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Lin K, Li Y, Ghorbani-Asl M, Sofer Z, Winnerl S, Erbe A, Krasheninnikov AV, Helm M, Zhou S, Dan Y, Prucnal S. Probing the Band Splitting near the Γ Point in the van der Waals Magnetic Semiconductor CrSBr. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6010-6016. [PMID: 38814350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the electronic band structure of chromium sulfur bromide (CrSBr) through comprehensive photoluminescence (PL) characterization. We clearly identify low-temperature optical transitions between two closely adjacent conduction-band states and two different valence-band states. The analysis on the PL data robustly unveils energy splittings, band gaps, and excitonic transitions across different thicknesses of CrSBr, from monolayer to bulk. Temperature-dependent PL measurements elucidate the stability of the band splitting below the Néel temperature, suggesting that magnons coupled with excitons are responsible for the symmetry breaking and brightening of the transitions from the secondary conduction band minimum (CBM2) to the global valence band maximum (VBM1). Collectively, these results not only reveal splitting in both the conduction and valence bands but also highlight a significant advance in our understanding of the interplay between the optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of antiferromagnetic two-dimensional van der Waals crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiman Lin
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 20024 Shanghai, P. R. China
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yi Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Stephan Winnerl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Artur Erbe
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Arkady V Krasheninnikov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yaping Dan
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 20024 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Slawomir Prucnal
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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Ziebel ME, Feuer ML, Cox J, Zhu X, Dean CR, Roy X. CrSBr: An Air-Stable, Two-Dimensional Magnetic Semiconductor. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4319-4329. [PMID: 38567828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of magnetic order at the 2D limit has sparked new exploration of van der Waals magnets for potential use in spintronics, magnonics, and quantum information applications. However, many of these materials feature low magnetic ordering temperatures and poor air stability, limiting their fabrication into practical devices. In this Mini-Review, we present a promising material for fundamental studies and functional use: CrSBr, an air-stable, two-dimensional magnetic semiconductor. Our discussion highlights experimental research on bulk CrSBr, including quasi-1D semiconducting properties, A-type antiferromagnetic order (TN = 132 K), and strong coupling between its electronic and magnetic properties. We then discuss the behavior of monolayer and few-layer flakes and present a perspective on promising avenues for further studies on CrSBr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Ziebel
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Margalit L Feuer
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jordan Cox
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Columbia University, Department of Physics, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
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3
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Iturriaga H, Chen J, Yang J, Martinez LM, Shao L, Liu Y, Petrovic C, Kirk M, Singamaneni SR. Proton-fluence dependent magnetic properties of exfoliable quasi-2D van der Waals Cr 2Si 2Te 6magnet. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:225801. [PMID: 38335549 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad27ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of long-range magnetic ordering in atomically thin materials catapulted the van der Waals (vdW) family of compounds into an unprecedented popularity, leading to potentially important technological applications in magnetic storage and magneto-transport devices, as well as photoelectric sensors. With the potential for the use of vdW materials in space exploration technologies it is critical to understand how the properties of such materials are affected by ionizing proton irradiation. Owing to their robust intra-layer stability and sensitivity to external perturbations, these materials also provide excellent opportunities for studying proton irradiation as a non-destructive tool for controlling their magnetic properties. Specifically, the exfoliable Cr2Si2Te6(CST) is a ferromagnetic semiconductor with the Curie temperature (TC) of ∼32 K. Here, we have investigated the magnetic properties of CST upon proton irradiation as a function of fluence (1 × 1015, 5 × 1015, 1 × 1016, 5 × 1016, and 1 × 1018H+/cm-2) by employing variable-temperature, variable-field magnetization measurements, and detail how the magnetization, magnetic anisotropy vary as a function of proton fluence across the magnetic phase transition. While theTCremains constant as a function of proton fluence, we observed that the saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy diverge at the proton fluence of 5 × 1016H+/cm-2, which is prominent in the ferromagnetic phase, in particular.This work demonstrates that proton irradiation is a feasible method for modifying the magnetic properties and local magnetic interactions of vdWs crystals, which represents a significant step forward in the design of future spintronic and magneto-electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Iturriaga
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States of America
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States of America
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States of America
| | - Luis M Martinez
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States of America
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, United States of America
| | - Yu Liu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Martin Kirk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States of America
- The Center for High Technology Materials, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States of America
- Center for Quantum Information and Control (CQuIC), The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States of America
| | - Srinivasa R Singamaneni
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States of America
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Lin K, Sun X, Dirnberger F, Li Y, Qu J, Wen P, Sofer Z, Söll A, Winnerl S, Helm M, Zhou S, Dan Y, Prucnal S. Strong Exciton-Phonon Coupling as a Fingerprint of Magnetic Ordering in van der Waals Layered CrSBr. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2898-2905. [PMID: 38240736 PMCID: PMC10832030 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The layered, air-stable van der Waals antiferromagnetic compound CrSBr exhibits pronounced coupling among its optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. As an example, exciton dynamics can be significantly influenced by lattice vibrations through exciton-phonon coupling. Using low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate the effective coupling between excitons and phonons in nanometer-thick CrSBr. By careful analysis, we identify that the satellite peaks predominantly arise from the interaction between the exciton and an optical phonon with a frequency of 118 cm-1 (∼14.6 meV) due to the out-of-plane vibration of Br atoms. Power-dependent and temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements support exciton-phonon coupling and indicate a coupling between magnetic and optical properties, suggesting the possibility of carrier localization in the material. The presence of strong coupling between the exciton and the lattice may have important implications for the design of light-matter interactions in magnetic semiconductors and provide insights into the exciton dynamics in CrSBr. This highlights the potential for exploiting exciton-phonon coupling to control the optical properties of layered antiferromagnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiman Lin
- University
of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 20024 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Dirnberger
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence
ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yi Li
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische
Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jiang Qu
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peiting Wen
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische
Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aljoscha Söll
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Stephan Winnerl
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische
Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yaping Dan
- University
of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 20024 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Slawomir Prucnal
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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