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Chen B, Meng K, Qiao Z, Zhai Y, Yu R, Fang Z, Yan P, Xiao M, Pan L, Zheng L, Cao K, Chen G. Surface Crystallization Modulation toward Highly-Oriented and Phase-Pure 2D Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312054. [PMID: 38327173 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
2D perovskites have shown great potential toward stable and efficient photovoltaic devices. However, the crystal orientation and phase impurity issues of 2D perovskite films originating from the anisotropic crystal structure and specific growth mechanism have demoted their optoelectronic performances. Here, the surface crystallization modulation technique is introduced to fabricate the high-quality 2D perovskite films with both vertical crystal orientation and high phase purity by regulating the crystallization dynamics. The solvent atmosphere condition is instituted during film processing, which promotes the formation of an oriented 2D perovskite layer in stoichiometric composition at the vapor-liquid interface and templates the subsequent film growth. The solar cells based on the optimized 2D perovskite films exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 15.04%, the record for 2D perovskites (with the perovskite slab thickness n ≤ 3 and high phase purity). The solar cells based on the highly-oriented and phase-pure 2D perovskite films also demonstrate excellent thermal and humidity stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ke Meng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yufeng Zhai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Runze Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhu Fang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Pu Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Li Pan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Liya Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Kecheng Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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Zhang X, Einhaus L, Huijser A, ten Elshof JE. Manipulation of Crystal Orientation and Phase Distribution of Quasi-2D Perovskite through Synergistic Effect of Additive Doping and Spacer Engineering. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5246-5259. [PMID: 38429861 PMCID: PMC10951954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The diammonium precursor 1,4-phenylenedimethanammonium (PDMA) was used as a large organic spacer for the preparation of Dion-Jacobson-type quasi-2D perovskites (PDMA)(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 (MA = methylammonium). Films with composition ⟨n⟩ = 5 comprised randomly orientated grains and multiple microstructural domains with locally differing n values. However, by mixing the Dion-Jacobson-type spacer PDMA and the Ruddlesden-Popper-type spacer propylammonium (PA), the crystal orientation in both the vertical and the horizonal directions became regulated. High crystallinity owing to well-matched interlayer distances was observed. Combining this spacer-engineering approach with the addition of methylammonium chloride (MACl) led to full vertical alignment of the crystal orientation. Moreover, the microstructural domains at the substrate interface changed from low-n (n = 1, 2, 3) to high-n (n = 4, 5), which may be beneficial for hole extraction at the interface between perovskite and hole transport layer due to a more finely tuned band alignment. Our work sheds light on manipulating the crystallization behavior of quasi-2D perovskite and further paves the way for highly stable and efficient perovskite devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Inorganic
Materials Science Group, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Einhaus
- PhotoCatalytic
Synthesis Group, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, 7500
AE Enschede, The
Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Huijser
- PhotoCatalytic
Synthesis Group, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, 7500
AE Enschede, The
Netherlands
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Chen M, Dong X, Xin Y, Gao Y, Fu Q, Wang R, Xu Z, Chen Y, Liu Y. Crystal Growth Regulation of Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites via Self-Assembly of Semiconductor Spacers for Efficient Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315943. [PMID: 38057544 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The crystal growth and orientation of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite films significantly impact solar cell performance. Here, we incorporated robust quadrupole-quadrupole interactions to govern the crystal growth of 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites. This was achieved through the development of two unique semiconductor spacers, namely PTMA and 5FPTMA, with different dipole moments. The ((5FPTMA)0.1 (PTMA)0.9 )2 MAn-1 Pbn I3n+1 (nominal n=5, 5F/PTMA-Pb) film shows a preferred vertical orientation, reduced grain boundaries, and released residual strain compared to (PTMA)2 MAn-1 Pbn I3n+1 (nominal n=5, PTMA-Pb), resulting in a decreased exciton binding energy and reduced electron-phonon coupling coefficients. In contrast to PTMA-Pb device with an efficiency of 15.66 %, the 5F/PTMA-Pb device achieved a champion efficiency of 18.56 %, making it among the best efficiency for 2D RP perovskite solar cells employing an MA-based semiconductor spacer. This work offers significant insights into comprehending the crystal growth process of 2D RP perovskite films through the utilization of quadrupole-quadrupole interactions between semiconductor spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Chen
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiyue Dong
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yufei Xin
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuping Gao
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Rui Wang
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Chen
- The Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Meng K, Chen B, Xiao M, Zhai Y, Qiao Z, Yu R, Pan L, Zheng L, Chen G. Humidity-Insensitive, Large-Area-Applicable, Hot-Air-Assisted Ambient Fabrication of 2D Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209712. [PMID: 36579894 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
2D layered perovskites (LPs) have shown great potential to deliver high-performance photovoltaic devices with long-term stability. Despite many signs of progress being made in film quality and device performance, LP films are mainly processed in strict conditions and through non-scalable techniques. Here, the hot-air-assisted ambient fabrication technique is introduced to prepare LP films for efficient and stable solar cells. The high-quality LP films with good crystallinity, preferable orientation and desirable morphology are obtained by balancing the crystal nucleation and growth processes. Employing the synchrotron-based in situ grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction technique, hot air induces the solidification of solutes and forms an intermediate at the air-liquid interface, which transforms into 3D-like perovskite, followed by the growth of the 2D species toward the substrate. The optimal LP film delivers a device power conversion efficiency of 16.36%, the best value for the LP-based solar cells prepared by the non-spin-coating techniques. The solar cell performance is insensitive to the film processing humidity and the device size is upscalable, which promises real-world deployment of LP-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Meng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Zhai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Runze Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Li Pan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Liya Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
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