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Berends D, Schwager P, Gehrke K, Vehse M, Agert C. Analysis of the Inhomogeneous Growth of Sputtered Black TiO 2 Thin Films. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:15251-15258. [PMID: 38585060 PMCID: PMC10993395 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Black titanium dioxide (B-TiO2) is a highly active photoelectrochemical material compared to pure titanium dioxide due to its increased light absorption properties. Recently, we presented the deposition of thin-film B-TiO2 using an asymmetric bipolar reactive magnetron sputter process. The resulting samples exhibit excellent photoelectrochemical properties, which can be fine-tuned by varying the process parameters. In this article, results of morphological, electrical, and photoelectrochemical measurements are discussed to better understand the surprisingly high electrochemical activity of the films. In order to study the influence of the dynamic process on film formation, we use static sputtering with a fixed substrate covering the entire chamber area in front of the two targets. This allows the material composition of the sputtered film to be analyzed depending on its relative position to the targets. The results lead to the conclusion that the asymmetric bipolar sputtering mainly produces two phases, a transparent, nonconductive crystalline phase and a black, conductive amorphous phase. As a consequence, the dynamically sputtered samples are multilayers of these two materials. We discuss that the significantly better electrical and photoelectrochemical properties emerge from the inhomogeneous nature of the laminates, like also found in core-shell nanoparticles of B-TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Berends
- DLR Institute of Networked
Energy Systems, Urban and Residential Technologies, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Schwager
- DLR Institute of Networked
Energy Systems, Urban and Residential Technologies, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kai Gehrke
- DLR Institute of Networked
Energy Systems, Urban and Residential Technologies, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Vehse
- DLR Institute of Networked
Energy Systems, Urban and Residential Technologies, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Agert
- DLR Institute of Networked
Energy Systems, Urban and Residential Technologies, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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2
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Feng L, Wang F, Luo H, Xu Z, Zhao T, Zhu J, Qin Y. Thermal vacuum de-oxygen fabrication of new catalytic pigments: SiO 2@TiO 2-x amorphous photonic crystals for formaldehyde removal. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1533-1544. [PMID: 36689209 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02209e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Eliminating benzene and formaldehyde pollution is indispensable after the popularity of colorful home decoration in current society. The possibility and advantages of vividly colorful amorphous photonic crystals (APCs) as catalytic pigments were established. Biomimetic synthesis of APCs is an effective approach to obtaining angle-independent structural colors. Herein, we introduce oxygen vacancies through thermal vacuum de-oxygenation to synthesize SiO2@TiO2-x APCs for angle-independent structural colors and enhanced photocatalytic performance in one step. Core-shell nanospheres with controllable particle size were synthesized using a mixed-solvent method as the structural unit of APCs to prepare seven structural colors: red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and purple. The photocatalytic activity of in situ fabricated SiO2@TiO2-x APCs was conspicuously enhanced by thermal vacuum deoxidation. An amorphous layer formed on the TiO2 nanocrystals provides TiO2-x with excellent spectral response to visible light, transient photocurrent, and surface photovoltage up to 38.44 μA cm-2 and 28.8 mV, respectively. Black TiO2-x absorbs incoherent scattering, causing APCs to generate vividly angle-independent structural colors. The existence of oxygen vacancies in TiO2-x promotes electron activation and a synergistic effect with the photonic local effect of APCs in improving the degradation of formaldehyde by catalytic pigments, effectively protecting the beautiful living environment of human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Fen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Hongjie Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Yi Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xian, Shaanxi 710021, China.
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3
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Surface-redox sodium-ion storage in anatase titanium oxide. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7. [PMID: 36596801 PMCID: PMC9810695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-ion storage technologies are promising candidates for large-scale grid systems due to the abundance and low cost of sodium. However, compared to well-understood lithium-ion storage mechanisms, sodium-ion storage remains relatively unexplored. Herein, we systematically determine the sodium-ion storage properties of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2(A)). During the initial sodiation process, a thin surface layer (~3 to 5 nm) of crystalline TiO2(A) becomes amorphous but still undergoes Ti4+/Ti3+ redox reactions. A model explaining the role of the amorphous layer and the dependence of the specific capacity on the size of TiO2(A) nanoparticles is proposed. Amorphous nanoparticles of ~10 nm seem to be optimum in terms of achieving high specific capacity, on the order of 200 mAh g-1, at high charge/discharge rates. Kinetic studies of TiO2(A) nanoparticles indicate that sodium-ion storage is due to a surface-redox mechanism that is not dependent on nanoparticle size in contrast to the lithiation of TiO2(A) which is a diffusion-limited intercalation process. The surface-redox properties of TiO2(A) result in excellent rate capability, cycling stability and low overpotentials. Moreover, tailoring the surface-redox mechanism enables thick electrodes of TiO2(A) to retain high rate properties, and represents a promising direction for high-power sodium-ion storage.
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Kumar P, Al-Attas TA, Hu J, Kibria MG. Single Atom Catalysts for Selective Methane Oxidation to Oxygenates. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8557-8618. [PMID: 35638813 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Direct conversion of methane (CH4) to C1-2 liquid oxygenates is a captivating approach to lock carbons in transportable value-added chemicals, while reducing global warming. Existing approaches utilizing the transformation of CH4 to liquid fuel via tandemized steam methane reforming and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are energy and capital intensive. Chemocatalytic partial oxidation of methane remains challenging due to the negligible electron affinity, poor C-H bond polarizability, and high activation energy barrier. Transition-metal and stoichiometric catalysts utilizing harsh oxidants and reaction conditions perform poorly with randomized product distribution. Paradoxically, the catalysts which are active enough to break C-H also promote overoxidation, resulting in CO2 generation and reduced carbon balance. Developing catalysts which can break C-H bonds of methane to selectively make useful chemicals at mild conditions is vital to commercialization. Single atom catalysts (SACs) with specifically coordinated metal centers on active support have displayed intrigued reactivity and selectivity for methane oxidation. SACs can significantly reduce the activation energy due to induced electrostatic polarization of the C-H bond to facilitate the accelerated reaction rate at the low reaction temperature. The distinct metal-support interaction can stabilize the intermediate and prevent the overoxidation of the reaction products. The present review accounts for recent progress in the field of SACs for the selective oxidation of CH4 to C1-2 oxygenates. The chemical nature of catalytic sites, effects of metal-support interaction, and stabilization of intermediate species on catalysts to minimize overoxidation are thoroughly discussed with a forward-looking perspective to improve the catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Tareq A Al-Attas
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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5
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Jin B, Ye X, Zhong H, Jin F, Hu YH. Enhanced photocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation with wide-spectrum utilization over black TiO2 supported catalyst. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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He W, Wu S, Zhang Z, Yang Q. Vacancy-rich graphene supported electrocatalysts synthesized by radio-frequency plasma for oxygen evolution reaction. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00364c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt compounds supported on reduced graphene oxides using radio frequency plasma method. The plasma creates vacancy defects on the cobalt compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai He
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shilin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhaotian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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7
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Feng G, Hu M, Yuan S, Nan J, Zeng H. Hydrogenated Amorphous TiO 2-x and Its High Visible Light Photoactivity. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112801. [PMID: 34835567 PMCID: PMC8625909 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogenated crystalline TiO2 with oxygen vacancy (OV) defect has been broadly investigated in recent years. Different from crystalline TiO2, hydrogenated amorphous TiO2−x for advanced photocatalytic applications is scarcely reported. In this work, we prepared hydrogenated amorphous TiO2−x (HA-TiO2−x) using a unique liquid plasma hydrogenation strategy, and demonstrated its highly visible-light photoactivity. Density functional theory combined with comprehensive analyses was to gain fundamental understanding of the correlation among the OV concentration, electronic band structure, photon capturing, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and photocatalytic activity. One important finding was that the narrower the bandgap HA-TiO2−x possessed, the higher photocatalytic efficiency it exhibited. Given the narrow bandgap and extraordinary visible-light absorption, HA-TiO2−x showed excellent visible-light photodegradation in rhodamine B (98.7%), methylene blue (99.85%), and theophylline (99.87) within two hours, as well as long-term stability. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal rates of rhodamine B, methylene blue, and theophylline were measured to 55%, 61.8%, and 50.7%, respectively, which indicated that HA-TiO2−x exhibited high wastewater purification performance. This study provided a direct and effective hydrogenation method to produce reduced amorphous TiO2−x which has great potential in practical environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (G.F.); (M.H.); (S.Y.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Mengyun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (G.F.); (M.H.); (S.Y.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (G.F.); (M.H.); (S.Y.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Junyi Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
| | - Heping Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (G.F.); (M.H.); (S.Y.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan 250101, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Defective Black TiO 2: Effects of Annealing Atmospheres and Urea Addition on the Properties and Photocatalytic Activities. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102648. [PMID: 34685089 PMCID: PMC8541354 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of black TiO2 with and without the addition of urea were successfully prepared using a simple one-step synthetic method by calcination under different atmospheres (vacuum, He, or N2). The physicochemical, optical, and light-induced charge transfer properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by various techniques. It was found that a vacuum atmosphere was more beneficial for the formation of oxygen vacancies (OVs) than the inert gases (He and N2) and the addition of urea-inhibited OVs formation. The samples annealed in the vacuum condition exhibited better visible-light adsorption abilities, narrower bandgaps, higher photo-induced charge separation efficiency, and lower recombination rates. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) were the dominant oxidative species in the samples annealed under a vacuum. Finally, the samples annealed under vacuum conditions displayed higher photocatalytic activity for methylene blue (MB) degradation than the samples annealed under He or N2. Based on the above, this study provides new insights into the effects of annealing atmospheres and urea addition on the properties of black TiO2.
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9
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Liu ZG, Du R, He XX, Wang JC, Qiao Y, Li L, Chou SL. Recent Progress on Intercalation-Based Anode Materials for Low-Cost Sodium-Ion Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3724-3743. [PMID: 34245489 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intercalation-based anode materials can be considered as the most promising anode candidates for large-scale sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), owing to their long-term cycling stability and environmental friendliness, as well as their natural abundance. Nevertheless, their low energy density, low initial coulombic efficiency, and poor cycling lifespan, as well as sluggish sodium diffusion dynamics are still the main issues for the application of intercalation-based anode materials in SIBs in terms of meeting the benchmark requirements for commercialization. Over the past few years, tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the performance of SIBs. In this Review, recent progress in the development of intercalation-based anode materials, including TiO2 , Li4 Ti5 O12 , Na2 Ti3 O7 , and NaTi2 (PO4 )3 , is summarized in terms of their sodium storage performance, critical issues, sodiation/desodiation behavior, and effective strategies to enhance their electrochemical performance. Additionally, challenges and perspectives are provided to further understand these intercalation-based anode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Guang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Rui Du
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Xi He
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Cheng Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yun Qiao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lei Chou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
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10
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Mao Q, Liu M, Li Y, Wei Y, Yang Y, Huang Z. Black TiO x Films with Photothermal-Assisted Photocatalytic Activity Prepared by Reactive Sputtering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2508. [PMID: 34066148 PMCID: PMC8151715 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Titanium oxide is widely applied as a photocatalyst. However, its low efficiency and narrow light absorption range are two main disadvantages that severely impede its practical application. In this work, black TiOx films with different chemical compositions were fabricated by tuning target voltage and controlling O2 flow during reactive DC magnetron sputtering. The optimized TiOx films with mixed phases (TiO, Ti2O3, Ti3O5, and TiO2) exhibited fantastic photothermal and photocatalytic activity by combining high light-absorptive Ti2O3 and Ti3O5 phases with the photocatalytic TiO2 phase. The sample prepared with oxygen flow at 5.6 ± 0.2 sccm and target voltage near 400 V exhibited excellent optical absorbance of 89.29% under visible light, which could improve surface temperature to 114 °C under sunlight. This film could degrade Rhodamine-B up to 74% after 150 min of UV irradiation. In a word, this work provides a guideline for fabricating black TiOx films with photothermal-assisted photocatalytic activity by reactive DC magnetron sputtering, which could avoid the usage of hydrogen and is convenient for quantity preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yajie Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhengren Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Wu H, Zhang B, Liang H, Zhai L, Wang G, Qin Y. Distance Effect of Ni-Pt Dual Sites for Active Hydrogen Transfer in Tandem Reaction. Innovation (N Y) 2020; 1:100029. [PMID: 34557707 PMCID: PMC8454767 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Unveiling the distance effect between different sites in multifunctional catalysts remains a major challenge. Herein, we investigate the distance effect by constructing a dual-site distance-controlled tandem catalyst with a five-layered TiO2/Pt/TiO2/Ni/TiO2 tubular nanostructure by template-assisted atomic layer deposition. In this catalyst, the Ni and Pt sites are separated by a porous TiO2 interlayer, and the distance between them can be precisely controlled on the subnanometer scale by altering the thickness of the interlayer, while the inner and outer porous TiO2 layers are designed for structural stability. The catalyst exhibits superior performance for the tandem hydrazine hydrate decomposition to hydrogen and subsequent nitrobenzene hydrogenation when the Ni and Pt site distance is on the subnanometer level. The performance increases with the decrease of the distance and is better than the catalyst without the TiO2 interlayer. Isotopic and kinetic experiments reveal that the distance effect controls the transfer of active hydrogen, which is the rate-determining step of the tandem reaction in a water solvent. Reduced Ti species with oxygen vacancies on the TiO2 interlayer provide the active sites for hydrogen transfer with -Ti-OH surface intermediates via the continuous chemisorption/desorption of water. A smaller distance induces the generation of more active sites for hydrogen transfer and thus higher efficiency in the synergy of Ni and Pt sites. Our work provides new insight for the distance effect of different active sites and the mechanism of intermediate transfer in tandem reactions. The distance effect is an interesting and important topic in catalysis The distance of Ni-Pt dual sites is precisely controlled in subnanometer scale on a TiO2/Pt/TiO2/Ni/TiO2 five-layer catalyst by ALD The distance controls the water-assisted hydrogen transfer, determining the overall efficiency of the tandem reaction A close distance in subnanometer induces more active sites for hydrogen transfer and efficient synergy of Ni and Pt sites
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haojie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liming Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guofu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Yong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Naik KM, Higuchi E, Inoue H. Pt nanoparticle-decorated two-dimensional oxygen-deficient TiO 2 nanosheets as an efficient and stable electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11055-11062. [PMID: 32400843 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing novel hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts with high activity, high stability and low cost is of great importance for the ever-broader applications of hydrogen energy. Among the conventionally used platinum-based heterogeneous catalysts, the high consumption and low utilization efficiency of precious platinum are the most crucial issues. Herein we present a facile approach to prepare an effective HER catalyst with platinum nanoparticles dispersed on oxygen-deficient TiO2-x nanosheets (NSs). The fabricated Pt-TiO2-x NS electrocatalyst shows an overpotential of 35 mV at 10 mA cm-2 for the HER in 0.5 M H2SO4, which is highly comparable to that of commercial Pt/C (34 mV). More attractively, the Pt-TiO2-x NS electrocatalyst largely enhanced the mass activity (MA) of Pt and electrochemical stability compared to commercial Pt/C. The excellent HER performance of Pt-TiO2-x NSs is attributed to the synergetic effect between highly dispersed Pt species and TiO2-x NSs with oxygen vacancies, which enhances both electrocatalytic activity and durability over a wide pH range. This strategy can provide insights into constructing highly efficient catalysts and their support for different energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerti M Naik
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Eiji Higuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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13
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Liu Y, Chen P, Fan Y, Fan Y, Shi X, Cui G, Tang B. Grey Rutile TiO 2 with Long-Term Photocatalytic Activity Synthesized Via Two-Step Calcination. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050920. [PMID: 32397483 PMCID: PMC7279311 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Colored titanium oxides are usually unstable in the atmosphere. Herein, a gray rutile titanium dioxide is synthesized by two-step calcination successively in a high-temperature reduction atmosphere and in a lower-temperature air atmosphere. The as-synthesized gray rutile TiO2 exhibits higher photocatalytic activity than that of white rutile TiO2 and shows high chemical stability. This is attributed to interior oxygen vacancies, which can improve the separation and transmission efficiency of the photogenerated carriers. Most notably, a formed surface passivation layer will protect the interior oxygen vacancies and provide long-term photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guanwei Cui
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (B.T.); Tel.: +86-135-8906-3951 (G.C.)
| | - Bo Tang
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (B.T.); Tel.: +86-135-8906-3951 (G.C.)
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14
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Lim J, Kim S, Aymerich Armengol R, Kasian O, Choi P, Stephenson LT, Gault B, Scheu C. Atomic-Scale Mapping of Impurities in Partially Reduced Hollow TiO 2 Nanowires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5651-5655. [PMID: 31922307 PMCID: PMC7155045 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of impurities during the chemical synthesis of nanomaterials is usually uncontrolled and rarely reported because of the formidable challenge in measuring trace amounts of often light elements with sub-nanometer spatial resolution. And yet, these foreign elements (introduced by doping, for example) influence functional properties. We demonstrate how the hydrothermal growth and a partial reduction reaction on hollow TiO2 nanowires leads to the introduction of parts per millions of boron, sodium, and nitrogen. This doping explains the presence of oxygen vacancies and reduced Ti states at the surface, which enhance the functional properties of TiO2 . Our results were obtained on model metal oxide nanomaterials and they shed light on a general process that leads to the uncontrolled incorporation of trace impurities in TiO2 , thereby, having a strong effect on applications in energy-harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Lim
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax-Planck-Straße 140237DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Se‐Ho Kim
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax-Planck-Straße 140237DüsseldorfGermany
| | | | - Olga Kasian
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax-Planck-Straße 140237DüsseldorfGermany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum BerlinHelmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg14109BerlinGermany
| | - Pyuck‐Pa Choi
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Leigh T. Stephenson
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax-Planck-Straße 140237DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Baptiste Gault
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax-Planck-Straße 140237DüsseldorfGermany
- Department of MaterialsRoyal School of MinesImperial CollegeLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Christina Scheu
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax-Planck-Straße 140237DüsseldorfGermany
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15
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Lim J, Kim S, Aymerich Armengol R, Kasian O, Choi P, Stephenson LT, Gault B, Scheu C. Atomic‐Scale Mapping of Impurities in Partially Reduced Hollow TiO
2
Nanowires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Lim
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Straße 1 40237 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Se‐Ho Kim
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Straße 1 40237 Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Olga Kasian
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Straße 1 40237 Düsseldorf Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Pyuck‐Pa Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Leigh T. Stephenson
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Straße 1 40237 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Baptiste Gault
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Straße 1 40237 Düsseldorf Germany
- Department of Materials Royal School of Mines Imperial College London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Christina Scheu
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Straße 1 40237 Düsseldorf Germany
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16
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Self-assembly of homointerface engineered IrCo0.14 bracelet-like nanorings as efficient and stable bifunctional catalysts for electrochemical water splitting in acidic media. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Su Z, Liu J, Li M, Zhu Y, Qian S, Weng M, Zheng J, Zhong Y, Pan F, Zhang S. Defect Engineering in Titanium-Based Oxides for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-020-00064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Zhou H, Zhao Y, Xu J, Sun H, Li Z, Liu W, Yuan T, Liu W, Wang X, Cheong WC, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhao C, Yao Y, Wang W, Zhou F, Chen M, Jin B, Sun R, Liu J, Hong X, Yao T, Wei S, Luo J, Wu Y. Recover the activity of sintered supported catalysts by nitrogen-doped carbon atomization. Nat Commun 2020; 11:335. [PMID: 31953446 PMCID: PMC6969067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sintering of supported metal nanoparticles is a major route to the deactivation of industrial heterogeneous catalysts, which largely increase the cost and decrease the productivity. Here, we discover that supported palladium/gold/platinum nanoparticles distributed at the interface of oxide supports and nitrogen-doped carbon shells would undergo an unexpected nitrogen-doped carbon atomization process against the sintering at high temperatures, during which the nanoparticles can be transformed into more active atomic species. The in situ transmission electron microscopy images reveal the abundant nitrogen defects in carbon shells provide atomic diffusion sites for the mobile atomistic palladium species detached from the palladium nanoparticles. More important, the catalytic activity of sintered and deactivated palladium catalyst can be recovered by this unique N-doped carbon atomization process. Our findings open up a window to preparation of sintering-resistant single atoms catalysts and regeneration of deactivated industrial catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yafei Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Tianjin Key Lab of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Tongwei Yuan
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Weng-Chon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yancai Yao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Fangyao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Min Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Benjin Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Rongbo Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Tianjin Key Lab of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xun Hong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Tao Yao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Shiqiang Wei
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Tianjin Key Lab of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Yuen Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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19
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Patil SB, Phattepur H, Nagaraju G, Gowrishankar BS. Highly distorted mesoporous S/C/Ti 3+ doped black TiO 2 for simultaneous visible light degradation of multiple dyes. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01540g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
S–B-TiO2 exhibited 90 and 96% visible light simultaneous degradation of rose bengal and methylene blue dyes in 80 min, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaraj B. Patil
- Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Siddaganga Institute of Technology (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
- Tumakuru 572103
- India
| | - Harish Phattepur
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Siddaganga Institute of Technology (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
- Tumakuru 572103
- India
| | - G. Nagaraju
- Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Siddaganga Institute of Technology (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
- Tumakuru 572103
- India
| | - B. S. Gowrishankar
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Siddaganga Institute of Technology (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
- Tumakuru 572103
- India
- Department of Biotechnology
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20
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Zhao C, Li N, Zhang R, Zhu Z, Lin J, Zhang K, Zhao C. Surface Reconstruction of La 0.8Sr 0.2Co 0.8Fe 0.2O 3-δ for Superimposed OER Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47858-47867. [PMID: 31790190 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perovskites have become important OER electrocatalysts. Herein, as-prepared La0.8Sr0.2Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (LSCF-0) is chosen as a sample to exhibit the superimposed effect of surface reconstruction accompanied by reduction of Co3+ to Co2+ on the further improvement of its activity and stability. As-synthesized LSCF-0 perovskite is chemically treated by simply immersing in an aqueous solution of NaBH4 for 1.0 h at room temperature. The optimized LSCF (LSCF-2) owns an amorphous layer consisting of nanosized particles of ∼20 nm (vs smooth bulk crystalline surface for untreated LSCF), which exhibits superior OER performance to LSCF-0. LSCF-2 has an overpotential of 248 mV (10 mA cm-2) and a Tafel slope of 51 mV dec-1 (vs 355 mV and 76 mV dec-1 for LSCF-0 and 381 mV and 91 mV dec-1 for LCO) and an excellent cycle stability for 20 h running. This work supplies a new strategy to enhance OER performance through surface reconstruction of as-prepared perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Ruizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Lin
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Kefu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
| | - Chongjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , P. R. China
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21
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Han F, Zhao W, Bi R, Tian F, Li Y, Zheng C, Wang Y. Influence Mechanism of Cu Layer Thickness on Photoelectric Properties of IWO/Cu/IWO Films. MATERIALS 2019; 13:ma13010113. [PMID: 31881786 PMCID: PMC6982096 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transparent conductive IWO/Cu/IWO (W-doped In2O3) films were deposited on quartz substrates by magnetron sputtering of IWO and Cu in the Ar atmosphere. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns identified the cubic iron-manganese ore crystal structure of the IWO layers. The influence of the thickness of the intermediate ultra-thin Cu layers on the optical and electrical properties of the multilayer films was analyzed. As the Cu layer thickness increases from 4 to 10 nm, the multilayer resistivity gradually decreases to 4.5 × 10-4 Ω·cm, and the optical transmittance in the mid-infrared range increases first and then decreases with a maximum of 72%, which serves as an excellent candidate for the mid-infrared transparent electrode.
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22
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Bansal J, Swami SK, Singh A, Sarao T, Dutta V, Hafiz AK, Sharma SN. Apparatus-dependent sol-gel synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles for dye-sensitized solar cells. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1699427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Bansal
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Tarnija Sarao
- Department of Physics, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Viresh Dutta
- Photovoltaic Lab, Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - A. K. Hafiz
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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23
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Lü X, Chen A, Dai Y, Wei B, Xu H, Wen J, Li N, Luo Y, Gao X, Enriquez E, Wang Z, Dowden P, Yang W, Zhao Y, Jia Q. Metallic interface induced by electronic reconstruction in crystalline-amorphous bilayer oxide films. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:1567-1572. [PMID: 36659567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xujie Lü
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Aiping Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Yaomin Dai
- Center for Superconducting Physics and Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Quantum Materials Science and Technology, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Hongwu Xu
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nan Li
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Yongkang Luo
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Erik Enriquez
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Zhongchang Wang
- Department of Quantum Materials Science and Technology, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Paul Dowden
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Wenge Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Department of Physics and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Quanxi Jia
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; Division of Quantum Phases and Devices, Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Wen B, Liu LM, Selloni A. Structure and reactivity of highly reduced titanium oxide surface layers on TiO2: A first-principles study. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:184701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5126961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wen
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Li-Min Liu
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Annabella Selloni
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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25
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Cao N, Chen Z, Zang K, Xu J, Zhong J, Luo J, Xu X, Zheng G. Doping strain induced bi-Ti 3+ pairs for efficient N 2 activation and electrocatalytic fixation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2877. [PMID: 31253834 PMCID: PMC6599206 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical N2 fixation to produce ammonia is attractive but significantly challenging with low yield and poor selectivity. Herein, we first used density function theory calculations to reveal adjacent bi-Ti3+ pairs formed on anatase TiO2 as the most active electrocatalytic centers for efficient N2 lying-down chemisorption and activation. Then, by doping of anatase TiO2 with Zr4+ that has similar d-electron configuration and oxide structure but relatively larger ionic size, the adjacent bi-Ti3+ sites were induced and enriched via a strained effect, which in turn enhanced the formation of oxygen vacancies. The Zr4+-doped anatase TiO2 exhibited excellent electrocatalytic N2 fixation performances, with an ammonia production rate (8.90 µg·h−1·cm−2) and a Faradaic efficiency of 17.3% at −0.45 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode under ambient aqueous conditions. Moreover, our work suggests a viewpoint to understand and apply the same-valance dopants in heterogeneous catalysis, which is generally useful but still poorly understood. Electrocatalytic N2 conversion to ammonia offers a low-carbon alternative to industrial ammonia production, although the rational design of active, efficient catalysts remains limited. Here, authors show Ti3+-pair sites in anatase TiO2 to be active for aqueous N2 electroreduction to ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ketao Zang
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Tianjin Key Lab of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials, School of Materials, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Tianjin Key Lab of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials, School of Materials, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Tianjin Key Lab of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials, School of Materials, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Gengfeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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26
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Pylnev M, Wong MS. Comparative study of photocatalytic deactivation of pure and black titania thin films. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Guo Y, Chen S, Yu Y, Tian H, Zhao Y, Ren JC, Huang C, Bian H, Huang M, An L, Li Y, Zhang R. Hydrogen-Location-Sensitive Modulation of the Redox Reactivity for Oxygen-Deficient TiO 2. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8407-8411. [PMID: 31083914 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogenated black TiO2 is receiving ever-increasing attention, primarily due to its ability to capture low-energy photons in the solar spectrum and its highly efficient redox reactivity for solar-driven water splitting. However, in-depth physical insight into the redox reactivity is still missing. In this work, we conducted a density functional theory study with Hubbard U correction (DFT+U) based on the model obtained from spectroscopic and aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM) characterizations to reveal the synergy among H heteroatoms located at different surface sites where the six-coordinated Ti (Ti6C) atom is converted from an inert trapping site to a site for the interchange of photoexcited electrons. This in-depth understanding may be applicable to the rational design of highly efficient solar-light-harvesting catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Guo
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China.,Shenzhen Research Institute , City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen , P. R. China
| | - Shunwei Chen
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Yaoguang Yu
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Haoran Tian
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China.,Shenzhen Research Institute , City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen , P. R. China
| | - Ji-Chang Ren
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Haidong Bian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Miaoyan Huang
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Liang An
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Department of Physics , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China.,Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
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Liu H, Fan H, Wu R, Tian L, Yang X, Sun Y. Nitrogen-doped black TiO2 spheres with enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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29
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Ovcharov ML, Mishura AM, Shvalagin VV, Granchak VM. Semiconductor Nanocatalysts for CO2 Photoconversion Giving Organic Compounds: Design and Physicochemical Characteristics: A Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-019-09591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Large Scale Synthesis of Nanopyramidal-Like VO₂ Films by an Oxygen-Assisted Etching Growth Method with Significantly Enhanced Field Emission Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040549. [PMID: 30987293 PMCID: PMC6523309 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation reported on a novel oxygen-assisted etching growth method that can directly transform wafer-scale plain VO₂ thin films into pyramidal-like VO₂ nanostructures with highly improved field-emission properties. The oxygen applied during annealing played a key role in the formation of the special pyramidal-like structures by introducing thin oxygen-rich transition layers on the top surfaces of the VO₂ crystals. An etching related growth and transformation mechanism for the synthesis of nanopyramidal films was proposed. Structural characterizations confirmed the formation of a composite VO₂ structure of monoclinic M1 (P21/c) and Mott insulating M2 (C2/m) phases for the films at room temperature. Moreover, by varying the oxygen concentration, the nanocrystal morphology of the VO₂ films could be tuned, ranging over pyramidal, dot, and/or twin structures. These nanopyramidal VO₂ films showed potential benefits for application such as temperature-regulated field emission devices. For one typical sample deposited on a 3-inch silicon substrate, its emission current (measured at 6 V/μm) increased by about 1000 times after the oxygen-etching treatment, and the field enhancement factor β reached as high as 3810 and 1620 for the M and R states, respectively. The simple method reported in the present study may provide a protocol for building a variety of large interesting surfaces for VO₂-based device applications.
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Lin J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Huang C, Liu W, Mi X, Fan D, Fan F, Lu H, Chen X. SnS 2 Nanosheets/H-TiO 2 Nanotube Arrays as a Type II Heterojunctioned Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:961-967. [PMID: 30716210 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and the conductivity of electrons to photoanode substrates are critical to achieve high-performance photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Here, a SnS2 /H-TiO2 /Ti heterojunction photoanode was fabricated with SnS2 nanosheets vertically grown on hydrogen-treated TiO2 (H-TiO2 ) nanotube arrays on a Ti substrate. It showed a significantly enhanced photocurrent of 4.0 mA cm-2 at 1.4 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) under AM 1.5 G illumination, 70 times higher than that of SnS2 /TiO2 /Ti. Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements indicated that photogenerated electrons could be easily transported through the SnS2 /H-TiO2 interface but not through the SnS2 /TiO2 interface. Through hydrogen treatment, defects were created in H-TiO2 nanotubes to convert type I junctions to type II with SnS2 nanosheets. As a result, a high efficiency of electron-hole separation at the SnS2 /H-TiO2 interface and a high electron conductivity in H-TiO2 nanotubes were achieved and improved PEC performance. These findings show an effective route towards high-performance photoelectrodes for water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical, Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical, Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, 64110, USA
| | - Chen Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical, Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical, Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xihong Mi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical, Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Dayong Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical, Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Huidan Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical, Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, 64110, USA
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, 64110, USA
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Chatzitakis A, Sartori S. Recent Advances in the Use of Black TiO 2 for Production of Hydrogen and Other Solar Fuels. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1272-1281. [PMID: 30633840 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201801094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Black TiO2 has emerged as one of the most promising photocatalysts recently discovered. The reason behind its catalytic activity is considered to be due to the presence of defects and Ti3+ species at the surface of black TiO2 nanostructures, which are crucial for its diverse applications. Moreover, disordered/crystalline surface layers and bulk regions have been identified and appear to influence the intrinsic properties of the material. Here, we present the latest studies on the use of black TiO2 for metal free hydrogen production, as well as for CO2 photoreduction and N2 photofixation. After highlighting the structure/property relations, we conclude with some critical questions and suggest further topics of research in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of light absorption in black TiO2 , especially towards solar fuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Chatzitakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, FERMiO, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sabrina Sartori
- Associate Professor S. Sartori, Department of Technology Systems, University of Oslo, NO-2027, Kjeller, Norway
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33
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Chen A, Su Q, Han H, Enriquez E, Jia Q. Metal Oxide Nanocomposites: A Perspective from Strain, Defect, and Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803241. [PMID: 30368932 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films with ordered two phases, grown epitaxially on substrates, have attracted tremendous interest in the past decade. These unique nanostructured composite thin films with large vertical interfacial area, controllable vertical lattice strain, and defects provide an intriguing playground, allowing for the manipulation of a variety of functional properties of the materials via the interplay among strain, defect, and interface. This field has evolved from basic growth and characterization to functionality tuning as well as potential applications in energy conversion and information technology. Here, the remarkable progress achieved in vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films from a perspective of tuning functionalities through control of strain, defect, and interface is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Qing Su
- Nebraska Center for Energy Sciences Research, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Hyungkyu Han
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Erik Enriquez
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Quanxi Jia
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo-The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Division of Quantum Phases and Devices, Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
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Wang Y, Xue X, Liu P, Wang C, Yi X, Hu Y, Ma L, Zhu G, Chen R, Chen T, Ma J, Liu J, Jin Z. Atomic Substitution Enabled Synthesis of Vacancy-Rich Two-Dimensional Black TiO 2- x Nanoflakes for High-Performance Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries. ACS NANO 2018; 12:12492-12502. [PMID: 30474962 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium (Mg) batteries assembled with dendrite-free, safe, and earth-abundant metal Mg anodes potentially have the advantages of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density. Nevertheless, owing to the large polarity of divalent Mg2+ ions, the insertion of Mg2+ into electrode materials suffers from sluggish kinetics, which seriously limit the performance of Mg batteries. Herein, we demonstrate an atomic substitution strategy for the controlled preparation of ultrathin black TiO2- x (B-TiO2- x) nanoflakes with rich oxygen vacancies (OVs) and porosity by utilizing ultrathin 2D TiS2 nanoflakes as precursors. We find out that the presence of OVs in B-TiO2- x electrode material can greatly improve the electrochemical performances of rechargeable Mg batteries. Both experimental results and density functional theory simulations confirm that the introduction of OVs can remarkably enhance the electrical conductivity and increase the number of active sites for Mg2+ ion storage. The vacancy-rich B-TiO2- x nanoflakes exhibit high reversible capacity and good capacity retention after long-term cycling at large current densities. It is hoped that this work can provide valuable insights and inspirations on the defect engineering of electrode materials for rechargeable magnesium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Xiaolan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Pingying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute , Jingdezhen 333403 , China
| | - Caixing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Xu Yi
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Yi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Lianbo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Guoyin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Renpeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Zhong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
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35
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Katal R, Salehi M, Davood Abadi Farahani MH, Masudy-Panah S, Ong SL, Hu J. Preparation of a New Type of Black TiO 2 under a Vacuum Atmosphere for Sunlight Photocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:35316-35326. [PMID: 30226370 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Black TiO2 as a solar-driven photocatalyst has attracted enormous attention from scientists and engineers in water and wastewater treatment field. Most of the methods used for the preparation of black TiO2 are thermal treatment under a hydrogen atmosphere. Nevertheless, it is well known that working with hydrogen is not safe and needs special maintenance. Here, for the first time, we prepared black TiO2 by sintering P25 pellets at different temperatures (500-800 °C) under a vacuum atmosphere that showed the same performance with the prepared black TiO2 under a hydrogen atmosphere. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible deep resistivity sounding techniques. The differences between the formation of oxygen vacancy density and color turning in sintered powder and pellet were also studied. The results showed that the color of the P25 powder became darker after sintering but not completely turning to black, whereas the P25 pellets completely turned black after sintering. The resultant black TiO2 was used for the photocatalytic degradation of the acetaminophen (ACE) in aqueous solution under AM 1.5G solar light illumination; it was found that the P25 pellet sintered in 500 °C had the highest photocatalytic performance for ACE degradation under AM 1.5G solar light illumination. The photocatalytic activity of prepared black TiO2 under vacuum and hydrogen atmospheres was also compared together; the results showed that photocatalytic activities of both samples were so close together. The existence of the oxygen vacancy after 6 months and long and short-term stability (by application for photocatalytic degradation of ACE in an aqueous solution) of the black TiO2 pellets was also studied; the results showed that the TiO2 pellets in aqueous phase had acceptable stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Katal
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering , National University of Singapore , 117576 , Singapore
| | - Mojtaba Salehi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , National University of Singapore , 117575 , Singapore
| | | | - Saeid Masudy-Panah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 119260 , Singapore
| | - Say Leong Ong
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering , National University of Singapore , 117576 , Singapore
| | - Jiangyong Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering , National University of Singapore , 117576 , Singapore
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36
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Kang X, Song XZ, Han Y, Cao J, Tan Z. Defect-engineered TiO 2 Hollow Spiny Nanocubes for Phenol Degradation under Visible Light Irradiation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5904. [PMID: 29651141 PMCID: PMC5897375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we mainly report a strategy for the facile synthesis of defect-engineered F-doped well-defined TiO2 hollow spiny nanocubes, constructed from NH4TiOF3 as precursor. The topological transformation of NH4TiOF3 mesocrystal is accompanied with fluorine anion releasing, which can be used as doping source to synthesize F-doped TiO2. Our result shows that the introduction of oxygen vacancies (Vo's) and F dopant can be further achieved by a moderate photoreduction process. The as prepared sample is beneficial to improve photocatalystic degradation and Photoelectrochemical (PEC) efficiency under visible light irradiation. And this improvement in photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the significant enhancement of visible light absorption and separation of excited charges resulted from the presence of oxygen vacancies, F- ions and hollow structure of TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Kang
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Zhi Song
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, P. R. China
| | - Ying Han
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, P. R. China
| | - Junkai Cao
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, P. R. China
| | - Zhenquan Tan
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, P. R. China.
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37
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Tuning defects in oxides at room temperature by lithium reduction. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1302. [PMID: 29615620 PMCID: PMC5882908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects can greatly influence the properties of oxide materials; however, facile defect engineering of oxides at room temperature remains challenging. The generation of defects in oxides is difficult to control by conventional chemical reduction methods that usually require high temperatures and are time consuming. Here, we develop a facile room-temperature lithium reduction strategy to implant defects into a series of oxide nanoparticles including titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin dioxide (SnO2), and cerium dioxide (CeO2). Our lithium reduction strategy shows advantages including all-room-temperature processing, controllability, time efficiency, versatility and scalability. As a potential application, the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of defective TiO2 is examined. The hydrogen evolution rate increases up to 41.8 mmol g−1 h−1 under one solar light irradiation, which is ~3 times higher than that of the pristine nanoparticles. The strategy of tuning defect oxides used in this work may be beneficial for many other related applications. Defective oxides are attractive for energy conversion and storage applications, but it remains challenging to implant defects in oxides under mild conditions. Here, the authors develop a versatile lithium reduction strategy to engineer the defects of oxides at room temperature leading to enhanced photocatalytic properties.
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38
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Boosting the electrochemical performance of MoO3 anode for long-life lithium ion batteries: Dominated by an ultrathin TiO2 passivation layer. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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An X, Hu C, Liu H, Qu J. Hierarchical Nanotubular Anatase/Rutile/TiO 2(B) Heterophase Junction with Oxygen Vacancies for Enhanced Photocatalytic H 2 Production. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:1883-1889. [PMID: 29309163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen vacancies have been demonstrated to enhance the interfacial charge separation in TiO2-based photocatalysts. In this report, we explored a facile route to synthesize hierarchical nanotubular anatase/rutile/TiO2(B) nanostructures with high surface area and defective electronic structure. The formation of oxygen vacancies in the heterophase junction was analyzed by UV-vis absorption spectra, electron spin resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The enhanced interfacial charge separation and transportation ensured the excellent photoactivity of oxygen-deficient junctions for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen. As a result, the defective anatase/rutile/TiO2(B) junction showed a high hydrogen evolution rate of 2.79 mmol/h, which was 19 times higher than blank TiO2 nanotubes. The results demonstrate that defect modulation is a powerful tool to enhance the catalytic performances of TiO2-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang An
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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40
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Wang X, Estradé S, Lin Y, Yu F, Lopez-Conesa L, Zhou H, Gurram SK, Peiró F, Fan Z, Shen H, Schaefer L, Braeuer G, Waag A. Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Behavior of H-TiO 2 Nanorods Hydrogenated by Controlled and Local Rapid Thermal Annealing. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:336. [PMID: 28482648 PMCID: PMC5419951 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, colored H-doped TiO2 (H-TiO2) has demonstrated enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance due to its unique crystalline core-disordered shell nanostructures and consequent enhanced conduction behaviors between the core-shell homo-interfaces. Although various hydrogenation approaches to obtain H-TiO2 have been developed, such as high temperature hydrogen furnace tube annealing, high pressure hydrogen annealing, hydrogen-plasma assisted reaction, aluminum reduction and electrochemical reduction etc., there is still a lack of a hydrogenation approach in a controlled manner where all processing parameters (temperature, time and hydrogen flux) were precisely controlled in order to improve the PEC performance of H-TiO2 and understand the physical insight of enhanced PEC performance. Here, we report for the first time a controlled and local rapid thermal annealing (RTA) approach to prepare hydrogenated core-shell H-TiO2 nanorods grown on F:SnO2 (FTO) substrate in order to address the degradation issue of FTO in the typical TiO2 nanorods/FTO system observed in the conventional non-RTA treated approaches. Without the FTO degradation in the RTA approach, we systematically studied the intrinsic relationship between the annealing temperature, structural, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties in order to understand the role of the disordered shell on the improved photoelectrochemical behavior of H-TiO2 nanorods. Our investigation shows that the improvement of PEC performance could be attributed to (i) band gap narrowing from 3.0 to 2.9 eV; (ii) improved optical absorption in the visible range induced by the three-dimensional (3D) morphology and rough surface of the disordered shell; (iii) increased proper donor density; (iv) enhanced electron-hole separation and injection efficiency due to the formation of disordered shell after hydrogenation. The RTA approach developed here can be used as a suitable hydrogenation process for TiO2 nanorods/FTO system for important applications such as photocatalysis, hydrogen generation from water splitting and solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Institute for Semiconductor Technology, TU Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Strasse 66, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), TU Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Sonia Estradé
- Department d'Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuanjing Lin
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Institute for Semiconductor Technology, TU Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Strasse 66, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), TU Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lluis Lopez-Conesa
- Department d'Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute for Semiconductor Technology, TU Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Strasse 66, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), TU Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Gurram
- Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Francesca Peiró
- Department d'Electrònica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108, Braunschweig, Germany.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, 212013, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Lothar Schaefer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Guenter Braeuer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Waag
- Institute for Semiconductor Technology, TU Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Strasse 66, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), TU Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 6, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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41
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Cao Y, Xing Z, Hu M, Li Z, Wu X, Zhao T, Xiu Z, Yang S, Zhou W. Mesoporous black N-TiO2−x hollow spheres as efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Jing M, Hong R, Shao W, Lin H, Zhang D, Zhuang S, Zhang D. Laser induced photocatalytic activity enhancement of TiO 2 thin films. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:A1132-A1138. [PMID: 29220990 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.0a1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the photocatalytic activity enhancement of TiO2 thin films was realized by laser irradiation. The H2 yield of the as-irradiated film is 79 μmol/(h*m2), which is 33% more than that of the as-deposited TiO2 film. Spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction and Raman system were employed to characterize the samples. The results showed that both the scanning rate and line spacing of the laser modification have effects on photocatalytic activity. It suggests that a phase junction is formed between the amorphous and rutile phases. The increment of H2 generation could be attributed to the alignment of Fermi levels in the phase junction.
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Tuning the Electronic Conductivity in Hydrothermally Grown Rutile TiO₂ Nanowires: Effect of Heat Treatment in Different Environments. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7100289. [PMID: 28946626 PMCID: PMC5666454 DOI: 10.3390/nano7100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermally grown rutile TiO₂ nanowires are intrinsically full of lattice defects, especially oxygen vacancies. These vacancies have a significant influence on the structural and electronic properties of the nanowires. In this study, we report a post-growth heat treatment in different environments that allows control of the distribution of these defects inside the nanowire, and thus gives direct access to tuning of the properties of rutile TiO₂ nanowires. A detailed transmission electron microscopy study is used to analyze the structural changes inside the nanowires which are correlated to the measured optical and electrical properties. The highly defective as-grown nanowire arrays have a white appearance and show typical semiconducting properties with n-type conductivity, which is related to the high density of oxygen vacancies. Heat treatment in air atmosphere leads to a vacancy condensation and results in nanowires which possess insulating properties, whereas heat treatment in N₂ atmosphere leads to nanowire arrays that appear black and show almost metal-like conductivity. We link this high conductivity to a TiO2-x shell which forms during the annealing process due to the slightly reducing N₂ environment.
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Ding Y, Zhang X, Chen L, Wang X, Zhang N, Liu Y, Fang Y. Oxygen vacancies enabled enhancement of catalytic property of Al reduced anatase TiO 2 in the decomposition of high concentration ozone. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang K, Park JH. Surface Localization of Defects in Black TiO 2: Enhancing Photoactivity or Reactivity. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:199-207. [PMID: 27991794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past several years, surface-disordered TiO2, which is referred to as black TiO2 and can absorb both visible and near-infrared solar light, has triggered an explosion of interest for many important applications. Despite the excellent optical and electrical features of black TiO2 for various photoelectrochemical (PEC) and photochemical reactions, the current understanding of the photocatalytic mechanism is unsatisfactory and incomplete. On the basis of previous studies, we present new insight into the surface localization of defects and perspectives on the liquid/solid interface. The future prospects for understanding black TiO2 from this perspective suggest that defect engineering at the liquid/solid interface is a potential method of guiding nanomaterial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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