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Davenport AM, Marshall CR, Nishiguchi T, Kadota K, Andreeva AB, Horike S, Brozek CK. Size-Dependent Spin Crossover and Bond Flexibility in Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23692-23698. [PMID: 39145699 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Size reduction offers a synthetic route to tunable phase change behavior. Preparing materials as nanoparticles causes drastic modulations to critical temperatures (Tc), hysteresis widths, and the "sharpness" of first-order versus second-order phase transitions. A microscopic picture of the chemistry underlying this size dependence in phenomena ranging from melting to superconductivity remains debated. As a case study with broad implications, we report that size-dependent spin crossover (SCO) in nanocrystals of the metal-organic framework (MOF) Fe(1,2,3-triazolate)2 arises from metal-linker bonds becoming more labile in smaller particles. In comparison to the bulk material, differential scanning calorimetry indicates a ∼ 30-40% reduction in Tc and ΔH in the smallest particles. Variable-temperature vibrational spectroscopy reveals a diminished long-range structural cooperativity, while X-ray diffraction evidence an over 3-fold increase in the thermal expansion coefficients. This "phonon softening" provides a molecular mechanism for designing size-dependent behavior in framework materials and for understanding phase changes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Davenport
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Checkers R Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Taichi Nishiguchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kadota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Anastasia B Andreeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Satoshi Horike
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Carl K Brozek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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Ji LJ, Yang TY, Feng GQ, Li S, Li W, Bu XH. Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of 3D Metal-Organic Frameworks into Nanosheets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404756. [PMID: 39119851 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, the acquisition of 2D materials involved the exfoliation of layered crystals. However, the anisotropic bonding arrangements within 3D crystals indicate they are mechanically reminiscent of 2D counterparts and could also be exfoliated into nanosheets. This report delineates the preparation of 2D nanosheets from six representative 3D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) through liquid-phase exfoliation. Notably, the cleavage planes of exfoliated nanosheets align perpendicular to the direction of the minimum elastic modulus (Emin) within the pristine 3D frameworks. The findings suggest that the in-plane and out-of-plane bonding forces of the exfoliated nanosheets can be correlated with the maximum elastic modulus (Emax) and Emin of the 3D frameworks, respectively. Emax influences the ease of cleaving adjacent layers, while Emin governs the ability to resist cracking of layers. Hence, a combination of large Emax and small Emin indicates an efficient exfoliation process, and vice versa. The ratio of Emax/Emin, denoted as Amax/min, is adopted as a universal index to quantify the ease of mechanical exfoliation for 3D MOFs. This ratio, readily accessible through mechanical experiments and computation, serves as a valuable metric for selecting appropriate exfoliation methods to produce surfactant-free 2D nanosheets from various 3D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Ji
- Department of Physics and Mechanical and Electrical Engineering & Expert Workstation for Terahertz Technology and Advanced Energy Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tian-Yi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University & TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Feng
- Department of Physics and Mechanical and Electrical Engineering & Expert Workstation for Terahertz Technology and Advanced Energy Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Physics and Mechanical and Electrical Engineering & Expert Workstation for Terahertz Technology and Advanced Energy Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University & TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University & TKL of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Tianjin, 300350, China
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Dai S, Simms C, Patriarche G, Daturi M, Tissot A, Parac-Vogt TN, Serre C. Highly defective ultra-small tetravalent MOF nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3434. [PMID: 38653991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The size and defects in crystalline inorganic materials are of importance in many applications, particularly catalysis, as it often results in enhanced/emerging properties. So far, applying the strategy of modulation chemistry has been unable to afford high-quality functional Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) nanocrystals with minimized size while exhibiting maximized defects. We report here a general sustainable strategy for the design of highly defective and ultra-small tetravalent MOFs (Zr, Hf) crystals (ca. 35% missing linker, 4-6 nm). Advanced characterizations have been performed to shed light on the main factors governing the crystallization mechanism and to identify the nature of the defects. The ultra-small nanoMOFs showed exceptional performance in peptide hydrolysis reaction, including high reactivity, selectivity, diffusion, stability, and show emerging tailorable reactivity and selectivity towards peptide bond formation simply by changing the reaction solvent. Therefore, these highly defective ultra-small M(IV)-MOFs particles open new perspectives for the development of heterogeneous MOF catalysts with dual functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Dai
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Charlotte Simms
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gilles Patriarche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marco Daturi
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Tissot
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Tatjana N Parac-Vogt
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Christian Serre
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France.
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Svensson Grape E, Davenport AM, Brozek CK. Dynamic metal-linker bonds in metal-organic frameworks. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1935-1941. [PMID: 38226850 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04164f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Metal-linker bonds serve as the "glue" that binds metal ions to multitopic organic ligands in the porous materials known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Despite ample evidence of bond lability in molecular and polymeric coordination compounds, the metal-linker bonds of MOFs were long assumed to be rigid and static. Given the importance of ligand fields in determining the behaviour of metal species, labile bonding in MOFs would help explain outstanding questions about MOF behaviour, while providing a design tool for controlling dynamic and stimuli-responsive optoelectronic, magnetic, catalytic, and mechanical phenomena. Here, we present emerging evidence that MOF metal-linker bonds exist in dynamic equilibria between weakly and tightly bond conformations, and that these equilibria respond to guest-host chemistry, drive phase change behavior, and exhibit size-dependence in MOF nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Svensson Grape
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Audrey M Davenport
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
| | - Carl K Brozek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
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Yue L, Tao M, Xu L, Wang C, Xu Y, Liu Y, Cao X, White JC, Wang Z. Size-dependent photocatalytic inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa and degradation of microcystin by a copper metal organic framework. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132799. [PMID: 37865071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Water eutrophication has led to increasingly serious algal blooms (HABs) that pose significant threats to aquatic environmental and human health. Differently sized copper metal organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs), including Cu-MOF-1 (30 nm), Cu-MOF-2, (40 nm), Cu-MOF-3 (50 nm), and Cu-MOF-4 (1 µm×100 nm), were synthesized. Their performance in inactivating Microcystis aeruginosa and degrading microcystin was assessed at the concentration of 0-60 mg/L under visible light irradiation for 6 h. The photocatalytic antialgal activity of Cu-MOF-4 was 10.5%, 14.2%, and 31.2% higher than that of Cu-MOF-3, Cu-MOF-2, and Cu-MOF-1; the efficacy in photocatalytic degradation of microcystin induced by Cu-MOFs also exhibited significant size-dependent efficiency, where Cu-MOF-4 was 2.6-, 1.8-, and 2.0-fold of Cu-MOF-3, Cu-MOF-2, and Cu-MOF-1, respectively. Cu-MOF-4 had greater performance than other Cu-MOFs could attributed to: 1) Cu-MOF-4 is easier to interact with algal cells due to its lower surface negative charge and higher hydrophobicity, resulting in more photocatalyst-algae heteroaggregates formation; 2) Cu-MOF-4 had greater electron-hole pairs separation ability, thus exhibiting higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; 3) Cu-MOF-4 had greater hydrostability than other Cu-MOFs, leading to more sustained ROS generation. Additionally, the reusability of Cu-MOF-4 was also greater than other Cu-MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengna Tao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lanqing Xu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuao Xu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yinglin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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Kadota K, Chen T, Gormley EL, Hendon CH, Dincă M, Brozek CK. Electrically conductive [Fe 4S 4]-based organometallic polymers. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11410-11416. [PMID: 37886097 PMCID: PMC10599474 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02195e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tailoring the molecular components of hybrid organic-inorganic materials enables precise control over their electronic properties. Designing electrically conductive coordination materials, e.g. metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), has relied on single-metal nodes because the metal-oxo clusters present in the vast majority of MOFs are not suitable for electrical conduction due to their localized electron orbitals. Therefore, the development of metal-cluster nodes with delocalized bonding would greatly expand the structural and electrochemical tunability of conductive materials. Whereas the cuboidal [Fe4S4] cluster is a ubiquitous cofactor for electron transport in biological systems, few electrically conductive artificial materials employ the [Fe4S4] cluster as a building unit due to the lack of suitable bridging linkers. In this work, we bridge the [Fe4S4] clusters with ditopic N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) linkers through charge-delocalized Fe-C bonds that enhance electronic communication between the clusters. [Fe4S4Cl2(ditopic NHC)] exhibits a high electrical conductivity of 1 mS cm-1 at 25 °C, surpassing the conductivity of related but less covalent materials. These results highlight that synthetic control over individual bonds is critical to the design of long-range behavior in semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kadota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Tianyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Eoghan L Gormley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Christopher H Hendon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Mircea Dincă
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Carl K Brozek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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