1
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Zhao Y, Niu Z, Zhao J, Xue L, Fu X, Long J. Recent Advancements in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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2
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Lye YE, Chan KY, Ng ZN. A Review on the Progress, Challenges, and Performances of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:585. [PMID: 36770546 PMCID: PMC9920041 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this twenty-first century, energy shortages have become a global issue as energy demand is growing at an astounding rate while the energy supply from fossil fuels is depleting. Thus, the urge to develop sustainable renewable energy to replace fossil fuels is significant to prevent energy shortages. Solar energy is the most promising, accessible, renewable, clean, and sustainable substitute for fossil fuels. Third-generation (3G) emerging solar cell technologies have been popular in the research field as there are many possibilities to be explored. Among the 3G solar cell technologies, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the most rapidly developing technology, making them suitable for generating electricity efficiently with low production costs. However, the toxicity of Pb in organic-inorganic metal halide PSCs has inherent shortcomings, which will lead to environmental contamination and public health problems. Therefore, developing a lead-free perovskite solar cell is necessary to ensure human health and a pollution-free environment. This review paper summarized numerous types of Sn-based perovskites with important achievements in experimental-based studies to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen-Ean Lye
- School of Electrical Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kah-Yoong Chan
- Centre for Advanced Devices and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zi-Neng Ng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Song Z, Li C, Chen L, Yan Y. Perovskite Solar Cells Go Bifacial-Mutual Benefits for Efficiency and Durability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106805. [PMID: 34935204 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bifacial solar cells hold the potential to achieve a higher power output per unit area than conventional monofacial devices without significantly increasing manufacturing costs. However, efficient bifacial designs are challenging to implement in inorganic thin-film solar cells because of their short carrier lifetimes and high rear surface recombination. The emergence of perovskite photovoltaic (PV) technology creates a golden opportunity to realize efficient bifacial thin-film solar cells, owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and unique features of device physics. More importantly, transparent conducting oxide electrodes can prevent electrode corrosion by halide ions, mitigating one major instability issue of the perovskite devices. Here, the theory of bifacial PV devices is summarized and the advantages of bifacial perovskite solar cells, such as high power output, enhanced device durability, and low economic and environmental costs, are reviewed. The limitations and challenges for bifacial perovskite solar cells are also discussed. Finally, the awareness of bifacial solar cells as a feasible commercialization pathway of perovskite PV for mainstream solar power generation and building-integrated PV is advocated and future research directions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoning Song
- Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Chongwen Li
- Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Yanfa Yan
- Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
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4
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Kim J, Seong D, Kwon H, Jin S, Kim H, Kim Y, Jeong Y, Lee K, Kwon SJ, Shin M, Son D, Kim IS. Lead-Sealed Stretchable Underwater Perovskite-Based Optoelectronics via Self-Recovering Polymeric Nanomaterials. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20127-20135. [PMID: 34843225 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To harness the full potential of halide perovskite based optoelectronics, biological safety, compatibility with flexible/stretchable platforms, and operational stability must be guaranteed. Despite substantial efforts, none has come close to providing a solution that encompasses all of these requirements. To address these issues, we devise a multifunctional encapsulation scheme utilizing hydrogen bond-based self-recovering polymeric nanomaterials as an alternative for conventional glass-based encapsulation. We show that Pb in physically damaged halide perovskite solar cells can be completely contained within the self-recovering encapsulation upon submersion in a simulated rain bath, as indicated by in vitro cytotoxicity tests. In addition, self-recovering encapsulation accommodates stable device operation upon casual bending and even stretching, which is in stark contrast to conventional glass-based encapsulation schemes. We also demonstrate the concept of assembling user-defined scalable modular optoelectronics based on halide perovskite solar cells and light emitting diodes through the use of self-recovering conductive nanocomposites. Finally, long-term operational stability of over 1000 h was achieved under harsh accelerated conditions (50 °C/50% RH and 85 °C/0% RH) with the incorporation of an ultrathin atomic layer deposited TiO2 barrier underneath the multifunctional encapsulation. In light of these merits, the encapsulation scheme based on self-recovering polymeric nanomaterials is proposed as a simple, but practical solution to a multifaceted challenge in the field of halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyun Kim
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Duhwan Seong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Kwon
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Jin
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejun Kim
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yewon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongcheol Jeong
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanil Lee
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joon Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Son
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Superintelligence Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, KHU-KIST, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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5
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Mohammadi M, Gholipour S, Malekshahi Byranvand M, Abdi Y, Taghavinia N, Saliba M. Encapsulation Strategies for Highly Stable Perovskite Solar Cells under Severe Stress Testing: Damp Heat, Freezing, and Outdoor Illumination Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45455-45464. [PMID: 34528780 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A key direction toward managing extrinsic instabilities in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is encapsulation. Thus, a suitable sealing layer is required for an efficient device encapsulation, preventing moisture and oxygen ingression into the perovskite layer. In this work, a solution-based, low-cost, and commercially available bilayer structure of poly(methyl methacrylate)/styrene-butadiene (PMMA/SB) is investigated for PSCs encapsulation. Encapsulated devices retained 80% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) at 85 °C temperature and 85% relative humidity after 100 h, while reference devices without SB (only PMMA) suffer from rapid and intense degradation after only 2 h, under the same condition. In addition, encapsulated devices retained 95% of the initial PCE under -15 °C freezing temperature after 6 h and retained ∼80% of the initial PCE after immersion in HCl (37%) for 90 min. Moreover, applying an additional aluminum metal sheet on the PMMA/SB protective bilayer leads to the improvement of device stability up to 500 h under outdoor illumination, retaining almost 90% of the initial PCE. Considering the urge to develop reliable, scalable, and simple encapsulation for future large-area PSCs, this work establishes solution-based bilayer encapsulation, which is applicable for flexible solar modules as well as other optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting devices and photodetectors.improvement of device stability up to 500 h under outdoor illumination, retaining almost 90% of the initial PCE. Considering the urge to develop reliable, scalable, and simple encapsulation for future large-area PSCs, this work establishes solution-based bilayer encapsulation, which is applicable for flexible solar modules as well as other optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting devices and photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mohammadi
- Nanoparticles and Coating Lab, Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588, Iran
| | - Somayeh Gholipour
- Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-547, Iran
| | - Mahdi Malekshahi Byranvand
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group, IEK5-Photoevoltaik, Forschungszentrum, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Yaser Abdi
- Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran 14395-547, Iran
| | - Nima Taghavinia
- Nanoparticles and Coating Lab, Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588, Iran
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group, IEK5-Photoevoltaik, Forschungszentrum, Jülich 52425, Germany
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Bose R, Yin J, Zheng Y, Yang C, Gartstein YN, Bakr OM, Malko AV, Mohammed OF. Gentle Materials Need Gentle Fabrication: Encapsulation of Perovskites by Gas-Phase Alumina Deposition. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2348-2357. [PMID: 33656346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have attracted tremendous attention as promising materials for future-generation optoelectronic devices. Despite their outstanding optical and transport properties, the lack of environmental and operational stability remains a major practical challenge. One of the promising stabilization avenues is metal oxide encapsulation via atomic layer deposition (ALD); however, the unavoidable reaction of metal precursors with the perovskite surface in conventional ALD leads to degradation and restructuring of the perovskites' surfaces. This Perspective highlights the development of a modified gas-phase ALD technique for alumina encapsulation that not only prevents perovskites' degradation but also significantly improves their optical properties and air stability. The correlation between precise atomic interactions at the perovskite-metal oxide interface with the dramatically enhanced optical properties is supported by density functional theory calculations, which also underlines the widespread applicability of this gentle technique for a variety of perovskite nanostructures unbarring potential opportunities offered by combination of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Bose
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Jun Yin
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC) & KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yangzi Zheng
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chen Yang
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC) & KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuri N Gartstein
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Osman M Bakr
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC) & KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anton V Malko
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC) & KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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7
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Liu P, Zhang Y, Liu C, Emery JD, Das A, Bedzyk MJ, Hock AS, Martinson ABF. Thermal Atomic Layer Deposition of Gold: Mechanistic Insights, Nucleation, and Epitaxy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9091-9100. [PMID: 33560818 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An in situ microbalance and infrared spectroscopic study of alternating exposures to Me2Au(S2CNEt2) and ozone illuminates the organometallic chemistry that allows for the thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) of gold. In situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) studies resolve the nucleation delay and island growth of Au on a freshly prepared aluminum oxide surface with single cycle resolution, revealing inhibition for 40 cycles prior to slow nucleation and film coalescence that extends over 300 cycles. In situ infrared spectroscopy informed by first-principles computation provides insight into the surface chemistry of the self-limiting half-reactions, which are consistent with an oxidized Au surface mechanism. X-ray diffraction of ALD-grown gold on silicon, silica, sapphire, and mica reveals consistent out-of-plane oriented crystalline film growth as well as epitaxially directed in-plane orientation on closely lattice-matched mica at a relatively low growth temperature of 180 °C. A more complete understanding of ALD gold nucleation, surface chemistry, and epitaxy will inform the next generation of low-temperature, nanoscale, textured depositions that are applicable to high surface area supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Cong Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jonathan D Emery
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anusheela Das
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Bedzyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Adam S Hock
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Alex B F Martinson
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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Lin D, Xu X, Wang J, Zhang T, Xie F, Gong L, Chen J, Shi T, Shi J, Liu P, Xie W. Construction of an Iodine Diffusion Barrier Using Network Structure Silicone Resin for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:8138-8146. [PMID: 33565856 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Long-term stability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is inhibited by ion diffusion. Herein, we introduce a thermally stable and hydrophobic silicone resin layer with a network structure as an interfacial layer between the perovskite and the hole-transporting layer (HTL). Experimental and theoretical investigations confirm that the small Si-O-Si unit in the network forms both Si-I and Pb-O bonds with the perovskite surface, which physically and chemically inhibit the diffusion and self-release of iodine. Besides, the silicone resin layer suppresses the thermal crystallization of spiro-OMeTAD and optimizes the interfacial energy level alignment for hole extraction. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a perovskite solar cell with a silicone resin layer is improved to 21.11%. The device maintains more than 90.1% of its original PCE after 1200 h under 85 °C thermal stress, 99.6% after 2000 h under RH ∼55 ± 5%, and 83% of its original PCE after light soaking in air for 1037 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Lin
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiming Wang
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiankai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, IFM, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Fangyan Xie
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gong
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifu Shi
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyi Liu
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Xie
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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Charge Transporting Materials Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition in Perovskite Solar Cells. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14041156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Charge transporting materials (CTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have played an important role in improving the stability by replacing the liquid electrolyte with solid state electron or hole conductors and enhancing the photovoltaic efficiency by the efficient electron collection. Many organic and inorganic materials for charge transporting in PSCs have been studied and applied to increase the charge extraction, transport and collection, such as Spiro-OMeTAD for hole transporting material (HTM), TiO2 for electron transporting material (ETM) and MoOX for HTM etc. However, recently inorganic CTMs are used to replace the disadvantages of organic materials in PSCs such as, the long-term operational instability, low charge mobility. Especially, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has many advantages in obtaining the conformal, dense and virtually pinhole-free layers. Here, we review ALD inorganic CTMs and their function in PSCs in view of the stability and contribution to enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaics.
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Lee PH, Wu TT, Tian KY, Li CF, Hou CH, Shyue JJ, Lu CF, Huang YC, Su WF. Work-Function-Tunable Electron Transport Layer of Molecule-Capped Metal Oxide for a High-Efficiency and Stable p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45936-45949. [PMID: 32917088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The composite electron transporting layer (ETL) of metal oxide with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) prevents perovskite from metal electrode erosion and increases p-i-n perovskite solar cell (PVSC) stability. Although the oxide exhibits protective function, an additional work function modifier is still needed for good device performance. Usually, complicated multistep synthesis is employed to have a highly crystalline film that increases manufacturing cost and inhibits scalability. We report a facile synthesis of a novel organic-molecule-capped metal oxide nanoparticle film for the composite ETL. The nanoparticle film not only has a dual function of electron transport and protection but also exhibits work function tunability. Solvothermal-prepared SnO2 nanoparticles are capped with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) through ligand exchange. The resulting TBAOH-SnO2 nanoparticles disperse well in ethanol and form a uniform film on PCBM. The power conversion efficiency of the device dramatically increases from 14.91 to 18.77% using this layer because of reduced charge accumulation and aligned band structure. The PVSC thermal stability is significantly enhanced by adopting this layer, which prevents migration of I- and Ag. The ligand exchange method extends to other metal oxides, such as TiO2, ITO, and CeO2, demonstrating its broad applicability. These results provide a cornerstone for large-scale manufacture of high-performance and stable PVSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Huan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Tzu Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yu Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Feng Li
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Hou
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jong Shyue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Fu Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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11
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Yan G, Jiang B, Yuan Y, Kuang M, Liu X, Zeng Z, Zhao C, He JH, Mai W. Importance of Bi-O Bonds at the Cs 2AgBiBr 6 Double-Perovskite/Substrate Interface for Crystal Quality and Photoelectric Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6064-6073. [PMID: 31912720 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interface interactions between perovskite materials and substrates are of great significance for the development of high-quality perovskite materials. Herein, we have successfully prepared Cs2AgBiBr6 double-perovskite films via a one-step spin-coating process and demonstrated a novel approach that modifies the surface of substrates with an ultrathin metal oxide (MOx) layer to promote the film quality and photoelectric performance. Characterization results strongly suggest that the improvement is attributed to the Bi-O interfacial interaction at substrate/perovskite interface. Benefiting from this interface interaction, the average grain size of Cs2AgBiBr6 films has remarkably risen up to ∼500 nm, which is nearly four times larger than the one directly deposited on a commercial fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. Meanwhile, the pin hole surface area ratio has reduced from 2.61 to 0.60%. Furthermore, the corresponding photodetectors (PDs) have been fabricated and the performance has significantly improved owing to the enhanced Cs2AgBiBr6 film quality. The on-off ratio of the optimized PD has a boost of almost 10 times. In addition, the minimum detected irradiation has decreased from 9.7 × 10-8 to 1.9 × 10-9 W cm-2, as well as the maximum detectivity has increased from 3.3 × 1011 to 1.2 × 1013 Jones. These results suggest a feasible method for crystallization improvement of double-perovskite films and indicate promising promotion of photoelectric performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genghua Yan
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
| | - Bangqi Jiang
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
| | - Min Kuang
- Guangdong Institute of New Materials , Guangdong Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Semiconductor Industrial Technology , Guangdong Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Zhaohui Zeng
- Guangdong Institute of Semiconductor Industrial Technology , Guangdong Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510650 , China
| | - Chuanxi Zhao
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
| | - Jr-Hau He
- Department of Materials Science an Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Wenjie Mai
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
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12
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Yang D, Yang R, Priya S, Liu S(F. Recent Advances in Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: Fabrication and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4466-4483. [PMID: 30332522 PMCID: PMC6582445 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Flexible perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread research effort because of their potential in portable electronics. The efficiency has exceeded 18 % owing to the high-quality perovskite film achieved by various low-temperature fabrication methods and matching of the interface and electrode materials. This Review focuses on recent progress in flexible perovskite solar cells concerning low-temperature fabrication methods to improve the properties of perovskite films, such as full coverage, uniform morphology, and good crystallinity; demonstrated interface layers used in flexible perovskite solar cells, considering key figures-of-merit such as high transmittance, high carrier mobility, suitable band gap, and easy fabrication via low-temperature methods; flexible transparent electrode materials developed to enhance the mechanical stability of the devices; mechanical and long-term environmental stability; an outlook of flexible perovskite solar cells in portable electronic devices; and perspectives of commercialization for flexible perovskite solar cells based on cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal University620 West Chang'an AvenueXi'an710119China
- Materials Science and EngineeringPenn StateUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Ruixia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal University620 West Chang'an AvenueXi'an710119China
| | - Shashank Priya
- Materials Science and EngineeringPenn StateUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal University620 West Chang'an AvenueXi'an710119China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEMDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
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13
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Abstract
Design and modification of interfaces, always a critical issue for semiconductor devices, has become a primary tool to harness the full potential of halide perovskite (HaP)-based optoelectronics, including photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes. In particular, the outstanding improvements in HaP solar cell performance and stability can be primarily ascribed to a careful choice of the interfacial layout in the layer stack. In this review, we describe the unique challenges and opportunities of these approaches (section 1). For this purpose, we first elucidate the basic physical and chemical properties of the exposed HaP thin film and crystal surfaces, including topics such as surface termination, surface reactivity, and electronic structure (section 2). This is followed by discussing experimental results on the energetic alignment processes at the interfaces between the HaP and transport and buffer layers. This section includes understandings reached as well as commonly proposed and applied models, especially the often-questionable validity of vacuum level alignment, the importance of interface dipoles, and band bending as the result of interface formation (section 3). We follow this by elaborating on the impact of the interface formation on device performance, considering effects such as chemical reactions and surface passivation on interface energetics and stability. On the basis of these concepts, we propose a roadmap for the next steps in interfacial design for HaP semiconductors (section 4), emphasizing the importance of achieving control over the interface energetics and chemistry (i.e., reactivity) to allow predictive power for tailored interface optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Schulz
- Institut Photovoltaïque d'Île-de-France (IPVF) , 91120 Palaiseau , France.,CNRS , Institut Photovoltaı̈que d'Île de France (IPVF) , UMR 9006 , 91120 Palaiseau , France.,National Center for Photovoltaics , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - David Cahen
- Department of Materials and Interfaces , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - Antoine Kahn
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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14
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Yang D, Yang R, Priya S, Liu S(F. Flexible Perowskit‐Solarzellen: Herstellung und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 China
- Materials Science and Engineering Penn State University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Ruixia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Shashank Priya
- Materials Science and Engineering Penn State University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
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15
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Koushik D, Hazendonk L, Zardetto V, Vandalon V, Verheijen MA, Kessels WM, Creatore M. Chemical Analysis of the Interface between Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite and Atomic Layer Deposited Al 2O 3. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:5526-5535. [PMID: 30624886 PMCID: PMC6369720 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin metal oxides prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) have gained utmost attention as moisture and thermal stress barrier layers in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We have recently shown that 10 cycles of ALD Al2O3 deposited directly on top of the CH3NH3PbI3- xCl x perovskite material, are effective in delivering a superior PSC performance with 18% efficiency (compared to 15% of the Al2O3-free cell) with a long-term humidity-stability of more than 60 days. Motivated by these results, the present contribution focuses on the chemical modification which the CH3NH3PbI3- xCl x perovskite undergoes upon growth of ALD Al2O3. Specifically, we combine in situ Infrared (IR) spectroscopy studies during film growth, together with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the ALD Al2O3/perovskite interface. The IR-active signature of the NH3+ stretching mode of the perovskite undergoes minimal changes upon exposure to ALD cycles, suggesting no diffusion of ALD precursor and co-reactant (Al(CH3)3 and H2O) into the bulk of the perovskite. However, by analyzing the difference between the IR spectra associated with the Al2O3 coated perovskite and the pristine perovskite, respectively, changes occurring at the surface of perovskite are monitored. The abstraction of either NH3 or CH3NH2 from the perovskite surface is observed as deduced by the development of negative N-H bands associated with its stretching and bending modes. The IR investigations are corroborated by XPS study, confirming the abstraction of CH3NH2 from the perovskite surface, whereas no oxidation of its inorganic framework is observed within the ALD window process investigated in this work. In parallel, the growth of ALD Al2O3 on perovskite is witnessed by the appearance of characteristic IR-active Al-O-Al phonon and (OH)-Al═O stretching modes. Based on the IR and XPS investigations, a plausible growth mechanism of ALD Al2O3 on top of perovskite is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyashree Koushik
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology (TU/e), P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Hazendonk
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology (TU/e), P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Valerio Zardetto
- Solliance, High Tech
Campus 21, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Vandalon
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology (TU/e), P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A. Verheijen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology (TU/e), P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Philips
Innovation Labs, High
Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelmus M.M. Kessels
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology (TU/e), P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Solliance, High Tech
Campus 21, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mariadriana Creatore
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology (TU/e), P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Solliance, High Tech
Campus 21, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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16
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Seo S, Jeong S, Park H, Shin H, Park NG. Atomic layer deposition for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2403-2416. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09578g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extended understandings of perovskite solar cells by recent ALD application studies as well as challenges toward enhancing the efficiency and stability will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongrok Seo
- Department of Energy Science
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 440-746
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghwa Jeong
- Department of Energy Science
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 440-746
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungmin Park
- Department of Energy Science
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 440-746
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Energy Science
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 440-746
- Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 440-746
- Republic of Korea
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17
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Yu X, Yan H, Peng Q. Improve the Stability of Hybrid Halide Perovskite via Atomic Layer Deposition on Activated Phenyl-C 61 Butyric Acid Methyl Ester. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:28948-28954. [PMID: 30058323 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of oxide film on [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) shows a great promise to dramatically improve the ambient stability of hybrid halide perovskite. The nucleation of an ALD oxide on PCBM is critical to reliably apply this strategy. In this paper, we present the first study of the nucleation behavior of ALD oxides, including Al2O3 and ZnO, on PCBM. We find that PCBM film acts a gas diffusion barrier blocking the ALD reactants (diethyl zinc) from etching the underlying CH3NH3PbI3. However, ZnO is not able to nucleate on PCBM. We further identify that trimethyl aluminum, a strongly Lewis acid, reacts readily with C═O on PCBM to generate a seeding layer for nucleating ZnO ALD. This new chemical route is highly reliable and can be used to synthesize ALD ZnO coatings over PCBM. The synthesized PCBM/Al2O3-ZnO dramatically improves the stability of CH3NH3PbI3 against the ambience and even against liquid water. The result signifies the importance of understanding of nucleation of ALD in enabling reliable barrier coatings for hybrid halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Yu
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department , University of Alabama , P.O. Box 870203, Tuscaloosa 35487 , United States
| | - Haoming Yan
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department , University of Alabama , P.O. Box 870203, Tuscaloosa 35487 , United States
| | - Qing Peng
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department , University of Alabama , P.O. Box 870203, Tuscaloosa 35487 , United States
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18
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Rajagopal A, Yao K, Jen AKY. Toward Perovskite Solar Cell Commercialization: A Perspective and Research Roadmap Based on Interfacial Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800455. [PMID: 29883006 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency and low-cost perovskite solar cells (PVKSCs) are an ideal candidate for addressing the scalability challenge of solar-based renewable energy. The dynamically evolving research field of PVKSCs has made immense progress in solving inherent challenges and capitalizing on their unique structure-property-processing-performance traits. This review offers a unique outlook on the paths toward commercialization of PVKSCs from the interfacial engineering perspective, relevant to both specialists and nonspecialists in the field through a brief introduction of the background of the field, current state-of-the-art evolution, and future research prospects. The multifaceted role of interfaces in facilitating PVKSC development is explained. Beneficial impacts of diverse charge-transporting materials and interfacial modifications are summarized. In addition, the role of interfaces in improving efficiency and stability for all emerging areas of PVKSC design are also evaluated. The authors' integral contributions in this area are highlighted on all fronts. Finally, future research opportunities for interfacial material development and applications along with scalability-durability-sustainability considerations pivotal for facilitating laboratory to industry translation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adharsh Rajagopal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Photovoltaics, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
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19
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Lv Y, Xu P, Ren G, Chen F, Nan H, Liu R, Wang D, Tan X, Liu X, Zhang H, Chen ZK. Low-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Oxide Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Stability under Harsh Environmental Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:23928-23937. [PMID: 29952555 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid progress achieved on perovskite solar cells raises the expectation for their further development toward practical applications. Moisture sensitivity of perovskite materials is one of the major obstacles which limits the long-term durability of the perovskite solar cells, especially in outdoor operation where rainfall and water accumulation on the solar panels often occur. Micro/nanopinholes within the functional layers of the devices usually lead to water vapor penetration, thus subsequent decomposition of perovskites, and finally poor device performance and shortened operational lifetime. In this work, low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique was utilized to incorporate pinhole-free metal oxide layers (TiO2 and Al2O3) into an inverted perovskite solar cell consisting of indium tin oxide/NiO/perovskite/PC61BM/TiO2/Ag. The interface properties between the inserted TiO2 layer and the perovskite layer were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that TiO2 ALD fabrication process had made negligible degradation to the perovskite layer. The TiO2 layer can significantly reduce interfacial charge recombination loss, improve interfacial contact, and enhance water resistance. A maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.3% was achieved for devices with TiO2 interface layers. A stacked Al2O3 encapsulation layer was designed and deposited on top of the devices to further improve device stability under harsh environmental conditions. The encapsulated devices with the best performance retained 97% of the initial PCE after being stored in ambient condition for a thousand hours. They also showed great water resistance, and no significant degradation in terms of PCE and photocurrent of the devices was observed after they were immersed in deionized water for as long as 2 h. Our approach offers a promising way of developing highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells under real-world operational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China
| | - Piaohan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China
| | - Guoqi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China
| | - Huirong Nan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China
| | - Ruqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Kuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , P. R. China
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20
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Seo S, Jeong S, Bae C, Park NG, Shin H. Perovskite Solar Cells with Inorganic Electron- and Hole-Transport Layers Exhibiting Long-Term (≈500 h) Stability at 85 °C under Continuous 1 Sun Illumination in Ambient Air. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801010. [PMID: 29786887 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), poor long-term stability is one of the main obstacles preventing their commercialization. Several approaches to enhance the stability of PSCs have been proposed. However, an accelerating stability test of PSCs at high temperature under the operating conditions in ambient air remains still to be demonstrated. Herein, interface-engineered stable PSCs with inorganic charge-transport layers are shown. The highly conductive Al-doped ZnO films act as efficient electron-transporting layers as well as dense passivation layers. This layer prevents underneath perovskite from moisture contact, evaporation of components, and reaction with a metal electrode. Finally, inverted-type PSCs with inorganic charge-transport layers exhibit a PCE of 18.45% and retain 86.7% of the initial efficiency for 500 h under continuous 1 Sun illumination at 85 °C in ambient air with electrical biases (at maximum power point tracking).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongrok Seo
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghwa Jeong
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Changdeuck Bae
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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21
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Shi Z, Jayatissa AH. Perovskites-Based Solar Cells: A Review of Recent Progress, Materials and Processing Methods. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E729. [PMID: 29734667 PMCID: PMC5978106 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid increase of efficiency up to 22.1% during the past few years, hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a research “hot spot” for many solar cell researchers. The perovskite materials show various advantages such as long carrier diffusion lengths, widely-tunable band gap with great light absorption potential. The low-cost fabrication techniques together with the high efficiency makes PSCs comparable with Si-based solar cells. But the drawbacks such as device instability, J-V hysteresis and lead toxicity reduce the further improvement and the future commercialization of PSCs. This review begins with the discussion of crystal and electronic structures of perovskite based on recent research findings. An evolution of PSCs is also analyzed with a greater detail of each component, device structures, major device fabrication methods and the performance of PSCs acquired by each method. The following part of this review is the discussion of major barriers on the pathway for the commercialization of PSCs. The effects of crystal structure, fabrication temperature, moisture, oxygen and UV towards the stability of PSCs are discussed. The stability of other components in the PSCs are also discussed. The lead toxicity and updated research progress on lead replacement are reviewed to understand the sustainability issues of PSCs. The origin of J-V hysteresis is also briefly discussed. Finally, this review provides a roadmap on the current needs and future research directions to address the main issues of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Shi
- Nanotechnology and MEMS Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Ahalapitiya H Jayatissa
- Nanotechnology and MEMS Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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22
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Hoffmann L, Brinkmann KO, Malerczyk J, Rogalla D, Becker T, Theirich D, Shutsko I, Görrn P, Riedl T. Spatial Atmospheric Pressure Atomic Layer Deposition of Tin Oxide as an Impermeable Electron Extraction Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Thermal Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:6006-6013. [PMID: 29355015 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the notable success of hybrid halide perovskite-based solar cells, their long-term stability is still a key-issue. Aside from optimizing the photoactive perovskite, the cell design states a powerful lever to improve stability under various stress conditions. Dedicated electrically conductive diffusion barriers inside the cell stack, that counteract the ingress of moisture and prevent the migration of corrosive halogen species, can substantially improve ambient and thermal stability. Although atomic layer deposition (ALD) is excellently suited to prepare such functional layers, ALD suffers from the requirement of vacuum and only allows for a very limited throughput. Here, we demonstrate for the first time spatial ALD-grown SnOx at atmospheric pressure as impermeable electron extraction layers for perovskite solar cells. We achieve optical transmittance and electrical conductivity similar to those in SnOx grown by conventional vacuum-based ALD. A low deposition temperature of 80 °C and a high substrate speed of 2.4 m min-1 yield SnOx layers with a low water vapor transmission rate of ∼10-4 gm-2 day-1 (at 60 °C/60% RH). Thereby, in perovskite solar cells, dense hybrid Al:ZnO/SnOx electron extraction layers are created that are the key for stable cell characteristics beyond 1000 h in ambient air and over 3000 h at 60 °C. Most notably, our work of introducing spatial ALD at atmospheric pressure paves the way to the future roll-to-roll manufacturing of stable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Detlef Rogalla
- RUBION, University of Bochum , Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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23
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Tian L, Föhlinger J, Pati PB, Zhang Z, Lin J, Yang W, Johansson M, Kubart T, Sun J, Boschloo G, Hammarström L, Tian H. Ultrafast dye regeneration in a core-shell NiO-dye-TiO 2 mesoporous film. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:36-40. [PMID: 29210392 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a core-shell NiO-dye-TiO2 mesoporous film was fabricated for the first time, utilizing atomic layer deposition technique and a newly designed triphenylamine dye. The structure of the film was confirmed by SEM, TEM, and EDX. Excitation of the dye led to efficient and fast charge separation, by hole injection into NiO, followed by an unprecedentedly fast dye regeneration (t1/2 ≤ 500 fs) by electron transfer to TiO2. The resulting charge separated state showed a pronounced transient absorption spectrum caused by the Stark effect, and no significant decay was found within 1.9 ns. This indicates that charge recombination between NiO and TiO2 is much slower than that between the NiO and the reduced dye in the absence of the TiO2 layer (t1/2 ≈ 100 ps).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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24
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Caddeo C, Saba MI, Meloni S, Filippetti A, Mattoni A. Collective Molecular Mechanisms in the CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Dissolution by Liquid Water. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9183-9190. [PMID: 28783296 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the dissolution of methylammonium lead trihalide (MAPI) crystals in liquid water is clarified by finite-temperature molecular dynamics by developing a MYP-based force field (MYP1) for water-MAPI systems. A thermally activated process is found with an energy barrier of 0.36 eV consisting of a layer-by-layer degradation with generation of inorganic PbI2 films and solvation of MA and I ions. We rationalize the effect of water on MAPI by identifying a transition from a reversible absorption and diffusion in the presence of vapor to the irreversible destruction of the crystal lattice in liquid due to a cooperative action of water molecules. A strong water-MAPI interaction is found with a binding energy of 0.41 eV/H2O and wetting energy of 0.23 N/m. The water vapor absorption is energetically favored (0.29 eV/H2O), and the infiltrated molecules can migrate within the crystal with a diffusion coefficient D = 1.7 × 10-8 cm2/s and activation energy of 0.28 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Caddeo
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR - IOM) Cagliari , Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Maria Ilenia Saba
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR - IOM) Cagliari , Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Simone Meloni
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Università La Sapienza , Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippetti
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR - IOM) Cagliari , Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato (Ca), Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari , Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Alessandro Mattoni
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR - IOM) Cagliari , Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato (Ca), Italy
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25
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Islam MB, Yanagida M, Shirai Y, Nabetani Y, Miyano K. NiO x Hole Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Stability and Reproducibility. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:2291-2299. [PMID: 31457579 PMCID: PMC6641178 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, highly stable, low-temperature-processed planar lead halide perovskite (MAPbI3-x Cl x ) solar cells with NiO x interfaces have been developed. Our solar cells maintain over 85% of the initial efficiency for more than 670 h, at the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under 1 sun illumination (no UV-light filtering) at 30 °C, and over 73% of the initial efficiency for more than 1000 h, at the accelerating aging test (85 °C) under the same MPPT condition. Storing the encapsulated devices at 85 °C in dark over 1000 h revealed no performance degradation. The key factor for the prolonged lifetime of the devices was the sputter-deposited polycrystalline NiO x hole transport layer (HTL). We observed that the properties of NiO x are dependent on its composition. At a higher Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio, the conductivity of NiO x is higher, but at the expense of optical transmittance. We obtained the highest power conversion efficiency of 15.2% at the optimized NiO x condition. The sputtered NiO x films were used to fabricate solar cells without annealing or any other treatments. The device stability enhanced significantly compared to that of the devices with PEDOT:PSS HTL. We clearly demonstrated that the illumination-induced degradation depends heavily on the nature of the HTL in the inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). The sputtered NiO x HTL can be a good candidate to solve stability problems in the lead halide PVSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Bodiul Islam
- Global
Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials
Science (GREEN), National Institute for
Materials Science, 1-1
Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
- Department
of Glass and Ceramic Engineering, Rajshahi
University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh
| | - Masatoshi Yanagida
- Global
Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials
Science (GREEN), National Institute for
Materials Science, 1-1
Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shirai
- Global
Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials
Science (GREEN), National Institute for
Materials Science, 1-1
Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- E-mail:
| | - Yoichi Nabetani
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Miyano
- Global
Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials
Science (GREEN), National Institute for
Materials Science, 1-1
Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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