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Quan J, Lin H, Li H. Zn Doping Strategy to Suppress the Jahn-Teller Effect to Stabilize Mn-Based Layered Oxide Cathode toward High-Performance Potassium Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2403065. [PMID: 38845029 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
In the research report of cathode of potassium ion battery, Mn-based layered structural oxides have attracted the researcher's attention because of its good energy density and high specific rate capacity. However, the Jahn-Teller effect is the main limiting factor for their development. It leads to the expansion and deactivation of Mn-based layered metal oxides during cycling for a long time. Therefore, mitigation of the Jahn-Teller effect is considered a useful measure to enhance the electrochemical capability of Mn-based layered oxide. In this paper, an R3m-type K0.4Mn0.7Co0.25Zn0.05O2 cathode material is designed through a Zn doping strategy. X-ray diffraction techniques and electrochemical tests verified that the Jahn-Teller effect is effectively mitigated. High performance is achieved in the rate capacity test with 113 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1. Comparison with similar materials in recent years has demonstrated its superiority, leading rate performance among Mn-based metal oxides reported in recent years. The practical feasibility is verified in the assembled full cell with soft carbon in anode materials and K0.4Mn0.7Co0.25Zn0.05O2 as cathode. In the full cell rate test, 104.8 mAh g-1 discharging capacity is achieved at 50 mA g-1 current density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Quan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Haoxiang Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
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2
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Banerjee AN, Joo SW. 'Beyond Li-ion technology'-a status review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:472001. [PMID: 39079542 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad690b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Li-ion battery is currently considered to be the most proven technology for energy storage systems when it comes to the overall combination of energy, power, cyclability and cost. However, there are continuous expectations for cost reduction in large-scale applications, especially in electric vehicles and grids, alongside growing concerns over safety, availability of natural resources for lithium, and environmental remediation. Therefore, industry and academia have consequently shifted their focus towards 'beyond Li-ion technologies'. In this respect, other non-Li-based alkali-ion/polyvalent-ion batteries, non-Li-based all solid-state batteries, fluoride-ion/ammonium-ion batteries, redox-flow batteries, sand batteries and hydrogen fuel cells etc. are becoming potential cost-effective alternatives. While there has been notable swift advancement across various materials, chemistries, architectures, and applications in this field, a comprehensive overview encompassing high-energy 'beyond Li-ion' technologies, along with considerations of commercial viability, is currently lacking. Therefore, in this review article, a rationalized approach is adopted to identify notable 'post-Li' candidates. Their pros and cons are comprehensively presented by discussing the fundamental principles in terms of material characteristics, relevant chemistries, and architectural developments that make a good high-energy 'beyond Li' storage system. Furthermore, a concise summary outlining the primary challenges of each system is provided, alongside the potential strategies being implemented to mitigate these issues. Additionally, the extent to which these strategies have positively influenced the performance of these 'post-Li' technologies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Narayan Banerjee
- School of Mechanical and IT Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical and IT Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zhang D, Fu H, Ma X, Yu X, Li F, Zhou J, Lu B. Nonflammable Phosphate-Based Electrolyte for Safe and Stable Potassium Batteries Enabled by Optimized Solvation Effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405153. [PMID: 38709123 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Current potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are limited in safety and lifetime owing to the lack of suitable electrolyte solutions. To address these issues, herein, we report an innovative non-flammable electrolyte design strategy that leverages an optimal moderate solvation phosphate-based solvent which strikes a balance between solvation capability and salt dissociation ability, leading to superior electrochemical performance. The formulated electrolyte simultaneously exhibits the advantages of low salt concentration (only 0.6 M), low viscosity, high ionic conductivity, high oxidative stability, and safety. Our electrolyte also promotes the formation of self-limiting inorganic-rich interphases at the anode surface, alongside robust cathode-electrolyte interphase on iron-based Prussian blue analogues, mitigating electrode/electrolyte side reactions and preventing Fe dissolution. Notably, the PIBs employing our electrolyte exhibit exceptional durability, with 80 % capacity retention after 2,000 cycles at high-voltage of 4.2 V in a coin cell. Impressively, in a larger scale pouch cell, it maintains over 81 % of its initial capacity after 1,400 cycles at 1 C-rate with high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.6 %. This work represents a significant advancement toward the realization of safe, sustainable, and high-performance PIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianwei Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Fu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xinzhi Yu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation, Hunan University, Guangzhou, 511300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fuxiang Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Bingan Lu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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4
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Xu Y, Du Y, Chen H, Chen J, Ding T, Sun D, Kim DH, Lin Z, Zhou X. Recent advances in rational design for high-performance potassium-ion batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:7202-7298. [PMID: 38855863 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00601h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The growing global energy demand necessitates the development of renewable energy solutions to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. To efficiently utilize renewable yet intermittent energy sources such as solar and wind power, there is a critical need for large-scale energy storage systems (EES) with high electrochemical performance. While lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been successfully used for EES, the surging demand and price, coupled with limited supply of crucial metals like lithium and cobalt, raised concerns about future sustainability. In this context, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged as promising alternatives to commercial LIBs. Leveraging the low cost of potassium resources, abundant natural reserves, and the similar chemical properties of lithium and potassium, PIBs exhibit excellent potassium ion transport kinetics in electrolytes. This review starts from the fundamental principles and structural regulation of PIBs, offering a comprehensive overview of their current research status. It covers cathode materials, anode materials, electrolytes, binders, and separators, combining insights from full battery performance, degradation mechanisms, in situ/ex situ characterization, and theoretical calculations. We anticipate that this review will inspire greater interest in the development of high-efficiency PIBs and pave the way for their future commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yichen Du
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Tangjing Ding
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dongmei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Xiaosi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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5
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Wu L, Fu H, Lyu W, Cha L, Rao AM, Guo K, Zhou J, Wen S, Lu B. Rational Regulation of High-Voltage Stability in Potassium Layered Oxide Cathodes. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13415-13427. [PMID: 38727526 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Layered oxide cathode materials may undergo irreversible oxygen loss and severe phase transitions during high voltage cycling and may be susceptible to transition metal dissolution, adversely affecting their electrochemical performance. Here, to address these challenges, we propose synergistic doping of nonmetallic elements and in situ electrochemical diffusion as potential solution strategies. Among them, the distribution of the nonmetallic element fluorine within the material can be regulated by doping boron, thereby suppressing manganese dissolution through surface enrichment of fluorine. Furthermore, in situ electrochemical diffusion of fluorine from the surface into the bulk of the materials after charging reduces the energy barrier of potassium ion diffusion while effectively inhibiting irreversible oxygen loss under high voltage. The modified K0.5Mn0.83Mg0.1Ti0.05B0.02F0.1O1.9 layered oxide cathode exhibits a high capacity of 147 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1 and a long cycle life of 2200 cycles at 500 mA g-1. This work demonstrates the efficacy of synergistic doping and in situ electrochemical diffusion of nonmetallic elements and provides valuable insights for optimizing rechargeable battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Wu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hongwei Fu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wang Lyu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Limei Cha
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- MATEC Key Lab, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Apparao M Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Kunkun Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shuangchun Wen
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bingan Lu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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6
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Lin Y, Luo S, Cong J, Li P, Yuan X, Yan S. Strategies for developing layered oxide cathodes, carbon-based anodes, and electrolytes for potassium ion batteries. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2053-2076. [PMID: 38384236 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh02118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the most popular portable secondary energy storage facilities. However, the limited lithium resource results in possible unsustainable development. Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are considered promising alternatives to LIBs because of their high resource availability, low cost, and environmentally friendly features. In this field, high energy density layered cathodes and carbon-based anodes are also the main research objectives. However, compared to the most appealing alternative sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), despite having various theoretical advantages, PIBs exhibit poorer electrochemical performance in practice. Their poor capacity retention and narrow working voltage range seriously limit their applications. The performance of the electrodes is usually considered an important factor for battery performance, life, and safety. To solve these problems, many significant research studies have been carried out in the last decade, achieving numerous breakthroughs. Nevertheless, there are still many drawbacks and unclear mechanisms. In this comprehensive review, we examine the current state of high-performance layered oxide cathodes, electrolytes, and carbon-based anodes, to identify potential candidates for PIBs. Our focus lies on their structural characteristics, interface properties, underlying mechanisms, and modification techniques. The viewpoints of these advanced strategies are integrated, and concise development suggestions and strategies are subsequently proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Pengwei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Xueqian Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Shengxue Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
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7
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Duan L, Shao C, Liao J, Song L, Zhang Y, Li R, Guo S, Zhou X, Zhou H. A P2/P3 Biphasic Layered Oxide Composite as a High-Energy and Long-Cycle-Life Cathode for Potassium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400868. [PMID: 38440859 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Layered transition metal oxides are extensively considered as appealing cathode candidates for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) due to their abundant raw materials and low cost, but their further implementations are limited by slow dynamics and impoverished structural stability. Herein, a layered composite having a P2 and P3 symbiotic structure is designed and synthesized to realize PIBs with large energy density and long-term cycling stability. The unique intergrowth of P2 and P3 phases in the obtained layered oxide is plainly characterized by X-ray diffraction refinement, high-angle annular dark field and annular bright field-scanning transmission electron microscopy at atomic resolution, and Fourier transformation images. The synergistic effect of the two phases of this layered P2/P3 composite is well demonstrated in K+ intercalation/extraction process. The as-prepared layered composite can present a large discharge capacity with the remarkable energy density of 321 Wh kg-1 and also manifest excellent capacity preservation after 600 cycles of K+ uptake/removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Duan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Caoyang Shao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaying Liao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Song
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingna Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Renke Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaohua Guo
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaosi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoshen Zhou
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
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8
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Dai D, Zhou X, Yan P, Zhang Z, Wang L, Qiao Y, Wu C, Li H, Li W, Jia M, Li B, Liu DH. Interconnected Three-Dimensional Porous Alginate-Based Gel Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2428-2437. [PMID: 38166369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Lithium batteries have been widely used in our daily lives for their high energy density and long-term stability. However, their safety problems are of paramount concern for consumers, which restricts their scale applications. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) compensate for the defects of liquid leakage and lower ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes, which have attracted a lot of attention. Herein, a 3D interconnected highly porous structural gel electrolyte was prepared with alginate dressing as a host material, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and a commercial liquid electrolyte. With rich polar functional groups and (CH2-CH2-O) segments on the polymer matrix, the transportation of Li+ is faster and uniform; thus, the formations of lithium dendrite were significantly inhibited. The cycle stability of symmetrical Li||Li batteries with modified composite electrolytes (SAA) is greatly improved, and the overpotential remains stable after more than 1000 h. Meanwhile, under the same conditions, the cycle performance of batteries with unmodified electrolytes is inferior and overpotentials are nearly 1 V after 100 h. Additionally, the capacity retention of Li||LiFePO4 with SAA is more than 95% after 200 cycles, while those of the others declined sharply. The alginate dressing-based GPEs can greatly enhance the mechanical and thermal stability of PEO-based GPEs, which provides an environmentally friendly avenue for gel electrolytes' applications in lithium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Dai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Pengyao Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yaru Qiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Canhui Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Haowen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Weitao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Mengmin Jia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Bao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Dai-Huo Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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Chu S, Shao C, Tian J, Wang J, Rao Y, Xu C, Zhou H, Guo S. High Entropy-Induced Kinetics Improvement and Phase Transition Suppression in K-Ion Battery Layered Cathodes. ACS NANO 2024; 18:337-346. [PMID: 38113246 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Layered oxides are widely accepted to be promising cathode candidate materials for K-ion batteries (KIBs) in terms of their rich raw materials and low price, while their further applications are restricted by sluggish kinetics and poor structural stability. Here, the high-entropy design concept is introduced into layered KIB cathodes to address the above issues, and an example of high-entropy layered K0.45Mn0.60Ni0.075Fe0.075Co0.075Ti0.10Cu0.05Mg0.025O2 (HE-KMO) is successfully prepared. Benefiting from the high-entropy oxide with multielement doping, the developed HE-KMO exhibits half-metallic oxide features with a narrow bandgap of 0.19 eV. Increased entropy can also reduce the surface energy of the {010} active facets, resulting in about 2.6 times more exposure of the {010} active facets of HE-KMO than the low-entropy K0.45MnO2 (KMO). Both can effectively improve the kinetics in terms of electron conduction and K+ diffusion. Furthermore, high entropy can inhibit space charge ordering during K+ (de)insertion, and the transition metal-oxygen covalent interaction of HE-KMO is also enhanced, leading to suppressed phase transition of HE-KMO in 1.5-4.2 V and better electrochemical stability of HE-KMO (average capacity drop of 0.20%, 200 cycles) than the low-entropy KMO (average capacity drop of 0.41%, 200 cycles) in the wide voltage window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Chu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Lab of Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Caoyang Shao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Lab of Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jiaming Tian
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Lab of Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jingyang Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan Rao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Lab of Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Chengrong Xu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Lab of Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Haoshen Zhou
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaohua Guo
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Lab of Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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10
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Li A, Man Y, Liao J, Duan L, Ji X, Zhou X. KI-Assisted Formation of Spindle-like Prussian White Nanoparticles for High-Performance Potassium-Ion Battery Cathodes. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10066-10073. [PMID: 37846924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Prussian white (PW) is considered as a promising cathode material for potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) due to its low cost and high theoretical capacity. However, the high water content and structural defects and the strict synthesis conditions of PW lead to its unsatisfactory cycling performance and low specific capacity, hindering its practical applications. Herein, a template-engaged reduction method is proposed, using MIL-88B(Fe) as a self-template and KI as the reducing agent to prepare K-rich PW with low defects and water content. Furthermore, the hierarchical porous spindle-like morphology can be inherited from the precursor, furnishing sufficient active sites and reducing the ion diffusion path. Consequently, when applied as a KIB cathode material, spindle-like PW (K1.72Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.96·0.342H2O) manifested remarkable potassium storage properties. Notably, a full cell assembled by the spindle-like PW cathode and graphite anode exhibited a large energy density of ∼216.7 Wh kg-1, demonstrating its huge potential for energy storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuehua Man
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaying Liao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liping Duan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiulei Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Xiaosi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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11
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Gao C, Wang X, Zhu Y, Zhai D, Kang F. Investigating K + Storage Behavior of Highly Graphitized Carbon Fibers as Anodes for a Potassium-Ion Battery. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10028-10033. [PMID: 37851926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Many problems of potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are hidden under a low mass load of the active material. However, developing research based on areal capacity is challenging for PIBs, due to the lack of an anode capable of delivering a stable capacity of more than 1 mAh cm-2. This work investigates the K+ storage behavior of highly graphitized carbon fibers (HG-CF), which exhibit automatic structural adjustments to mitigate voltage polarization. The created defects and residual K+ in the structure favor the reversible insertion/deinsertion of K+. HG-GF after structural adjustment realizes a capacity of 2 mAh (1.13 cm-2) without K deposition and a stable cyclic stability (>500 h). In situ X-ray diffraction and in situ Raman spectra were used to detect defect formation and structural evolution during cycles. This work demonstrates the feasibility of HG-GF as an anode for PIBs and provides a suitable anode for further research of PIBs based on areal capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongwei Gao
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xunan Wang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yixin Zhu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dengyun Zhai
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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12
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Xu Y, Yuan Z, Song L, Ding T, Sun D, Wang L, Zhou X. Ultrathin Cobalt-Based Prussian Blue Analogue Nanosheet-Assembled Nanoboxes Interpenetrated with Carbon Nanotubes as a Fast Electron/Potassium-Ion Conductor for Superior Potassium Storage. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9594-9601. [PMID: 37844201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are regarded as potential substitutes for industrial lithium-ion batteries in large scale energy storage systems due to the world's abundant potassium supplies. Althogh cobalt hexacyanocobaltate (CoHCC) exhibits broad potential as a PIB anode material, its performance is currently unsatisfactory. Herein, novel 5 nm scale ultrathin CoHCC nanosheet-assembled nanoboxes with interspersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs/CoHCC nanoboxes) are fabricated to realize a highly reactive PIB anode. The ultrathin CoHCC layers substantially accelerate electron conduction and provide numerous active sites, while the connected CNTs provide fast axial electron transport. Consequently, the optimized anode exhibits a remarkable discharge capacity of 580.9 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and long-term stability with 71.3% retention over 1000 cycles. In situ and ex situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations are further employed to elucidate the K+ storage process and the reason for the enhanced performance of the CNTs/CoHCC nanoboxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zeyu Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lili Song
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tangjing Ding
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dongmei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaosi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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13
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Zheng Y, Li J, Ji S, Hui KS, Wang S, Xu H, Wang K, Dinh DA, Zha C, Shao Z, Hui KN. Zinc-Doping Strategy on P2-Type Mn-Based Layered Oxide Cathode for High-Performance Potassium-ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302160. [PMID: 37162450 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mn-based layered oxide is extensively investigated as a promising cathode material for potassium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and natural abundance of manganese. However, the Jahn-Teller distortion caused by high-spin Mn3+ (t2g 3 eg 1 ) destabilizes the host structure and reduces the cycling stability. Here, K0.02 Na0.55 Mn0.70 Ni0.25 Zn0.05 O2 (denoted as KNMNO-Z) is reported to inhibit the Jahn-Teller effect and reduce the irreversible phase transition. Through the implementation of a Zn-doping strategy, higher Mn valence is achieved in the KNMNO-Z electrode, resulting in a reduction of Mn3+ amount and subsequently leading to an improvement in cyclic stability. Specifically, after 1000 cycles, a high retention rate of 97% is observed. Density functional theory calculations reveals that low-valence Zn2+ ions substituting the transition metal position of Mn regulated the electronic structure around the MnO bonding, thereby alleviating the anisotropic coupling between oxidized O2- and Mn4+ and improving the structural stability. K0.02 Na0.55 Mn0.70 Ni0.25 Zn0.05 O2 provided an initial discharge capacity of 57 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 and a decay rate of only 0.003% per cycle, indicating that the Zn-doped strategy is effective for developing high-performance Mn-based layered oxide cathode materials in PIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshan Zheng
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Shunping Ji
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Kwan San Hui
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK
| | - Shuo Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Huifang Xu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Kaixi Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Duc Anh Dinh
- VKTech Research Center, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chenyang Zha
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Zongping Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Kwun Nam Hui
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
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Man Y, Jaumaux P, Xu Y, Fei Y, Mo X, Wang G, Zhou X. Research development on electrolytes for magnesium-ion batteries. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:1819-1842. [PMID: 37516661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) are considered strong candidates for next-generation energy-storage systems owing to their high theoretical capacity, divalent nature and the natural abundancy of magnesium (Mg) resources on Earth. However, the development of MIBs has been mainly limited by the incompatibility of Mg anodes with several Mg salts and conventional organic-liquid electrolytes. Therefore, one major challenge faced by MIBs technology lies on developing safe electrolytes, which demonstrate appropriate electrochemical voltage window and compatibility with Mg anode. This review discusses the development of MIBs from the point-of-view of the electrolyte syntheses. A systematic assessment of promising electrolyte design strategies is proposed including liquid and solid-state electrolytes. Liquid-based electrolytes have been largely explored and can be categorized by solvent-type: organic solvent, aqueous solvent, and ionic-liquids. Organic-liquid electrolytes usually present high electrochemical and chemical stability but are rather dangerous, while aqueous electrolytes present high ionic conductivity and eco-friendliness but narrow electrochemical stability window. Some ionic-liquid electrolytes have proved outstanding performance but are fairly expensive. As alternative to liquid electrolytes, solid-state electrolytes are increasingly attractive to increase energy density and safety. However, improving the ionic conductivity of Mg ions in these types of electrolytes is extremely challenging. We believe that this comprehensive review will enable researchers to rapidly grasp the problems faced by electrolytes for MIBs and the electrolyte design strategies proposed to this date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Man
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pauline Jaumaux
- Center for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yating Fei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiangyin Mo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- Center for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Xiaosi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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15
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Liu Z, Yue L, Wang C, Li D, Tang L, Ma R, Li B, Yang T, Liu X, Xu Q, Wang J, Gao M. Free-Standing Carbon Nanofiber Composite Networks Derived from Bacterial Cellulose and Polypyrrole for Ultrastable Potassium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36913555 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon materials derived from bacterial cellulose have been studied in lithium-ion batteries due to their low cost and flexible characteristics. However, they still face many intractable problems such as low specific capacity and poor electrical conductivity. Herein, bacterial cellulose is used as the carrier and skeleton to creatively realize the composite of polypyrrole on its nanofiber surface. After carbonization treatment, three-dimensional carbon network composites with a porous structure and short-range ordered carbon are obtained for potassium-ion batteries. The introduction of nitrogen doping from polypyrrole can increase the electrical conductivity of carbon composites and provide abundant active sites, improving the comprehensive performance of anode materials. The carbonized bacterial cellulose@polypyrrole (C-BC@PPy) anode exhibits a high capacity of 248 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at 50 mA g-1 and a capacity retention of 176 mA h g-1 even over 2000 cycles at 500 mA g-1. Combined with density functional theory calculations, these results indicate that the capacity of C-BC@PPy is contributed by N-doped and defect carbon composite materials as well as pseudocapacitance. This study provides a guideline for the development of novel bacterial cellulose composites in the energy storage field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Lina Yue
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical Safety, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang, Hebei 065201, China
| | - Ceyi Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Deyang Li
- China North Nuclear Fuel Company Limited, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014035, China
| | - Ligang Tang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical Safety, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang, Hebei 065201, China
| | - Ruixin Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical Safety, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang, Hebei 065201, China
| | - Bo Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical Safety, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang, Hebei 065201, China
| | - Tianrui Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical Safety, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang, Hebei 065201, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- New Technology Department, Beijing Electric Vehicle Co., Limited, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical Safety, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang, Hebei 065201, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical Safety, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang, Hebei 065201, China
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16
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You B, Sun J, Jing Y, Yan G, Guo H, Wang Z, Wang D, Peng W, Li Q, Wang J. A Fresh One-Step Spray Pyrolysis Approach to Prepare Nickel-Rich Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36881818 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Ni-rich layered cathode material LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) with high specific capacity and acceptable rate performance is one of the key cathode materials for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Coprecipitation, the widely utilized method in the precursor synthesis of NCM811 materials, however, suffers long synthetic processes and challenges in uniform element distribution. The spray pyrolysis method is able to prepare oxide precursors in seconds where all transition-metal elements are well distributed, but the difficulty of lithium distribution will also arise when the lithium salts are added in the subsequent sintering process. Herein, a fresh one-step spray pyrolysis approach is proposed for preparing high-performance NCM811 cathode materials by synthesizing lithium-contained precursors in which all elements are well distributed at a molecular level. The precursors with folded morphology and exceptional uniformity are successfully obtained at a low pyrolysis temperature of 300 °C by an acetate system. Furthermore, the final products commendably inherit the folded morphology of the precursors and exhibit excellent cyclic retentions of 94.6% and 88.8% after 100 and 200 cycles at 1 C (1 C = 200 mA g-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianzheng You
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jiping Sun
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jing
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Guochun Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-Added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Huajun Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-Added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhixing Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-Added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ding Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Wenjie Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-Added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Qihou Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jiexi Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-Added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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