1
|
Han X, Liu Q, Wang Y, Niu R, Qu Z, Wang Z, Li Z, Han C, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Song Z, Mao J, Han ZV, Gan Z, Lu J. Chemical Potential Characterization of Symmetry-Breaking Phases in a Rhombohedral Trilayer Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:6875-6882. [PMID: 37466217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Rhombohedral trilayer graphene has recently emerged as a natural flat-band platform for studying interaction-driven symmetry-breaking phases. The displacement field (D) can further flatten the band to enhance the density of states, thereby controlling the electronic correlation that tips the energy balance between spin and valley degrees of freedom. To characterize the energy competition, chemical potential measurement─a direct thermodynamic probe of Fermi surfaces─is highly demanding to be conducted under a constant D. In this work, we characterize D-dependent isospin flavor polarization, where electronic states with isospin degeneracies of one and two can be identified. We also developed a method to measure the chemical potential at a fixed D, allowing for the extraction of energy variation during phase transitions. Furthermore, symmetry breaking could also be invoked in Landau levels, manifesting as quantum Hall ferromagnetism. Our work opens more opportunities for the thermodynamic characterization of displacement-field tuned van der Waals heterostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Han
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qianling Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruirui Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhuoxian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chunrui Han
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Zhida Song
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinhai Mao
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Vitto Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zizhao Gan
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianming Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yin LJ, Shi LJ, Li SY, Zhang Y, Guo ZH, He L. High-Magnetic-Field Tunneling Spectra of ABC-Stacked Trilayer Graphene on Graphite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:146802. [PMID: 31050464 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.146802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ABC-stacked trilayer graphene (TLG) was predicted to exhibit novel many-body phenomena due to the existence of almost dispersionless flat bands near the charge neutrality point. Here, using high-magnetic-field scanning tunneling microscopy, we present Landau Level (LL) spectroscopy measurements of high-quality ABC-stacked TLG on graphite. We observe an approximately linear magnetic-field scaling of valley splitting and spin splitting in the ABC-stacked TLG. Our experiment indicates that the spin splitting decreases dramatically with increasing the LL index. When the lowest LL is partially filled, we find an obvious enhancement of the spin splitting, attributing to strong many-body effects. Moreover, we observe linear energy scaling of the inverse lifetime of quasiparticles, providing an additional evidence for the strong electron-electron interactions in the ABC-stacked TLG. These results imply that interesting broken-symmetry states and novel electron correlated effects could emerge in the ABC-stacked TLG in the presence of high magnetic fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Jing Yin
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Li-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Si-Yu Li
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zi-Han Guo
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lin He
- Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asakawa Y, Masubuchi S, Inoue N, Morikawa S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Machida T. Intersubband Landau Level Couplings Induced by In-Plane Magnetic Fields in Trilayer Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:186802. [PMID: 29219586 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.186802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We observed broken-symmetry quantum Hall effects and level crossings between spin- and valley- resolved Landau levels (LLs) in Bernal stacked trilayer graphene. When the magnetic field was tilted with respect to the sample normal from 0° to 66°, the LL crossings formed at intersections of zeroth and second LLs from monolayer-graphene-like and bilayer-graphene-like subbands, respectively, exhibited a sequence of transitions. The results indicate the LLs from different subbands are coupled by in-plane magnetic fields (B_{∥}), which was explained by developing the tight-binding model Hamiltonian of trilayer graphene under B_{∥}.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Asakawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Satoru Masubuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Naoko Inoue
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Sei Morikawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tomoki Machida
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Datta B, Dey S, Samanta A, Agarwal H, Borah A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Sensarma R, Deshmukh MM. Strong electronic interaction and multiple quantum Hall ferromagnetic phases in trilayer graphene. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14518. [PMID: 28216666 PMCID: PMC5321728 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum Hall effect provides a simple way to study the competition between single particle physics and electronic interaction. However, electronic interaction becomes important only in very clean graphene samples and so far the trilayer graphene experiments are understood within non-interacting electron picture. Here, we report evidence of strong electronic interactions and quantum Hall ferromagnetism seen in Bernal-stacked trilayer graphene. Due to high mobility ∼500,000 cm2 V−1 s−1 in our device compared to previous studies, we find all symmetry broken states and that Landau-level gaps are enhanced by interactions; an aspect explained by our self-consistent Hartree–Fock calculations. Moreover, we observe hysteresis as a function of filling factor and spikes in the longitudinal resistance which, together, signal the formation of quantum Hall ferromagnetic states at low magnetic field. Few-layered graphene offers a powerful platform to investigate electronic interactions beyond the non-interacting electron picture approximation. Here, the authors report the signature of strong electronic interactions and quantum Hall ferromagnetism in trilayer graphene with ABA stacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Datta
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Santanu Dey
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Abhisek Samanta
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Hitesh Agarwal
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Abhinandan Borah
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Rajdeep Sensarma
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Mandar M Deshmukh
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| |
Collapse
|