Heat Confinement Aerogel Enables Supramagnetothermal Effect for Triggering Nitric Oxide Generation

PerC B-Cells Activation via Thermogenetics-Based CXCL12 Generator for Intraperitoneal Immunity Against Metastatic Disseminated Tumor Cells

During cancer peritoneal metastasis (PM), conventional antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells, macrophages) promote tumorigenesis and immunosuppression in peritoneal cavity. While intraperitoneal immunotherapy (IPIT) has been used in clinical investigations to relieve PM, the limited knowledge of peritoneal immunocytes has hindered the development of therapeutic IPIT. Here, a dendritic cell-independent, next-generation IPIT is described that activates peritoneal cavity B (PerC B) cell subsets for intraperitoneal anti-tumor immunity via exogenous antigen presentation. The PerC B-cell-involved IPIT framework consists of an isotropic-porous, cell-fitting, thermogenetics-based CXCL12 generator. Such nanoscale thermal-confined generator can programmatically fine-tune the expression of CXCL12 to recruit disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) through CXCL12-CXCR4 axis while avoiding cytokine storm, subsequently release DTC-derived antigen to trigger PerC B-cell-involved immunity. Notably, antigen-presenting B-cell cluster, expressing the regulatory signaling molecules Ptpn6, Ms4a1, and Cd52, is identified playing the key role in the IPIT via single-cell RNA sequencing. Moreover, such IPIT availably assuages peritoneal effusion and PM in an orthotopic gastric cancer and metastatic model. Overall, this work offers a perspective on PerC B-cell-involved antigen-presenting in intraperitoneal immunity and provides a configurable strategy for activating anti-DTC immunity for next-generation IPIT.

Graphene-Metal Nanocrystal Hybrid Materials for Bioapplications

The development of functional nanomaterials is crucial for advancing personalized and precision medicine. Graphene-metal nanocrystal hybrid materials not only possess the intrinsic advantages of graphene-based materials but also exhibit additional optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties of various metal nanocrystals, showing great synergies in bioapplications, including biosensing, bioimaging, and disease treatments. In this Perspective, we discuss the advantages and design principles of graphene-metal nanocrystal hybrid materials and provide an overview of their applications in biological fields. Finally, we highlight the challenges and future directions for their practical implementation.

Advanced Nitric Oxide Generating Nanomedicine for Therapeutic Applications

Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous transmitter extensively present in the human body, regulates vascular relaxation, immune response, inflammation, neurotransmission, and other crucial functions. Nitrite donors have been used clinically to treat angina, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and erectile dysfunction. Based on NO's vast biological functions, it further can treat tumors, bacteria/biofilms and other infections, wound healing, eye diseases, and osteoporosis. However, delivering NO is challenging due to uncontrolled blood circulation release and a half-life of under five seconds. With advanced biotechnology and the development of nanomedicine, NO donors packaged with multifunctional nanocarriers by physically embedding or chemically conjugating have been reported to show improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. Herein, we review and discuss recent applications of NO nanomedicines, their therapeutic mechanisms, and the challenges of NO nanomedicines for future scientific studies and clinical applications. As NO enables the inhibition of the replication of DNA and RNA in infectious microbes, including COVID-19 coronaviruses and malaria parasites, we highlight the potential of NO nanomedicines for antipandemic efforts. This review aims to provide deep insights and practical hints into design strategies and applications of NO nanomedicines.