1
|
Jiang Y, Lei S, Wang M. S-Scheme Boron Phosphide/MoS 2 Heterostructure with Excellent Light Conversion Ability for Solar Cells and Water Splitting Photocatalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30521-30533. [PMID: 38812243 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with a suitable direct band gap and strong optical absorption is very attractive for utilization in solar cells and photocatalytic water splitting. Nevertheless, the broader utilization of MoS2 is impeded by its low carrier mobility and limited responsiveness to infrared light. To overcome these challenges, we constructed a variety of stackings for the boron phosphide (BP)/MoS2 van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH), all of which display S-scheme band alignments except for the AC' stacking. The constituent BP monolayer has superior carrier mobility and strong infrared and visible light response, which makes up for the shortcomings of MoS2. The study revealed that the AB stacking exhibits a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 22.27%, indicating its significant application prospect in solar cells. Additionally, the AB stacking also exhibits a promising application prospect in photocatalytic water splitting due to its suitable band structure, S-scheme band alignment, strong optical adsorption characteristic, high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, and robust built-in electric field. Meanwhile, applying uniaxial tensile strains along the x-axis direction is more beneficial for photocatalytic water splitting. Hence, the AB-stacked BP/MoS2 vdWH shows significant potential for use in both solar cells and photocatalytic water splitting. This work paves the way for exploring the application of S-scheme heterostructures in solar energy conversion systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuncai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangying Lei
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Southeast University, 210096 Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Zhao C, Fu Q, Ye J, Su L, Ge X, Chen L, Song J, Yang H. Neodymium (3+)-Coordinated Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots with Retrievable NIR/X-Ray Optoelectronic Switching Effect for Anti-Glioblastoma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105160. [PMID: 34821027 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom interaction of atomically thin nanomaterials enables the improvement of electronic transfer, band structure, and optical properties. Black phosphorus quantum dots (BP QDs) are considered to be candidate diagnostic and/or therapeutic agents due to their innate biocompatibility and exceptional photochemical effects. However, BP QDs are not competitive regarding second near-infrared (NIR-II) window medical diagnosis and X-ray induced phototherapy. Here, an Nd3+ ion coordinated BP QD (BPNd) is synthesized with the aim to sufficiently improve its performances in NIR-II fluorescence imaging and X-ray induced photodynamic therapy, benefitting from the retrievable NIR/X-ray optoelectronic switching effects between BP QD and Nd3+ ion. Given its ultrasmall size and efficient cargo loading capacity, BPNd can easily cross the blood-brain barrier to precisely monitor the growth of glioblastoma through intracranial NIR-II fluorescence imaging and impede its progression by specific X-ray induced, synergistic photodynamic chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Caiyan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Qinrui Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Lichao Su
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Ge
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu X, Chen L, Wu Y, Zhang X, Chambaud G, Han Y, Meng C. Pd Speciation on Black Phosphorene in CO and C2H4 Atmosphere: A First-principles Investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14284-14293. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01726a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deposited transition metal clusters and nanoparticles are widely used as catalysts and have long been thought stable in reaction conditions. We investigated the electronic structure and stability of freestanding and...
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu Z, Lyu Y, Zhang Y, Ding R, Zheng B, Yang Z, Lau SP, Chen XH, Hao J. Large-scale growth of few-layer two-dimensional black phosphorus. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1203-1209. [PMID: 33972761 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials provide opportunities for developing semiconductor applications at atomistic thickness to break the limits of silicon technology. Black phosphorus (BP), as a layered semiconductor with controllable bandgap and high carrier mobility, is one of the most promising candidates for transistor devices at atomistic thickness1-4. However, the lack of large-scale growth greatly hinders its development in devices. Here, we report the growth of ultrathin BP on the centimetre scale through pulsed laser deposition. The unique plasma-activated region induced by laser ablation provides highly desirable conditions for BP cluster formation and transportation5,6, facilitating growth. Furthermore, we fabricated large-scale field-effect transistor arrays on BP films, yielding appealing hole mobility of up to 213 and 617 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 295 and 250 K, respectively. Our results pave the way for further developing BP-based wafer-scale devices with potential applications in the information industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehan Wu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Lyu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Ding
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Beining Zheng
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Ping Lau
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Hui Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xia M, Liu H, Wang L, Li S, Gao J, Su Y, Zhao J. Robust charge spatial separation and linearly tunable band gap of low-energy tube-edge phosphorene nanoribbon. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4416-4423. [PMID: 36133464 PMCID: PMC9417856 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00332a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Versatile applications have been proposed for phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs), whose properties depend strongly on the edge structures. Recently, a unique tube-reconstruction at the zigzag edge (ZZ[Tube]) of PNRs was discovered to be the lowest configuration. Therefore, studies on PNRs should be reconsidered. In this paper, we systemically explore the width and strain effects on zigzag PNRs with different edge structures, including ZZ[Tube], ZZ and ZZ[ad] edges. ZZ PNRs always have small band gaps which are nearly independent of both width and strain. A remarkable band gap exists in ZZ[ad] PNRs which increases with a decrease in the ribbon width but is not sensitive to strain. In contrast, the band gaps of ZZ[Tube] PNRs change from 1.08 to 0.70 eV as the width increases from 12 to 65 Å. In addition, the band gaps of ZZ[Tube] PNRs show a linear response under a certain range of strain. In addition, the carrier effective masses (0.50 m 0 for electrons and 0.94 m 0 for holes) of ZZ[Tube] PNRs are much lower than for ZZ[ad], and the VBM and CBM charges are robustly spatially separated even under strains ranging from -5% to 5%. Their ease of formation, lowest energy, light effective mass, linear band gap response to strain and robust charge spatial separation provide ZZ[Tube] PNRs with potentially excellent performance in microelectronic and opto-electric applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Material Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education Dalian 116024 China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education Dalian 116024 China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - ShiQi Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education Dalian 116024 China
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Material Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Material Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Material Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education Dalian 116024 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian XQ, Duan JY, Kiani M, Wei YD, Feng N, Gong ZR, Wang XR, Du Y, Yakobson BI. Hexagonal layered group IV-VI semiconductors and derivatives: fresh blood of the 2D family. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13450-13459. [PMID: 32614000 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
New phases of group IV-VI semiconductors in 2D hexagonal structures are predicted and their unusual physical properties are revealed. The structures of monolayer group IV-VI semiconductors are similar to those of blue phosphorene and each unit has the same ten valence electrons. The band gap of 2D hexagonal group IV-VI semiconductors depends on both the thickness and stacking order. Atomic functionalization can induce ferromagnetism, and the Curie temperature can be tuned. Gapped Dirac fermions with zero mass are developed and this makes it exceed that of graphene. The Fermi velocity can be compared to or even above that of graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Tian
- College of Physics and Optical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shukla V, Grigoriev A, Ahuja R. Rectifying behavior in twisted bilayer black phosphorus nanojunctions mediated through intrinsic anisotropy. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1493-1501. [PMID: 36132325 PMCID: PMC9417279 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00320g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We explore the possibility of using van der Waals bonded heterostructures of stacked together 2D bilayer black phosphorus (BP) for nanoscale device applications. The electronic properties of BP in AA stacking and 90° twisted are studied with density functional theory. Furthermore, we study the homogeneous nanojunction architecture of BP to use its anisotropic properties. Using the first principles simulations along with the NEGF approach, we calculate the quantum transport properties of the nanojunction setup. The interlayer direction dependent current characteristics are explained in different setups. Our result revealed that the 90° twisted nanojunction device would be a potential rectifier despite having no p-n junction characteristics only due to the intrinsic anisotropy of the material, making tunneling between armchair- and zigzag-directional BP sheets asymmetric.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivekanand Shukla
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University Box 516 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Anton Grigoriev
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University Box 516 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Rajeev Ahuja
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University Box 516 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
- Applied Materials Physics, Department of Materials and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) SE-10044 Stockholm Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pan D, Liu C, Liu GB, Feng S, Yao Y. Physical Fingerprints of the 2O-tαP Phase in Phosphorene Stacking. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3190-3196. [PMID: 31144818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 2O-tαP phase is a bilayer phosphorene stacking twisted by ∼70.5° standing out from all the potential candidates predicted by our previous work. Here, by linear response theory, we directly verified that the 2O-tαP phase preserves the intrinsic features of phonon spectrum of the existing AB phase, reflecting a stable thermodynamic behavior. Then we provided three distinct fingerprints to help finding this new phase: upon comparison to the existing shifting bilayer phosphorene, the in-plane elastic constants showed a much weaker anisotropic response, providing a characteristic mechanical criterion; the calculated Raman spectrum revealed for the low frequency rang the layer-breathing mode and the out-of-plane twisted mode, L-A1 and L-A2, both of which together stabilize the twisted structure; in particular, the simulated scanning tunneling microscope image presented recognizable cross stripes, which should withstand an examination of exfoliated bilayer and few-layer black phosphorus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douxing Pan
- Bio-inspired Robotics and Intelligent Material Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changzhou 213164 , China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 , China
| | - Changsong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 , China
| | - Gui-Bin Liu
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Material Design and Application, School of Physics , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Song Feng
- Bio-inspired Robotics and Intelligent Material Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changzhou 213164 , China
| | - Yugui Yao
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Material Design and Application, School of Physics , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang K, Wang H, Zhang M, Zhao W, Liu Y, Qin H. The Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Multi-Atom Doped Black Phosphorene. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020311. [PMID: 30823569 PMCID: PMC6410256 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, substitutional doping is proved to be an effective route to induce magnetism to black phosphorene for its application in spintronics. Herein, we investigate the thermodynamic stability, electronic and magnetic properties of doped black phosphorene with multi Al or Cl atoms using first-principles calculations. We find these doped phosphorenes are thermodynamically stable at 0 K and the stability first improves and then deteriorates with the number of dopant atom increasing. Corresponding to the variety of stability, the amount of electrons transferred between impurity and neighboring phosphorus atoms also first increase and then reduce. However, the band gap of Al-doped phosphorene reduces monotonically from 0.44 eV to 0.13 eV while that of Cl-doped phosphorene first decreases from 0.10 eV to 0 and then becomes flat, which is a result of the impurity levels emerging and splitting. Besides, in doped phosphorenes with an even number of impurity atoms, the antiferromagnetic order is favored by energy. Through computing the magnetic moment and spin distribution, we further confirm the antiferromagnetic order existing only in the doped phosphorenes with two and four Cl atoms. These results may provide some help for future applications of black phosphorene in spintronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Xidian University, No. 2, Taibai South Road, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Hai Wang
- Xidian University, No. 2, Taibai South Road, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Xidian University, No. 2, Taibai South Road, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Xidian University, No. 2, Taibai South Road, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Xidian University, No. 2, Taibai South Road, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Hongbo Qin
- Xidian University, No. 2, Taibai South Road, Xi'an 710071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Niu X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zhou Q, Zhao J, Wang J. Photo-oxidative Degradation and Protection Mechanism of Black Phosphorus: Insights from Ultrafast Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5034-5039. [PMID: 30085686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The environmental instability and protection of black phosphorus (BP) is one of the most attractive hotspots in two-dimensional materials. The generation of superoxide is believed to be the key culprit, while the photogenerated electron dynamics is yet to be known. In this work, we carry out time domain ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics to understand the photogenerated electron dynamics at the molecule/BP interface. It is found that oxygen can trap the photogenerated electrons of BP rapidly owing to strong electron-phonon (e-p) coupling and becomes an active superoxide under light illumination. A good protection layer, such as perylene diimide (PDI), has comparable capabilities of trapping photogenerated electrons to oxygen, which can efficiently prevent the formation of superoxide and thus suppress the degradation of BP. Moreover, PDI can enhance the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs of BP by prolonging the time of holding photogenerated electrons of BP. In contrast, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano- p-quinodimethane (TCNQ) has weak e-p coupling and a large band edge offset between trapping and donor states and thereby poor trapping ability for photogenerated electrons, leading to poor protection efficiency. This study provides the first in-depth understanding of the BP degradation and protection mechanism from excited-state dynamics and can be applicable to other 2D photo-oxidative degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Niu
- School of Physics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
- School of Science , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Nanjing 210046 , China
| | - Yunhai Li
- School of Physics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Yehui Zhang
- School of Physics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Physics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Qionghua Zhou
- School of Physics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Jin Zhao
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School of Physics , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang J, Xie W, Agiorgousis ML, Choe DH, Meunier V, Xu X, Zhao J, Zhang S. Quantum oscillation in carrier transport in two-dimensional junctions. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7912-7917. [PMID: 29666851 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01359d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) junction devices have recently attracted considerable attention. Here, we show that most 2D junction structures, whether vertical or lateral, act as a lateral monolayer-bilayer-monolayer junction in their operation. In particular, a vertical structure cannot function as a vertical junction as having been widely believed in the literature. Due to a larger electrostatic screening, the bilayer region in the junction always has a smaller bandgap than its monolayer counterpart. As a result, a potential well, aside from the usual potential barrier, will form universally in the bilayer region to affect the hole or electron quantum transport in the form of transmission or reflection. Taking black phosphorus as an example, our calculations using a non-equilibrium Green function combined with density functional theory show a distinct oscillation in the transmission coefficient in a two-electrode prototypical device, and the results can be qualitatively understood using a simple quantum well model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- Research Institute of Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University & Collaborative Innovation Center for Shanxi Advanced Permanent Magnetic Materials and Technology, Linfen 041004, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lei S, Yu ZY, Shen HY, Sun XL, Wan N, Yu H. CO Adsorption on Metal-Decorated Phosphorene. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:3957-3965. [PMID: 31458633 PMCID: PMC6641591 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using first principle calculations, we have investigated the adsorption of CO gas on various metal-decorated phosphorene. Almost all of the metals were considered to decorate phosphorene. By comparing binding energy (E b) and cohesive energy (E c), only 10 metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pd, and La) can stably decorate phosphorene and avoid clustering. CO adsorptions on these metal-decorated systems were calculated, and the mechanism of interaction between CO and metal atoms was analyzed in detail. E a shows a significant improvement after metal decoration, excerpt for Rb and Cs. The results imply that Li-, Na-, K-, Ca-, Sr-, Ba-, and La-decorated phosphorene could be used as CO elimination or reversible CO storage.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wei Y, Lu F, Zhou T, Luo X, Zhao Y. Stacking sequences of black phosphorous allotropes and the corresponding few-layer phosphorenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:10185-10192. [PMID: 29594304 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00629f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Possible bulk black phosphorus (BP) allotropes are constructed based on single-layer BP with various stacking sequences. Our stacking algorithm shows that there are eight possible allotropes with two stacking layers in their unit cells possessing relatively high symmetries, and six of them are retained after structural relaxation using a van der Waals correction of optB88-vdW. The AF, AG, and AH bulk structures are presented for the first time. The structural relationship of these configurations has been explained via an interlayer slipping process. The total energy of the AF allotrope is closest to the most stable bulk BP structure (AB stacking) among all explored 2-layer stacked bulk structures. The calculated band structure of the AF allotrope using HSE06 shows a direct band gap of 0.48 eV with anisotropic electronic structures. We also presented six possible BP allotropes with three stacking layers in their unit cells. The newly reported AAF and ABC stacked structures show semiconducting and metallic features, respectively. After the bulk structures were explored, we further built the corresponding few-layer phosphorene structures and investigated their electronic properties. The results show that all the few-layer phosphorenes show semiconducting features. The AE, AAE, and AEA phosphorenes have indirect band gaps while the other explored phosphorenes possess direct band gaps located at the Γ point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Department of Electronics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Q, Zhou Q, Niu X, Zhao Y, Chen Q, Wang J. Covalent Functionalization of Black Phosphorus from First-Principles. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4540-4546. [PMID: 27794604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The chemical functionalization is proven to be an effective and controllable approach to modify the properties of black phosphorus (BP), and improve the air-stability of BP and its nanoelectronic applications [Nat. Chem., 2016, 8, 597]. However, covalent functionalization of BP and related properties are poorly understood. Here we present a theoretical investigation on the electronic structure and transport property of chemically modified BP. Our calculations reveal that the molecule modification generates a rather flat energy band within the bandgap, which leads to a reduced hole mobility of BP. Alternatively, we propose to use polymers bonded to BP surface, aiming at a balance between functionality and carrier mobility. The polymer-BP composites preserve both electron and hole mobility of pristine BP. Meanwhile, the stability of polymer-BP composites in ambient condition is enhanced as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qionghua Zhou
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xianghong Niu
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yinghe Zhao
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu F, Wang J, Guo H. Impact of edge states on device performance of phosphorene heterojunction tunneling field effect transistors. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18180-18186. [PMID: 27747341 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05734a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) tunneling field effect transistors (TFETs) using heterojunctions (Hes) are investigated by atomistic quantum transport simulations. It is observed that edge states have a great impact on the transport characteristics of BP He-TFETs, which results in the potential pinning effect and deterioration of gate control. However, the on-state current can be effectively enhanced by using hydrogen to saturate the edge dangling bonds in BP He-TFETs, by which means edge states are quenched. By extending layered BP with a smaller band gap to the channel region and modulating the BP thickness, the device performance of BP He-TFETs can be further optimized and can fulfil the requirements of the international technology road-map for semiconductors (ITRS) 2013 for low power applications. In 15 nm 3L-1L and 4L-1L BP He-TFETs along the armchair direction the on-state currents are over two times larger than the current required by ITRS 2013 and can reach above 103 μA μm-1 with the fixed off-state current of 10 pA μm-1. It is also found that the ambipolar effect can be effectively suppressed in BP He-TFETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. and Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2T8, Canada and School of Physics & Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu F, Ma H, Lei S, Sun J, Chen J, Ge B, Zhu Y, Sun L. In situ TEM visualization of superior nanomechanical flexibility of shear-exfoliated phosphorene. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13603-13610. [PMID: 27362430 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02487d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently discovered atomically thin black phosphorus (called phosphorene) holds great promise for applications in flexible nanoelectronic devices. Experimentally identifying and characterizing nanomechanical properties of phosphorene are challenging, but also potentially rewarding. This work combines for the first time in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging and an in situ micro-manipulation system to directly visualize the nanomechanical behaviour of individual phosphorene nanoflakes. We demonstrate that the phosphorene nanoflakes can be easily bent, scrolled, and stretched, showing remarkable mechanical flexibility rather than fracturing. An out-of-plane plate-like bending mechanism and in-plane tensile strain of up to 34% were observed. Moreover, a facile liquid-phase shear exfoliation route has been developed to produce such mono-layer and few-layer phosphorene nanoflakes in organic solvents using only a household kitchen blender. The effects of surface tensions of the applied solvents on the ratio of average length and thickness (L/T) of the nanoflakes were studied systematically. The results reported here will pave the way for potential industrial-scale applications of flexible phosphorene nanoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. and Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Research Center for Internet of Things, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Shuangying Lei
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jun Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Litao Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. and Center for Advanced Materials and Manufacture, Joint Research Institute of Southeast University and Monash University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|