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Cui J, Du L, Meng Z, Gao J, Tan A, Jin X, Zhu X. Ingenious Structure Engineering to Enhance Piezoelectricity in Poly(vinylidene fluoride) for Biomedical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 39129463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The future development of wearable/implantable sensing and medical devices relies on substrates with excellent flexibility, stability, biocompatibility, and self-powered capabilities. Enhancing the energy efficiency and convenience is crucial, and converting external mechanical energy into electrical energy is a promising strategy for long-term advancement. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), known for its piezoelectricity, is an outstanding representative of an electroactive polymer. Ingeniously designed PVDF-based polymers have been fabricated as piezoelectric devices for various applications. Notably, the piezoelectric performance of PVDF-based platforms is determined by their structural characteristics at different scales. This Review highlights how researchers can strategically engineer structures on microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales. We discuss advanced research on PVDF-based piezoelectric platforms with diverse structural designs in biomedical sensing, disease diagnosis, and treatment. Ultimately, we try to give perspectives for future development trends of PVDF-based piezoelectric platforms in biomedicine, providing valuable insights for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Joint Research and Development Center of Fluorine Materials of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Huayi 3F, 1391 Humin Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Du
- Shanghai Huayi 3F New Materials Co., Ltd., No. 560 Xujiahui Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
- Joint Research and Development Center of Fluorine Materials of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Huayi 3F, 1391 Humin Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiheng Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Anning Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Joint Research and Development Center of Fluorine Materials of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Huayi 3F, 1391 Humin Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Joint Research and Development Center of Fluorine Materials of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Huayi 3F, 1391 Humin Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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Tu Y, Yang Y, Zheng Y, Guo S, Shen J. Polyvinylidene Fluoride Based Piezoelectric Composites with Strong Interfacial Adhesion via Click Chemistry for Self-Powered Flexible Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309758. [PMID: 38326102 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Achieving relatively uniform dispersion in organic-inorganic composites with overwhelming differences in surface energy is a perennial challenge. Herein, novel eliminated polyvinylidene fluoride (EPVDF)/EPVDF functionalized barium titanate nanoparticles (EPVDF@BT) flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) with strong interfacial adhesion are developed via thermal stretching following sequential click chemistry. Thanks to the strong interfacial adhesion, the optimal PENGs containing ultra-high β-phase content (97.2%) exhibit not only optimized mechanical and dielectric behaviors but also excellent piezoelectric properties with high piezoelectric output (V = 10.7 V, I = 216 nA), reliable durability (8000 cycles), ultrafast response time (20 ms), and good sensitivity (2.09 nA kPa-1), far outperforming most reported PVDF-based composites. Furthermore, COMSOL finite element simulations (FEM) confirm that the elevated stress transfer efficiency induced by the strong interfacial adhesion is the main driving force for enhanced piezoelectric performances. For practical applications, self-powered PENGs can simply but stably capture mechanical energy, drive tiny electronic devices, and serve as potential multifunctional and durable sensors for detecting human physiological motions. This work opens a pioneering avenue to break the trade-offs between piezoelectric and other properties, which is of great importance for developing self-powered flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yuliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiabin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Chengdu, 610065, China
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Zhi C, Shi S, Wu H, Si Y, Zhang S, Lei L, Hu J. Emerging Trends of Nanofibrous Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Applications: Mechanisms, Electroactive Materials, and Designed Architectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401264. [PMID: 38545963 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, significant progress in piezo-/triboelectric nanogenerators (PTEGs) has led to the development of cutting-edge wearable technologies. Nanofibers with good designability, controllable morphologies, large specific areas, and unique physicochemical properties provide a promising platform for PTEGs for various advanced applications. However, the further development of nanofiber-based PTEGs is limited by technical difficulties, ranging from materials design to device integration. Herein, the current developments in PTEGs based on electrospun nanofibers are systematically reviewed. This review begins with the mechanisms of PTEGs and the advantages of nanofibers and nanodevices, including high breathability, waterproofness, scalability, and thermal-moisture comfort. In terms of materials and structural design, novel electroactive nanofibers and structure assemblies based on 1D micro/nanostructures, 2D bionic structures, and 3D multilayered structures are discussed. Subsequently, nanofibrous PTEGs in applications such as energy harvesters, personalized medicine, personal protective equipment, and human-machine interactions are summarized. Nanofiber-based PTEGs still face many challenges such as energy efficiency, material durability, device stability, and device integration. Finally, the research gap between research and practical applications of PTEGs is discussed, and emerging trends are proposed, providing some ideas for the development of intelligent wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwei Zhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hanbai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yifan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Leqi Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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Xie S, Yan H, Qi R. A Review of Polymer-Based Environment-Induced Nanogenerators: Power Generation Performance and Polymer Material Manipulations. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:555. [PMID: 38399933 PMCID: PMC10892734 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural environment hosts a considerable amount of accessible energy, comprising mechanical, thermal, and chemical potentials. Environment-induced nanogenerators are nanomaterial-based electronic chips that capture environmental energy and convert it into electricity in an environmentally friendly way. Polymers, characterized by their superior flexibility, lightweight, and ease of processing, are considered viable materials. In this paper, a thorough review and comparison of various polymer-based nanogenerators were provided, focusing on their power generation principles, key materials, power density and stability, and performance modulation methods. The latest developed nanogenerators mainly include triboelectric nanogenerators (TriboENG), piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG), thermoelectric nanogenerators (ThermoENG), osmotic power nanogenerator (OPNG), and moist-electric generators (MENG). Potential practical applications of polymer-based nanogenerator were also summarized. The review found that polymer nanogenerators can harness a variety of energy sources, with the basic power generation mechanism centered on displacement/conduction currents induced by dipole/ion polarization, due to the non-uniform distribution of physical fields within the polymers. The performance enhancement should mainly start from strengthening the ion mobility and positive/negative ion separation in polymer materials. The development of ionic hydrogel and hydrogel matrix composites is promising for future nanogenerators and can also enable multi-energy collaborative power generation. In addition, enhancing the uneven distribution of temperature, concentration, and pressure induced by surrounding environment within polymer materials can also effectively improve output performance. Finally, the challenges faced by polymer-based nanogenerators and directions for future development were prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China (H.Y.)
| | - Huping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China (H.Y.)
| | - Ronghui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China (H.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Chen J, Chen K, Jin J, Wu K, Wang Y, Zhang J, Liu G, Sun J. Outstanding Synergy of Sensitivity and Linear Range Enabled by Multigradient Architectures. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11958-11967. [PMID: 38090798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors are devices that mimic the sensory capabilities of natural human skin and enable robots to perceive external stimuli. One of the main challenges is maintaining high sensitivity over a broad linear pressure range due to poor structural compressibility. Here, we report a flexible pressure sensor with an ultrahigh sensitivity of 153.3 kPa-1 and linear response over an unprecedentedly broad pressure range from 0.0005 to 1300 kPa based on interdigital-shaped, multigradient architectures, featuring modulus, conductivity, and microstructure gradients. Such multigradient architectures and interdigital-shaped configurations enable effective stress transfer and conductivity regulation, evading the pressure sensitivity-linear range trade-off dilemma. Together with high pressure resolution, high frequency response, and good reproducibility over the ultrabroad linear range, proof-of-concept applications such as acoustic wave detection, high-resolution pressure measurement, and healthcare monitoring in diverse scenarios are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaorui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
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Li Y, Chen Y, Fang H, Shi J, Xue Y, Ma R, Zhou J, Yao N, Zhang J, Zhang X. Electron-beam writing of a relaxor ferroelectric polymer for multiplexing information storage and encryption. NANOSCALE 2023; 16:180-187. [PMID: 37999642 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04503j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
To meet the strong demand for high-level encryption security, several efforts have been focused on developing new encryption techniques with high density and data security. Herein we employed a template-free electron beam lithography (EBL) technique to write various nanopatterns on poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)) films and applied it to electron-beam/electric multiplexing memory. Furthermore, electron beams can arbitrarily tailor down the domain structure evolutions and dipole directions, as proved by a combination of AFM-IR and PFM. Finally, our devices could function concurrently as an electron-beam write-only-memory (EB-WOM) and FeRAM, where the information could be encoded with the metastable phase evolutions from the ferroelectric phase to the paraelectric phase and variable bi-level ferroelectric signals. Our systematic study provides an inspiring idea for the design of information encryption devices with high-security requirements in flexible electronic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuang Li
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials and International Research Center for EM Metamaterials, College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Yingxin Chen
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials and International Research Center for EM Metamaterials, College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Huigui Fang
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials and International Research Center for EM Metamaterials, College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jingchao Shi
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials and International Research Center for EM Metamaterials, College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Yichen Xue
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials and International Research Center for EM Metamaterials, College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Rongjie Ma
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials and International Research Center for EM Metamaterials, College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jingtao Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials and International Research Center for EM Metamaterials, College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Ni Yao
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials and International Research Center for EM Metamaterials, College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Magnetic Materials and International Research Center for EM Metamaterials, College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Li B, Cai C, Liu Y, Wang F, Yang B, Li Q, Zhang P, Deng B, Hou P, Liu W. Ultrasensitive mechanical/thermal response of a P(VDF-TrFE) sensor with a tailored network interconnection interface. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4000. [PMID: 37414757 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroelectric polymers have great potential applications in mechanical/thermal sensing, but their sensitivity and detection limit are still not outstanding. We propose interface engineering to improve the charge collection in a ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) copolymer (P(VDF-TrFE)) thin film via cross-linking with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) layer. The as-fabricated P(VDF-TrFE)/PEDOT:PSS composite film exhibits an ultrasensitive and linear mechanical/thermal response, showing sensitivities of 2.2 V kPa-1 in the pressure range of 0.025-100 kPa and 6.4 V K-1 in the temperature change range of 0.05-10 K. A corresponding piezoelectric coefficient of -86 pC N-1 and a pyroelectric coefficient of 95 μC m-2 K-1 are achieved because more charge is collected by the network interconnection interface between PEDOT:PSS and P(VDF-TrFE), related to the increase in the dielectric properties. Our work shines a light on a device-level technique route for boosting the sensitivity of ferroelectric polymer sensors through electrode interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Chuanyang Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Hunan, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Qikai Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Pengxiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Biao Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Pengfei Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Hunan, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
| | - Weishu Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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