ferroptosis and activating immunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8441-8453. [PMID: 35647731 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00950a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement and development of nanomedicine, tumor precision therapy provides technical support for effective accumulation and targeted drug delivery, and reduces toxic side effects. In cancer cells, breaking the redox balance could induce cancer cell death. Herein, a novel iron-containing intelligent hydrogel nanobot (FeSe2-Ce6/MOF@HA/PEI/CpG@HHPA NPs, abbreviated as FSMH) is proposed to break the intracellular redox balance and trigger the immune response. The as-fabricated multifunctional FSMH could not only exert Fenton reactions in the acidic tumor microenvironment, converting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), but also effectively consume GSH to attenuate the intracellular oxidative stress. The negative charge of the FSMH nanohydrogel system guarantees its superexcellent stabilization in blood circulation and optimal tumor collection. Subsequently, the surface charge of the endocytosed FSMH was transformed to a positive charge after exposure to the acidic tumor environment, further improving its tumor collection and locally releasing Fe ions and immune adjuvants. Furthermore, Ce6 was released in a pH-responsive manner in the acidic microenvironment. In the presence of near-infrared light, singlet oxygen was produced by the FSMH nanohydrogel system, to ablate tumors and promote the maturation of dendritic cells, achieving the precision-combined strategies effect of CDT, PDT, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P.R. China.
| | - Yanfei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P.R. China.
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yingzi Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P.R. China.
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ping Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P.R. China.
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zunfu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P.R. China.
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiuwen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P.R. China.
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P.R. China
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Fujii S, Takano S, Nakazawa K, Sakurai K. Impact of Zwitterionic Polymers on the Tumor Permeability of Molecular Bottlebrush-Based Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2846-2855. [PMID: 35486537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible polymers possessing antifouling properties for biomolecules are necessary to be combined with nanoparticles for cancer chemotherapy to improve their retention in blood and subsequent tumor accumulation. However, these properties simultaneously lead to poor affinity to cells, and low tumor tissue permeability subsequently, which is one of the major barriers in achieving efficient anticancer efficacy. To address this, we try to elucidate the tumor permeability of nanoparticles using molecular bottlebrushes (MBs) as model polymeric nanoparticles composed of various biocompatible polymers. An MB comprising nonionic poly[(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (PEGMA) shows no tumor permeability at all, whereas zwitterionic MBs composed of poly(phosphobetaine methacrylate), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate), or poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) penetrate deeply into tumor tissues. The carboxybetaine-based MBs showed an efficient cellular uptake into cancer cells while the other MBs did not, which enable them to penetrate into tumor tissues via the transcytosis pathway. Additionally, their permeability is based on intercellular or intracellular pathways, which might be related to the zwitterionic betaine properties that recognize protein transporters on cancer cells. Surprisingly, incorporating only 10 mol % of the zwitterionic betaine polymers into PEGMA-based MBs significantly enhances their tissue permeability. This platform technology enables us to redesign the PEG-based nanoparticles developed for cancer chemotherapy in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shin Takano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kohji Nakazawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
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Müllner M. Molecular polymer bottlebrushes in nanomedicine: therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5683-5716. [PMID: 35445672 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01601j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular polymer bottlebrushes are densely grafted, individual macromolecules with nanoscale proportions. The last decade has seen an increased focus on this material class, especially in nanomedicine and for biomedical applications. This Feature Article provides an overview of major developments in this area to highlight the many opportunities that these polymer architectures bring to nano-bio research. The article covers aspects of bottlebrush synthesis and summarises their use in drug and gene delivery, imaging, as theranostics and as prototype materials to correlate nanoparticle structure and composition to biological function and behaviour. Areas for future research in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. .,The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Chen H, Liu H, Liu L, Chen Y. Fabrication of subunit nanovaccines by physical interaction. SCIENCE CHINA. TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 65:989-999. [PMID: 35432491 PMCID: PMC9004205 DOI: 10.1007/s11431-021-2011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines can improve the quality of human life by preventing the burden of infectious diseases. Also, vaccination is becoming a powerful medication for preventing and treating tumors. Various vaccines have been developed based on the origin of the antigens. Herein, we focus on the subunit vaccines whose antigens are proteins or peptides. The advantage of subunit vaccines is safety for recipients; however, the immunogenicity of subunit antigens is relatively low. Nanoparticular delivery systems have been applied to improve the immunocompetence of subunit vaccines by targeting lymph nodes, and effectively present antigens to immune cells. Moreover, adding appropriate molecular adjuvants may strengthen the antigens to elicit immune response. In this perspective article, we first elucidate the characteristics of immunity induced by subunit nanovaccines and then summarize the strategies to fabricate subunit nanovaccines with delivering materials. Herein we highlight non-covalent interaction to fabricate nanoparticular subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaoLin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 China
| | - LiXin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - YongMing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
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