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Gong Y, Hu L, Li M, Yang Y, Xu L, Hao J. Biophysical impact of lubricating base oil aerosols on natural pulmonary surfactant film. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135248. [PMID: 39029184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Lubricating base oils have been extensively employed for producing various industrial and consumer products. Therefore, their environmental and health impacts should be carefully evaluated. Although there have been many reports on pulmonary cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses of inhaled lubricating base oils, their potential influences on pulmonary surfactant (PS) films that play an essential role in maintaining respiratory mechanics and pulmonary immunity remains largely unknown. Here a systematic study on the interactions between an animal-derived natural PS and aerosols of water and representative mineral and vegetable base oils is performed using a novel biophysical assessing technique called constrained drop surfactometry capable of providing in vitro simulations of normal tidal breathing and physiologically relevant temperature and humidity in the lung. It was found that the mineral oil aerosols can impose strong inhibitions to the biophysical property of PS film, while the airborne vegetable oils and water show negligible adverse effects within the studied concentration range. The inhibitory effect is originated from the strong hydrophobicity of mineral oil, which makes it able to disrupt the interfacial molecular ordering of both phospholipid and protein compositions and consequently suppress the formation of condensed phase and multilayer scaffolds in a PS film. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Understanding the biophysical influence of airborne lubricating base oils on pulmonary surfactant (PS) films can provide new insights into the environmental impacts and health concerns of various industrial lubricant products. Here a comparative study on interactions between an animal-derived natural PS film and the aerosols of water and representative mineral and vegetable base oils under the true physiological conditions was conducted in situ using constrained drop surfactometry. We show that the most frequently used mineral base oil can cause strong inhibitions to the PS film by disrupting the molecular ordering of saturated phospholipids and surfactant-associated proteins at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, PR China
| | - Lulin Hu
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Mingfei Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Lu Xu
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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Yu W, Ji Z, Lyu Y, Sui X, Hao J, Xu L. Versatile Pickering emulsion gel lubricants stabilized by cooperative interfacial graphene oxide-polymer assemblies. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3298-3306. [PMID: 38873811 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00364k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Although a large number of water- and oil-based gel lubricants have found extensive potential applications in industrial and biomedical fields, developing new-type emulsion-based gel lubricants that may effectively integrate their characteristics and preponderances remains a significant challenge. Here a water-in-oil Pickering emulsion gel lubricant that is able to combine the high colloidal stability of traditional Pickering emulsions, the good swelling and corrosion resistance of oil-based gel lubricants, and the high cooling capacity of water-based gel lubricants prepared from a binary mixture of aqueous graphene oxide (GO) dispersion and diamino-functionalized polydimethylsiloxane oil solution in a broad concentration, pH, and water volume fraction range is reported. It can provide favourable lubrication for the Si3N4/steel and Si3N4/silicone tribopairs either in air or under water owing to the formation of a sturdy adsorbed oil film and ball-bearing actions of the GO particles. It can also be printed into various colourful 2D and 3D geometries upon direct extrusion into water, thanks to its water-in-oil nature and inherent shear-thinning and thixotropic properties, which further shows good prospects in underwater operations and artificial biomimetic organs. Our study may provide new insights into the design and preparation of novel semi-solid materials for diverse industrial, engineering, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, China.
| | - Zhongying Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, China.
| | - Yang Lyu
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, China.
| | - Xudong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Institute for Engineering Design and Product Development, Tribology Research Division, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, China.
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Yan F, Hu L, Ji Z, Lyu Y, Chen S, Xu L, Hao J. Highly Interfacial Active Gemini Surfactants as Simple and Versatile Emulsifiers for Stabilizing, Lubricating and Structuring Liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318926. [PMID: 38381597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
To date, locking the shape of liquids into non-equilibrium states usually relies on jamming nanoparticle surfactants at an oil/water interface. Here we show that a synthetic water-soluble zwitterionic Gemini surfactant can serve as an alternative to nanoparticle surfactants for stabilizing, structuring and additionally lubricating liquids. By having a high binding energy comparable to amphiphilic nanoparticles at the paraffin oil/water interface, the surfactant can attain near-zero interfacial tensions and ultrahigh surface coverages after spontaneous adsorption. Owing to the strong association between neighboring surfactant molecules, closely packed monolayers with high mechanical elasticity can be generated at the oil/water interface, thus allowing the surfactant to produce not only ultra-stable emulsions but also structured liquids with various geometries by using extrusion printing and 3D printing techniques. By undergoing tribochemical reactions at its sulfonic terminus, the surfactant can endow the resultant emulsions with favorable lubricity even under high load-bearing conditions. Our study may provide new insights into creating complex liquid devices and new-generation lubricants capable of combining the characteristics of both liquid and solid lubricants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Yan
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Lulin Hu
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhongying Ji
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yang Lyu
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, China
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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Chen S, Sun H, Liu J, Wang J, Lu H, Hao J, Xu L, Liu W. A dual-responsive microemulsion with macroscale superlubricity and largely switchable friction. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1668-1678. [PMID: 38476075 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01978k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Although stimuli-responsive microemulsions (MEMs) consisting of water, oil and surfactants have found extensive potential applications in industrial fields, a responsive MEM exhibiting either macroscale superlubricity or two friction states where its coefficient of friction (CoF) can be switched by more than one order of magnitude has not yet been reported. Moreover, although traditional liquid superlubricants can provide ultralow friction and wear, effective control over the friction between two contacting surfaces is crucial for both achieving accurate control of the operation of an instrument and fabricating smart devices. Here we create a thermo- and magneto-responsive MEM capable of providing superlubrication for metallic materials in a broad temperature range from -30 to 20 °C using n-hexane, water, surfactant DDACe ((C12H25)2N+(CH3)2[CeCl4]-) and ethylene glycol. The MEM can abruptly and dramatically switch its CoF by approximately 25 fold based on a thermally reversible MEM-emulsion (EM) transition. Its anti-freezing performance allows it to provide effective lubrication even when the surrounding temperature attains as low as -60 °C. Together with its facile preparation, ultrahigh colloidal stability and magnetically controlled migration, such a novel smart MEM is envisioned to find widespread applications in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Hongsheng Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, China
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Lu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Yu W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Hu L, Hao J, Xu L, Liu W. Versatile MXene Gels Assisted by Brief and Low-Strength Centrifugation. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:94. [PMID: 38252190 PMCID: PMC10803715 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Due to the mutual repulsion between their hydrophilic surface terminations and the high surface energy facilitating their random restacking, 2D MXene nanosheets usually cannot self-assemble into 3D macroscopic gels with various applications in the absence of proper linking agents. In this work, a rapid spontaneous gelation of Ti3C2Tx MXene with a very low dispersion concentration of 0.5 mg mL-1 into multifunctional architectures under moderate centrifugation is illustrated. The as-prepared MXene gels exhibit reconfigurable internal structures and tunable rheological, tribological, electrochemical, infrared-emissive and photothermal-conversion properties based on the pH-induced changes in the surface chemistry of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets. By adopting a gel with optimized pH value, high lubrication, exceptional specific capacitances (~ 635 and ~ 408 F g-1 at 5 and 100 mV s-1, respectively), long-term capacitance retention (~ 96.7% after 10,000 cycles) and high-precision screen- or extrusion-printing into different high-resolution anticounterfeiting patterns can be achieved, thus displaying extensive potential applications in the fields of semi-solid lubrication, controllable devices, supercapacitors, information encryption and infrared camouflaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjing Wang
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, People's Republic of China
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Zhang X, Wang H, Xiao T, Chen X, Li W, Xu Y, Lin J, Wang Z, Peng H, Zhang S. Hydrogen Isotope Separation Using Graphene-Based Membranes in Liquid Water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:4975-4983. [PMID: 36995779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen isotope separation has been effectively achieved electrochemically by passage of gaseous H2/D2 through graphene/Nafion composite membranes. Nevertheless, deuteron nearly does not exist in the form of gaseous D2 in nature but as liquid water. Thus, it is a more feasible way to separate and enrich deuterium from water. Herein, we have successfully transferred monolayer graphene to a rigid and porous polymer substrate, PITEM (polyimide track-etched membrane), which could avoid the swelling problem of the Nafion substrate as well as keep the integrity of graphene. Meanwhile, defects in the large area of CVD graphene could be successfully repaired by interfacial polymerization resulting in a high separation factor. Moreover, a new model was proposed for the proton transport mechanism through monolayer graphene based on the kinetic isotope effect (KIE). In this model, graphene plays a significant role in the H/D separation process by completely breaking the O-H/O-D bond, which can maximize the KIE, leading to increased H/D separation performance. This work suggests a promising application for using monolayer graphene in the industry and proposes a pronounced understanding of proton transport in graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hequn Wang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wen Li
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianlong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Zhou Q, Li Y, Li L, Sun N, Zhang H, Jiang J, Du T, Mo Y, Aldeen A, Xiao R, Chen Y, Wang S, Liu M, Li C, Feng X. Radiosensitization of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Graphene Oxide Nanosheets to Reduce Bcl-2 Level. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:4245-4256. [PMID: 36913208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There are many treatments for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but none of them are very effective. Radiotherapy is used extensively in NPC treatment, but radioresistance is a major problem. Graphene oxide (GO) has been previously studied in cancer treatment, and this study is aimed to explore its role in radiosensitization of NPC. Therefore, graphene oxide nanosheets were prepared, and the relationship between GO and radioresistance was explored. The GO nanosheets were synthesized by a modified Hummers' method. The morphologies of the GO nanosheets were characterized by field-emission environmental scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphological changes and radiosensitivity of C666-1 and HK-1 cells with or without the GO nanosheets were observed by an inverted fluorescence microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Colony formation assay and Western Blot were applied for analysis of NPC radiosensitivity. The as-synthesized GO nanosheets have lateral dimensions (sizes ∼1 μm) and exhibit a thin wrinkled two-dimensional lamellar structure with slight folds and crimped edges (thickness values ∼1 nm). C666-1 cells with the GO was significantly changed the morphology of cells postirradiation. The full field of view visualized by a microscope showed the shadow of dead cells or cell debris. The synthesized graphene oxide nanosheets inhibited cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 in C666-1 and HK-1 cells but increased the level of Bax. The GO nanosheets could affect the cell apoptosis and reduce the pro-survival protein Bcl-2 related to the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. The GO nanosheets could enhance radiosensitivity, which might be a radioactive material in NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology and Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Chenzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Liya Li
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Nianzhe Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Hand & Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Hanghao Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Jiahui Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology and Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Tao Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology and Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Yan Mo
- Department of Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology and Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Alaa Aldeen
- Department of Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology and Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Runsha Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology and Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shuanglian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology and Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Mian Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Chengmin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology and Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Xueping Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology and Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
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