1
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Wang R, Zhang Y, Ma QDY, Wu L. Recent advances of small molecule detection in nanopore sensing. Talanta 2024; 277:126323. [PMID: 38810384 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Due to its advantages of label-free and highly sensitive, the resistive pulse sensing with a nanopore has recently become even more potent for the discrimination of analytes in single molecule level. Generally, a transient interruption of ion current originated from the captured molecule passing through a nanopore will provide the rich information on the structure, charge and translocation dynamics of the analytes. Therefore, nanopore sensors have been widely used in the fields of DNA sequencing, protein recognition, and the portable detection of varied macromolecules and particles. However, the conventional nanopore devices are still lack of sufficient selectivity and sensitivity to distinguish more metabolic molecules involving ATP, glucose, amino acids and small molecular drugs because it is hard to receive a large number of identifiable signals with the fabricated pores comparable in size to small molecules for nanopore sensing. For all this, a series of innovative strategies developed in the past decades have been summarized in this review, including host-guest recognition, engineering alteration of protein channel, the introduction of nucleic acid aptamers and various delivery carriers integrating signal amplification sections based on the biological and solid nanopore platforms, to achieve the high resolution for the small molecules sensing in micro-nano environment. These works have greatly enhanced the powerful sensing capabilities and extended the potential application of nanopore sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Wang
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yinuo Zhang
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Qianli D Y Ma
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Lingzhi Wu
- College of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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2
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Chen P, Li G, Li W. Nucleosome Dynamics Derived at the Single-Molecule Level Bridges Its Structures and Functions. JACS AU 2024; 4:866-876. [PMID: 38559720 PMCID: PMC10976579 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Nucleosome, the building block of chromatin, plays pivotal roles in all DNA-related processes. While cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has significantly advanced our understanding of nucleosome structures, the emerging field of single-molecule force spectroscopy is illuminating their dynamic properties. This technique is crucial for revealing how nucleosome behavior is influenced by chaperones, remodelers, histone variants, and post-translational modifications, particularly in their folding and unfolding mechanisms under tension. Such insights are vital for deciphering the complex interplay in nucleosome assembly and structural regulation, highlighting the nucleosome's versatility in response to DNA activities. In this Perspective, we aim to consolidate the latest advancements in nucleosome dynamics, with a special focus on the revelations brought forth by single-molecule manipulation. Our objective is to highlight the insights gained from studying nucleosome dynamics through this innovative approach, emphasizing the transformative impact of single-molecule manipulation techniques in the field of chromatin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules and Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation
and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- Department
of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory
for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Capital
Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Guohong Li
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules and Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation
and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules and Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation
and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
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3
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Chen S, He W, Li J, Xu D, Zhao R, Zhu L, Wu H, Xu F. Pulley Effect in the Capture of DNA Translocation through Solid-State Nanopores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5799-5808. [PMID: 38501264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Nanopores are powerful single-molecule sensors for analyzing biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. Understanding the dynamics of DNA capture and translocation through nanopores is essential for optimizing their performance. In this study, we examine the effects of applied voltage and pore diameter on current blockage, translocation time, collision, and capture location by translocating λ-DNA through 5.7 and 16 nm solid-state nanopores. Ionic current changes are used to infer DNA conformations during translocation. We find that translocation time increases with pore diameter, which can be attributed to the decrease of the stall force. Linear and exponential decreases of collision frequency with voltage are observed in the 16 and 5.7 nm pores, respectively, indicating a free energy barrier in the small pore. Moreover, the results reveal a voltage-dependent bias in the capture location toward the DNA ends, which is explained by a "pulley effect" deforming the DNA as it approaches the pore. This study provides insights into the physics governing DNA capture and translocation, which can be useful for promoting single-file translocation to enhance nanopore sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Wen He
- Analysis and Testing Center, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Derong Xu
- Jiangxi Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Libo Zhu
- School of Medical Imageology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hongwen Wu
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Jiangxi Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
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4
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Jena MK, Mittal S, Manna SS, Pathak B. Deciphering DNA nucleotide sequences and their rotation dynamics with interpretable machine learning integrated C 3N nanopores. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18080-18092. [PMID: 37916991 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
A solid-state nanopore combined with the quantum transport method has garnered substantial attention and intrigue for DNA sequencing due to its potential for providing rapid and accurate sequencing results, which could have numerous applications in disease diagnosis and personalized medicine. However, the intricate and multifaceted nature of the experimental protocol poses a formidable challenge in attaining precise single nucleotide analysis. Here, we report a machine learning (ML) framework combined with the quantum transport method to accelerate high-throughput single nucleotide recognition with C3N nanopores. The optimized eXtreme Gradient Boosting Regression (XGBR) algorithm has predicted the fingerprint transmission of each unknown nucleotide and their rotation dynamics with root mean square error scores as low as 0.07. Interpretability of ML black box models with the game theory-based SHapley Additive exPlanation method has provided a quasi-explanation for the model working principle and the complex relationship between electrode-nucleotide coupling and transmission. Moreover, a comprehensive ML classification of nucleotides based on binary, ternary, and quaternary combinations shows maximum accuracy and F1 scores of 100%. The results suggest that ML in tandem with a nanopore device can potentially alleviate the experimental hurdles associated with quantum tunneling and facilitate fast and high-precision DNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Jena
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
| | - Sneha Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
| | - Surya Sekhar Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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5
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Liang L, Qin F, Wang S, Wu J, Li R, Wang Z, Ren M, Liu D, Wang D, Astruc D. Overview of the materials design and sensing strategies of nanopore devices. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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6
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Maheshwaram SK, Shet D, David SR, Lakshminarayana MB, Soni GV. Nanopore Sensing of DNA-Histone Complexes on Nucleosome Arrays. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3876-3884. [PMID: 36441954 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The location of nucleosomes in DNA and their structural stability are critical in regulating DNA compaction, site accessibility, and epigenetic gene regulation. Here, we combine the nanopore platform-based fast and label-free single-molecule detection technique with a voltage-dependent force rupture assay to detect distinct structures on nucleosomal arrays and then to induce breakdown of individual nucleosome complexes. Specifically, we demonstrate direct measurement of distinct nucleosome structures present on individual 12-mer arrays. A detailed event analysis showed that nucleosomes are present as a combination of complete and partial structures, during translocation through the pore. By comparing with the voltage-dependent translocation of the mononucleosomes, we find that the partial nucleosomes result from voltage-dependent structural disintegration of nucleosomes. High signal-to-noise detection of heterogeneous levels in translocation of 12-mer array molecules quantifies the heterogeneity and nucleosomal substructure sizes on the arrays. These results facilitate the understanding of electrostatic interactions responsible for the integrity of the nucleosome structure and possible mechanisms of its unraveling by chromatin remodeling enzymes. This study also has potential applications in chromatin profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Divya Shet
- Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka 560080, India
| | - Serene R David
- Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka 560080, India
| | | | - Gautam V Soni
- Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka 560080, India
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7
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Gu C, Yu Z, Li X, Zhu X, Jin C, Cao Z, Dong S, Luo J, Ye Z, Liu Y. Experimental study on single biomolecule sensing using MoS 2-graphene heterostructure nanopores. NANOSCALE 2022; 15:266-274. [PMID: 36477179 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04485d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nanopores play an important role in sensing single-biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. However, an ultra-short translocation time hinders nanopores from acquiring more detailed information about biomolecules, and further applications such as sequencing and molecular structure analysis are limited. Related studies have shown that MoS2 has no obvious impediment to biomolecule translocation while graphene may cause obstacles to this process. By combining these two-dimensional materials, nanopores might slow the biomolecule passage. Herein, we fabricated sub-10 nm ultra-thin MoS2-graphene heterostructure nanopores with high stability and tested both dsDNA and native protein (BSA) at the single-molecule level in experiments for the first time. Some special signals with advanced order are observed, which may reflect the shape change of the BSA molecules during the slow translocation process. The results show that the translocation time of BSA is slowed down up to more than 100 ms and the signal length and form are determined by the extent of interaction between the BSA and the heterostructure nanopore. The weak interaction between the BSA and the MoS2 layer increases the translocation probability, and meanwhile, the strong interaction of the graphene layer to BSA slows down the translocation and changes its structure. Therefore, our findings indicate the possibilities of slowing down the single-biomolecule translocation and the capability of acquiring more detailed information about biomolecules using MoS2-graphene heterostructure nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoming Gu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
- International Joint Innovation Centre, Haining 314400, P. R. China
| | - Zhoubin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
- International Joint Innovation Centre, Haining 314400, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Chuanhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Cao
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
- International Joint Innovation Centre, Haining 314400, P. R. China
| | - Shurong Dong
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
- International Joint Innovation Centre, Haining 314400, P. R. China
| | - Jikui Luo
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
- International Joint Innovation Centre, Haining 314400, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Ye
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
- International Joint Innovation Centre, Haining 314400, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
- International Joint Innovation Centre, Haining 314400, P. R. China
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8
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Wang Z, Hu R, Zhu R, Lu W, Wei G, Zhao J, Gu ZY, Zhao Q. Metal-Organic Cage as Single-Molecule Carrier for Solid-State Nanopore Analysis. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200743. [PMID: 36216776 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to detect biomolecules at the single-molecule level is at the forefront of biological research, precision medicine, and early diagnosis. Recently, solid-state nanopore sensors have emerged as a promising technique for label-free and precise diagnosis assay. However, insufficient sensitivity and selectivity for small analytes are a great challenge for clinical diagnosis applications via solid-state nanopores. Here, for the first time, a metal-organic cage, PCC-57, is employed as a carrier to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of solid-state nanopores based on the intrinsic interaction of the nanocage with biomolecules. Firstly, it is found that the carrier itself is undetectable unless bound with the target analytes and used oligonucleotides as linkers to attach PCC-57 and target analytes. Secondly, two small analytes, oligonucleotide conjugated angiopep-2 and polyphosphoric acid, are successfully distinguished using the molecular carrier. Finally, selectivity of nanopore detection is achieved by attaching PCC-57 to oligonucleotide-tailed aptamers, and the human alpha-thrombin sample is successfully detected. It is believed that the highly designable metal-organic cage could serve as a rich carrier repository for a variety of biomolecules, facilitating single-molecule screening of clinically relevant biomolecules based on solid-state nanopores in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Hu
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenlong Lu
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guanghao Wei
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Gu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226010, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100084, China
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9
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Zhang X, Luo D, Zheng YW, Li XQ, Song J, Zhao WW, Chen HY, Xu JJ. Translocation of Specific DNA Nanocarrier through an Ultrasmall Nanopipette: Toward Single-Protein-Molecule Detection with Superior Signal-to-Noise Ratio. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15108-15114. [PMID: 36047811 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of functional DNA nanostructures as carriers to ship proteins through solid-state nanopores has recently seen substantial growth in single-protein-molecule detection (SPMD), driven by the potential of this methodology and implementations that it may enable. Ultrasmall nanopores have exhibited obvious advantages in spatiotemporal biological detection due to the appropriate nanoconfined spaces and unique properties. Herein, a 6.8 nm DNA tetrahedron (TDN) with a target-specific DNA aptamer (TDN-apt) was engineered to carry the representative target of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) through an ultrasmall nanopipet with a 30 nm orifice, underpinning the advanced SPMD of AChE with good performance in terms of high selectivity, low detection limit (0.1 fM), and especially superior signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The kinetic interaction between TDN-apt and AChE was studied and the practical applicability of the as-developed SPMD toward real samples was validated using serum samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease. This work not only presented a feasible SPMD solution toward low-abundance proteins in complex samples and but also was envisioned to inspire more interest in the design and implementation of synergized DNA nanostructure-ultrasmall nanopore systems for future SPMD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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10
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Wei G, Hu R, Li Q, Lu W, Liang H, Nan H, Lu J, Li J, Zhao Q. Oligonucleotide Discrimination Enabled by Tannic Acid-Coordinated Film-Coated Solid-State Nanopores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6443-6453. [PMID: 35544765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination of nucleotides serves as the basis for DNA sequencing using solid-state nanopores. However, the translocation of DNA is usually too fast to be detected, not to mention nucleotide discrimination. Here, we utilized polyphenolic TA and Fe3+, an attractive metal-organic thin film, and achieved a fast and robust surface coating for silicon nitride nanopores. The hydrophilic coating layer can greatly reduce the low-frequency noise of an original unstable nanopore, and the nanopore size can be finely tuned in situ at the nanoscale by simply adjusting the relative ratio of Fe3+ and TA monomers. Moreover, the hydrogen bonding interaction formed between the hydroxyl groups provided by TA and the phosphate groups of DNAs significantly increases the residence time of a short double-strand (100 bp) DNA. More importantly, we take advantage of the different strengths of hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydroxyl groups provided by TA and the analytes to discriminate between two oligonucleotide samples (oligodeoxycytidine and oligodeoxyadenosine) with similar sizes and lengths, of which the current signal patterns are significantly different using the coated nanopore. The results shed light on expanding the biochemical functionality of surface coatings on solid-state nanopores for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Wei
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Hu
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiuhui Li
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenlong Lu
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hanyu Liang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 310022 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hexin Nan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 310022 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010 Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juan Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 310022 Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010 Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
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