1
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Zhang Y, Xiao X, Chen W, Zhang Z, Li W, Ge X, Li Y, Xiang J, Sun Q, Yan Z, Yu Y, Yang H, Li Z, Huang Y. In Operando Monitoring the Stress Evolution of Silicon Anode Electrodes during Battery Operation via Optical Fiber Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311299. [PMID: 38366314 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) anode has attracted broad attention because of its high theoretical specific capacity and low working potential. However, the severe volumetric changes of Si particles during the lithiation process cause expansion and contraction of the electrodes, which induces a repeatedly repair of solid electrolyte interphase, resulting in an excessive consuming of electrolyte and rapid capacity decay. Clearly known the deformation and stress changing at µε resolution in the Si-based electrode during battery operation provides invaluable information for the battery research and development. Here, an in operando approach is developed to monitor the stress evolution of Si anode electrodes via optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. By implanting FBG sensor at specific locations in the pouch cells with different Si anodes, the stress evolution of Si electrodes has been systematically investigated, and Δσ/areal capacity is proposed for stress assessment. The results indicate that the differences in stress evolution are nested in the morphological changes of Si particles and the evolution characteristics of electrode structures. The proposed technique provides a brand-new view for understanding the electrochemical mechanics of Si electrodes during battery operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xiangpeng Xiao
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Weilun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Wanming Li
- Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jingwei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Qizhen Sun
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Zhijun Yan
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yifei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
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2
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Putra R, Matsushita K, Ohnishi T, Masuda T. Operando Nanomechanical Mapping of Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Electrodes in All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery Configuration during Electrochemical Lithiation and Delithiation. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:490-498. [PMID: 38190614 PMCID: PMC10801689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
An operando bimodal atomic force microscopy system was constructed to perform nanomechanical mapping of an amorphous Si thin film electrode deposited on a Li6.6La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12 solid electrolyte sheet during electrochemical lithiation/delithiation. The evolution of Young's modulus maps of the Si electrode was successfully tracked as a function of apparent Li content x in lithium silicide (LixSi) simultaneously with real-time surface topography observation. At the initial stage of lithiation, the average modulus steeply decreased due to the generation of LixSi from intrinsic Si, followed by a moderate modulus reduction until the electrode capacity reached 3300 mAh g-1 (Li content x = 3.46). In the following delithiation, the gradual recovery of the average modulus of LixSi was observed up to 1467 mAh g-1 (Li content x = 1.54) at which delithiation stopped due to the significant volume change induced by phase transformation of LixSi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridwan
P. Putra
- Graduate
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research
Center for Energy and Environmental Materials (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Matsushita
- Research
Center for Energy and Environmental Materials (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohnishi
- Research
Center for Energy and Environmental Materials (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takuya Masuda
- Graduate
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research
Center for Energy and Environmental Materials (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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3
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Liu Y, Zhong Y, Zeng Z, Zhang P, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Gao F, Ma X, Terrones M, Wang Y, Wang Y. Scalable Synthesis of a Porous Micro Si/Si-Ti Alloy Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery from Recovery of Titanium-Blast Furnace Slag. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54539-54549. [PMID: 37964444 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The extensive utilization of Si-anode-based lithium-ion batteries faces obstacles due to their substantial volume expansion, limited intrinsic conductivity, and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). In this study, we present a straightforward, cost-effective, yet scalable method for producing a porous micro Si/Si-Ti alloy anode. This method utilizes titanium-blast furnace slag (TBFS) as a raw material and combines aluminothermic reduction with acid etching. By adjusting the Al:TBFS ratio, the specific surface area of the material can be facilely tailored, ranging from 25.89 to 43.23 m2 g-1, enhancing the ICE from 78.2 to 85.5%. The incorporation of the Si-Ti alloy skeleton and porous structure contributes to the enhanced cyclic stability (capacity retention from 50.7 to 96.9%) and conductivity (Rct from 107.7 to 76.6 Ω). The Si/Si-Ti anode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, including delivering a specific capacity of 1161 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1 after 200 cycles and 1112 mAh g-1 at 500 mA g-1 after 100 cycles, with an improved ICE of 81.2%. This study introduces a successful methodology for designing novel Si anodes from recycling waste materials, providing valuable insights for future advancements in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Zhong
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Zeng
- Sichuan Nabis Silicon-Based Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 615500, P. R. China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Fan Gao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ye Wang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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4
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Cai J, Zhou X, Li T, Nguyen HT, Veith GM, Qin Y, Lu W, Trask SE, Fonseca Rodrigues MT, Liu Y, Xu W, Schulze MC, Burrell AK, Chen Z. Critical Contribution of Imbalanced Charge Loss to Performance Deterioration of Si-Based Lithium-Ion Cells during Calendar Aging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48085-48095. [PMID: 37787440 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, and thereby reducing costs, is a major target for industry and academic research. One of the best opportunities is to replace the traditional graphite anode with a high-capacity anode material, such as silicon. However, Si-based lithium-ion batteries have been widely reported to suffer from a limited calendar life for automobile applications. Heretofore, there lacks a fundamental understanding of calendar aging for rationally developing mitigation strategies. Both open-circuit voltage and voltage-hold aging protocols were utilized to characterize the aging behavior of Si-based cells. Particularly, a high-precision leakage current measurement was applied to quantitatively measure the rate of parasitic reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The rate of parasitic reactions at the Si anode was found 5 times and 15 times faster than those of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and LiFePO4 cathodes, respectively. The imbalanced charge loss from parasitic reactions plays a critical role in exacerbating performance deterioration. In addition, a linear relationship between capacity loss and charge consumption from parasitic reactions provides fundamental support to assess calendar life through voltage-hold tests. These new findings imply that longer calendar life can be achieved by suppressing parasitic reactions at the Si anode to balance charge consumption during calendar aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Cai
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xinwei Zhou
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tianyi Li
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hoai T Nguyen
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gabriel M Veith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yan Qin
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Wenquan Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Stephen E Trask
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Marco-Tulio Fonseca Rodrigues
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yuzi Liu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Maxwell C Schulze
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Anthony K Burrell
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Zonghai Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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5
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Cho Y, Lee KS, Piao S, Kim TG, Kang SK, Park SY, Yoo K, Piao Y. Wrapping silicon microparticles by using well-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes for the preparation of high-performance lithium-ion battery anode. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4656-4668. [PMID: 36760306 PMCID: PMC9896961 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon microparticles (SiMPs) show considerable promise as an anode material in high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their low-cost starting material and high capacity. The failure issues associated with the intrinsically low conductivity and significant volume expansion of Si have largely been resolved by designing silicon/carbon composites using carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The CNTs are important in terms of stress dissipation and the conductive network in Si/CNT composites. Here, we synthesized a SiMP/2D CNT sheet wrapping composite (SiMP/CNT wrapping) via a facile freeze-drying method with the use of highly dispersed single-walled CNTs. In this work, the well-dispersed CNTs are easily mixed with Si, resulting in effective CNT wrapping on the SiMP surface. During freeze-drying, the CNTs are self-assembled into a segregated 2D CNT sheet morphology via van der Waals interactions. The resulting CNT wrapping shows a unique wide range of conductive networks and mesh-like CNT sheets with void spaces. The SiMP/CNT wrapping 9 : 1 electrode exhibits good rate and cycle performance. The first charge/discharge capacity of SiMP/CNT wrapping 9 : 1 is 3160.7 mA h g-1/3469.1 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 with superior initial coulombic efficiency of 91.11%. After cycling, the SiMP/CNT wrapping electrode shows good structural integrity with preserved electrical conductivity. The superior electrochemical performance of the SiMP/CNT wrapping composite can be explained by an extensive conductive CNT network on the SiMPs and facile lithium-ion diffusion via mesh-like CNT wrapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseul Cho
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon-Si Gyeonggi-do 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Sang Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-guSuwon-SiGyeonggi-do16229Republic of Korea
| | - Shuqing Piao
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-guSuwon-SiGyeonggi-do16229Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Gyoung Kim
- BETTERIAL Co. 307, 52, Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyun Kang
- BETTERIAL Co. 307, 52, Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Park
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-guSuwon-siGyeonggi-do16229Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghyun Yoo
- BETTERIAL Co. 307, 52, Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Yuanzhe Piao
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon-Si Gyeonggi-do 16229 Republic of Korea .,Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon-Si Gyeonggi-do 16229 Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16229 Republic of Korea
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6
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Xiong J, Xiao P, Luo J, Li Y, Zhou P, Pang L, Xie X, Li Y. A self-sacrificing strategy to fabricate a fluorine-modified integrated silicon/carbon anode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj05896k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
A F-modified integrated Si/C composite prepared using a simple one-step self-sacrificing strategy exhibits environmentally friendly preparation and outstanding electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhi Xiong
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for National Defence on High-strength Structural Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yangjie Li
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Liang Pang
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xilei Xie
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yang Li
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for National Defence on High-strength Structural Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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7
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Guo F, Ren Y, Lu W. Optimal Microstructure of Silicon Monoxide as the Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:51965-51974. [PMID: 36373959 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Because of its metastable nature, silicon monoxide (SiO) consists of Si nanodomains in an amorphous matrix of SiO2. The microstructure of SiO, including SiO2, Si domains, and interphase (SiOx) between domains, was modified via an annealing treatment in argon gas and thoroughly characterized by in-situ and ex-situ X-ray diffraction, pair distribution function, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Two microstructure transformation routes were observed during the annealing process: (1) at a temperature of <800 °C, the annealing treatment was found to affect mainly the structural conformation of the amorphous SiO2 matrix and the interphase, while (2) an annealing temperature of >800 °C led to significant Si nanodomain growth. We found that the microstructure has a great impact on the electrochemical performance of SiO. The optimized microstructure of SiO appears to be achieved through annealing treatment at 800 °C or less, which results in interphase (SiOx) reduction without causing significant Si domain growth. This work provides a deep insight into the domain and interphase transformation of SiO upon heat treatment. The improved understanding of the relationship between SiO microstructure and its electrochemical behavior will enable proper design and development of high-energy SiO for lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Zhang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Yuzi Liu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Fangmin Guo
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Yang Ren
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Wenquan Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
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8
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Lv L, Wang Y, Huang W, Wang Y, Li X, Zheng H. Mechanism study on the cycling stability of silicon-based lithium ion batteries as a function of temperature. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Nazarian-Samani M, Nazarian-Samani M, Haghighat-Shishavan S, Kim KB. Fe 3+-Derived Boosted Charge Transfer in an FeSi 4P 4 Anode for Ultradurable Li-Ion Batteries. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12606-12619. [PMID: 35904525 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ion and electron transportation determine the electrochemical performance of anodes in metal-ion batteries. This study demonstrates the advantage of charge transfer over mass transport in ensuring ultrastable electrochemical performance. Additionally, charge transfer governs the quality, composition, and morphology of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) film. We develop FeSi4P4-carbon nanotube (FSPC) and reduced-FeSi4P4-carbon nanotube (R-FSPC) heterostructures. The FSPC contains abundant Fe3+ cations and negligible pore contents, whereas R-FSPC predominantly comprises Fe2+ and an abundance of nanopores and vacancies. The copious amount of Fe3+ ions in FSPC significantly improves charge transfer during Li-ion battery tests and leads to the formation of a thin monotonic SEI film. This prevents the formation of detrimental LiP and crystalline-Li3.75Si phases and the aggregation of discharging/recharging products and guarantees the reformation of FeSi4P4 nanocrystals during delithiation. Thus, FSPC delivers a high initial Coulombic efficiency (>90%), exceptional rate capability (616 mAh g-1 at 15 A g-1), and ultrastable symmetric/asymmetric cycling performance (>1000 cycles at ultrahigh current densities). This study deepens our understanding of the effects of electron transport on regulating the structural and electrochemical properties of electrode materials in high-performance batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Nazarian-Samani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Masoud Nazarian-Samani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Safa Haghighat-Shishavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Bum Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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10
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Zapata Dominguez D, Berhaut CL, Buzlukov A, Bardet M, Kumar P, Jouneau PH, Desrues A, Soloy A, Haon C, Herlin-Boime N, Tardif S, Lyonnard S, Pouget S. (De)Lithiation and Strain Mechanism in Crystalline Ge Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9819-9829. [PMID: 35613437 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Germanium is a promising active material for high energy density anodes in Li-ion batteries thanks to its good Li-ion conduction and mechanical properties. However, a deep understanding of the (de)lithiation mechanism of Ge requires advanced characterizations to correlate structural and chemical evolution during charge and discharge. Here we report a combined operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ex situ 7Li solid-state NMR investigation performed on crystalline germanium nanoparticles (c-Ge Nps) based anodes during partial and complete cycling at C/10 versus Li metal. High-resolution XRD data, acquired along three successive partial cycles, revealed the formation process of crystalline core-amorphous shell particles and their associated strain behavior, demonstrating the reversibility of the c-Ge lattice strain, unlike what is observed in the crystalline silicon nanoparticles. Moreover, the crystalline and amorphous lithiated phases formed during a complete lithiation cycle are identified. Amorphous Li7Ge3 and Li7Ge2 are formed successively, followed by the appearance of crystalline Li15Ge4 (c-Li15Ge4) at the end of lithiation. These results highlight the enhanced mechanical properties of germanium compared to silicon, which can mitigate pulverization and increase structural stability, in the perspective for developing high-performance anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anton Buzlukov
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Bardet
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Praveen Kumar
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Antoine Desrues
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA-Saclay, NIMBE, UMR 3685 CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Adrien Soloy
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA-Saclay, NIMBE, UMR 3685 CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Cédric Haon
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN, DEHT, STB, LM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Herlin-Boime
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA-Saclay, NIMBE, UMR 3685 CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Samuel Tardif
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphanie Pouget
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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11
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Qin X, Wang Y, Wang H, Lin H, Zhang X, Li Y, Li Z, Wang L. Reinforced concrete inspired Si/rGO/cPAN hybrid electrode: highly improved lithium storage via Si electrode nanoarchitecture engineering. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6488-6496. [PMID: 35416823 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00278g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrode nanoarchitecture engineering is a transformative way to improve the structural stability and build robust transport charge pathways for high-capacity silicon in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, the violent expansion of silicon during the lithiation/delithiation process is the chief reason for its limited industrialization. Here, we fabricated an integrated electrode structure using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and graphene oxide (GO) inspired by reinforced concrete. Based on low-temperature annealing, cyclized PAN was assembled on the surface of silicon nanoparticles and tightly combined with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which could construct stable and efficient transport channels for electrons and lithium ions and address the issues of electrode structure and interface stability. The resultant Si/rGO/cPAN (RC-Si) as the LIB anode exhibits exceptional combined performances including extraordinary mechanical properties, excellent cycling stability (∼1150 mA h g-1 at 2 A g-1 over 500 cycles), superior rate capability (∼600 mA h g-1 at 12 A g-1), and high areal capacity (∼5.6 mA h cm-2 at 0.5 mA cm-2). The novel electrode design concept is promising to promote the practical application of silicon anodes and open a new avenue to develop other high-capacity anodes for high-performance batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qin
- International science and technology cooperation base for Ecological Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization, Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization, Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Lin
- International science and technology cooperation base for Ecological Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xinghao Zhang
- International science and technology cooperation base for Ecological Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Li
- International science and technology cooperation base for Ecological Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- International science and technology cooperation base for Ecological Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Wang
- International science and technology cooperation base for Ecological Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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12
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Albero Blanquer L, Marchini F, Seitz JR, Daher N, Bétermier F, Huang J, Gervillié C, Tarascon JM. Optical sensors for operando stress monitoring in lithium-based batteries containing solid-state or liquid electrolytes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1153. [PMID: 35241673 PMCID: PMC8894478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28792-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of chemo-mechanical stress taking place in the electrodes of a battery during cycling is of paramount importance to extend the lifetime of the device. This aspect is particularly relevant for all-solid-state batteries where the stress can be transmitted across the device due to the stiff nature of the solid electrolyte. However, stress monitoring generally relies on sensors located outside of the battery, therefore providing information only at device level and failing to detect local changes. Here, we report a method to investigate the chemo-mechanical stress occurring at both positive and negative electrodes and at the electrode/electrolyte interface during battery operation. To such effect, optical fiber Bragg grating sensors were embedded inside coin and Swagelok cells containing either liquid or solid-state electrolyte. The optical signal was monitored during battery cycling, further translated into stress and correlated with the voltage profile. This work proposes an operando technique for stress monitoring with potential use in cell diagnosis and battery design. Chemo-mechanical stress within Li-based batteries detrimentally affects the performance and lifetime of these devices. Here, the authors propose an operando technique using optical fibers embedded in electrodes for internal stress monitoring of cells containing either solid or liquid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Albero Blanquer
- Collège de France, Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie-UMR 8260 CNRS, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)-FR CNRS 3459, 80039, Amiens Cedex, France.,Sorbonne Université-UPMC Paris 06, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Florencia Marchini
- Collège de France, Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie-UMR 8260 CNRS, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)-FR CNRS 3459, 80039, Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Jan Roman Seitz
- Collège de France, Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie-UMR 8260 CNRS, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)-FR CNRS 3459, 80039, Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Nour Daher
- Collège de France, Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie-UMR 8260 CNRS, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)-FR CNRS 3459, 80039, Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Fanny Bétermier
- Collège de France, Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie-UMR 8260 CNRS, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)-FR CNRS 3459, 80039, Amiens Cedex, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE UMR 8587, 91025, Evry, France
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- Collège de France, Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie-UMR 8260 CNRS, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)-FR CNRS 3459, 80039, Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Charlotte Gervillié
- Collège de France, Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie-UMR 8260 CNRS, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)-FR CNRS 3459, 80039, Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marie Tarascon
- Collège de France, Chimie du Solide et de l'Energie-UMR 8260 CNRS, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005, Paris, France. .,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)-FR CNRS 3459, 80039, Amiens Cedex, France. .,Sorbonne Université-UPMC Paris 06, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
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13
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Wu ZY, Lu YQ, Li JT, Zanna S, Seyeux A, Huang L, Sun SG, Marcus P, Światowska J. Influence of Carbonate Solvents on Solid Electrolyte Interphase Composition over Si Electrodes Monitored by In Situ and Ex Situ Spectroscopies. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27335-27350. [PMID: 34693154 PMCID: PMC8529680 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on Si-based anodes should have high mechanical properties to adapt the volume changes of Si with low thickness and good ionic conductivity. To better understand the influence of carbonate solvents on the SEI composition and mechanism of formation, systematic studies were performed using dimethyl carbonate (DMC) or propylene carbonate (PC) solvent and LiPF6 as a salt. A 1 M LiPF6/EC-DMC was used for comparison. The surface chemical composition of the Si electrode was analyzed at different potentials of lithiation/delithiation and after a few cycles. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry results demonstrate that a thinner and more stable SEI layer is formed in LiPF6/DMC. The in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy proves that the coordination between Li+ and DMC is weaker, and fewer DMC molecules take part in the formation of the SEI layer. The higher capacity retention during 60 cycles and less significant morphological modifications of the Si electrode in 1 M LiPF6/DMC compared to other electrolytes were demonstrated, confirming a good and stable interfacial layer. The possible surface reactions are discussed, and the difference in the mechanisms of formation of SEI in these three various electrolytes is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Yu Wu
- PSL
Research University, CNRS − Chimie ParisTech, Institut de Recherche
de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yan-Qiu Lu
- College
of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun-Tao Li
- College
of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sandrine Zanna
- PSL
Research University, CNRS − Chimie ParisTech, Institut de Recherche
de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Seyeux
- PSL
Research University, CNRS − Chimie ParisTech, Institut de Recherche
de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ling Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- College
of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Philippe Marcus
- PSL
Research University, CNRS − Chimie ParisTech, Institut de Recherche
de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jolanta Światowska
- PSL
Research University, CNRS − Chimie ParisTech, Institut de Recherche
de Chimie Paris (IRCP), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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14
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McBrayer JD, Apblett CA, Harrison KL, Fenton KR, Minteer SD. Mechanical studies of the solid electrolyte interphase on anodes in lithium and lithium ion batteries. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:502005. [PMID: 34315151 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac17fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is key to high performing lithium ion and lithium metal batteries for metrics such as calendar and cycle life. The SEI must be mechanically robust to withstand large volumetric changes in anode materials such as lithium and silicon, so understanding the mechanical properties and behavior of the SEI is essential for the rational design of artificial SEI and anode form factors. The mechanical properties and mechanical failure of the SEI are challenging to study, because the SEI is thin at only ~10-200 nm thick and is air sensitive. Furthermore, the SEI changes as a function of electrode material, electrolyte and additives, temperature, potential, and formation protocols. A variety ofin situandex situtechniques have been used to study the mechanics of the SEI on a variety of lithium ion battery anode candidates; however, there has not been a succinct review of the findings thus far. Because of the difficulty of isolating the true SEI and its mechanical properties, there have been a limited number of studies that can fully de-convolute the SEI from the anode it forms on. A review of past research will be helpful for culminating current knowledge and helping to inspire new innovations to better quantify and understand the mechanical behavior of the SEI. This review will summarize the different experimental and theoretical techniques used to study the mechanics of SEI on common lithium battery anodes and their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine D McBrayer
- Power Sources Technology Group, Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, 50 S Central Campus Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States of America
| | - Christopher A Apblett
- Power Sources Technology Group, Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Katharine L Harrison
- Nanoscale Sciences Department, Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Kyle R Fenton
- Power Sources Technology Group, Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States of America
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15
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Yan Z, Liu J, Lin Y, Deng Z, He X, Ren J, He P, Pang C, Xiao C, Yang D, Yu H, Du N. Metal-organic frameworks-derived CoMOF-D@Si@C core-shell structure for high-performance lithium-ion battery anode. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Woodard JC, Kalisvaart WP, Sayed SY, Olsen BC, Buriak JM. Beyond Thin Films: Clarifying the Impact of c-Li 15Si 4 Formation in Thin Film, Nanoparticle, and Porous Si Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38147-38160. [PMID: 34362252 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the c-Li15Si4 phase has well-established detrimental effects on the capacity retention of thin film silicon electrodes. However, the role of this crystalline phase with respect to the loss of capacity is somewhat ambiguous in nanoscale morphologies. In this work, three silicon-based morphologies are examined, including planar films, porous planar films, and silicon nanoparticle composite powder electrodes. The cycling conditions are used as the lever to induce, or not induce, the formation of c-Li15Si4 through application of constant-current (CC) or constant-current constant-voltage (CCCV) steps. In this manner, the role of this phase on capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency can be determined with few other convoluting factors such as alteration of the composition or morphology of the silicon electrodes themselves. The results here confirm that the c-Li15Si4 phase increases the rate of capacity decay in planar films but has no major effect on capacity retention in half-cells based on porous silicon films or silicon nanoparticle composite powder electrodes, although this conclusion is nuanced. Besides using a constant-voltage step, formation of the c-Li15Si4 phase is influenced by the dimensions of the Si material and the lithiation cutoff voltage. Porous Si films, which, in this work, comprise primary Si particle sizes that are smaller than those in the preformed Si nanoparticle slurries, do not undergo the formation of c-Li15Si4 at 50 mV, whereas Si nanoparticle slurries are accompanied by the formation of c-Li15Si4 up to 80 mV. The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed from reaction of the c-Li15Si4 with the carbonate-based electrolyte causes polarization in both nanoparticle and porous film silicon electrodes and lowers the average Coulombic efficiency. A comparison of the cumulative irreversibilities due to SEI formation between different lithiation cutoff voltages in silicon nanoparticle slurry electrodes confirmed the connection between higher SEI buildup and formation of the c-Li15Si4 phase. This work indicates that concerns about the c-Li15Si4 phase in silicon nanoparticles and porous silicon electrodes should mainly focus on the stability of the SEI and a reduction of irreversible electrolyte reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper C Woodard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - W Peter Kalisvaart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Sayed Youssef Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Brian C Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jillian M Buriak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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17
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Ge M, Cao C, Biesold GM, Sewell CD, Hao SM, Huang J, Zhang W, Lai Y, Lin Z. Recent Advances in Silicon-Based Electrodes: From Fundamental Research toward Practical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004577. [PMID: 33686697 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for higher-energy-density batteries driven by advancements in electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and portable electronic devices necessitates the development of alternative anode materials with a specific capacity beyond that of traditional graphite anodes. Here, the state-of-the-art developments made in the rational design of Si-based electrodes and their progression toward practical application are presented. First, a comprehensive overview of fundamental electrochemistry and selected critical challenges is given, including their large volume expansion, unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) growth, low initial Coulombic efficiency, low areal capacity, and safety issues. Second, the principles of potential solutions including nanoarchitectured construction, surface/interface engineering, novel binder and electrolyte design, and designing the whole electrode for stability are discussed in detail. Third, applications for Si-based anodes beyond LIBs are highlighted, specifically noting their promise in configurations of Li-S batteries and all-solid-state batteries. Fourth, the electrochemical reaction process, structural evolution, and degradation mechanisms are systematically investigated by advanced in situ and operando characterizations. Finally, the future trends and perspectives with an emphasis on commercialization of Si-based electrodes are provided. Si-based anode materials will be key in helping keep up with the demands for higher energy density in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Ge
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Health, School of Textile & Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Cao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Health, School of Textile & Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Gill M Biesold
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Christopher D Sewell
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Shu-Meng Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jianying Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC-CFC), College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Health, School of Textile & Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yuekun Lai
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst (NERC-CFC), College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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18
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Zhu H, Huang Y, Ren J, Zhang B, Ke Y, Jen AK, Zhang Q, Wang X, Liu Q. Bridging Structural Inhomogeneity to Functionality: Pair Distribution Function Methods for Functional Materials Development. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003534. [PMID: 33747741 PMCID: PMC7967088 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between structure and function lies at the heart of materials science and engineering. Especially, modern functional materials usually contain inhomogeneities at an atomic level, endowing them with interesting properties regarding electrons, phonons, and magnetic moments. Over the past few decades, many of the key developments in functional materials have been driven by the rapid advances in short-range crystallographic techniques. Among them, pair distribution function (PDF) technique, capable of utilizing the entire Bragg and diffuse scattering signals, stands out as a powerful tool for detecting local structure away from average. With the advent of synchrotron X-rays, spallation neutrons, and advanced computing power, the PDF can quantitatively encode a local structure and in turn guide atomic-scale engineering in the functional materials. Here, the PDF investigations in a range of functional materials are reviewed, including ferroelectrics/thermoelectrics, colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) magnets, high-temperature superconductors (HTSC), quantum dots (QDs), nano-catalysts, and energy storage materials, where the links between functions and structural inhomogeneities are prominent. For each application, a brief description of the structure-function coupling will be given, followed by selected cases of PDF investigations. Before that, an overview of the theory, methodology, and unique power of the PDF method will be also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhu
- Department of PhysicsCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Yalan Huang
- Department of PhysicsCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Jincan Ren
- Department of PhysicsCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Binghao Zhang
- Department of PhysicsCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Yubin Ke
- China Spallation Neutron SourceInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceDongguan523000P. R. China
| | - Alex K.‐Y. Jen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Xun‐Li Wang
- Department of PhysicsCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research InstituteCity University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of PhysicsCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research InstituteCity University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
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19
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Keller C, Desrues A, Karuppiah S, Martin E, Alper JP, Boismain F, Villevieille C, Herlin-Boime N, Haon C, Chenevier P. Effect of Size and Shape on Electrochemical Performance of Nano-Silicon-Based Lithium Battery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:307. [PMID: 33504062 PMCID: PMC7912472 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is a promising material for high-energy anode materials for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries. The gain in specific capacity depends highly on the quality of the Si dispersion and on the size and shape of the nano-silicon. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the size/shape of Si on the electrochemical performance of conventional Li-ion batteries. The scalable synthesis processes of both nanoparticles and nanowires in the 10-100 nm size range are discussed. In cycling lithium batteries, the initial specific capacity is significantly higher for nanoparticles than for nanowires. We demonstrate a linear correlation of the first Coulombic efficiency with the specific area of the Si materials. In long-term cycling tests, the electrochemical performance of the nanoparticles fades faster due to an increased internal resistance, whereas the smallest nanowires show an impressive cycling stability. Finally, the reversibility of the electrochemical processes is found to be highly dependent on the size/shape of the Si particles and its impact on lithiation depth, formation of crystalline Li15Si4 in cycling, and Li transport pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Keller
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SYMMES, STEP, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.K.); (S.K.); (E.M.); (C.V.)
- CEA, LITEN, DEHT, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.P.A.); (C.H.)
| | - Antoine Desrues
- CEA, CNRS, IRAMIS, NIMBE, LEDNA, University Paris Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (A.D.); (F.B.); (N.H.-B.)
| | - Saravanan Karuppiah
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SYMMES, STEP, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.K.); (S.K.); (E.M.); (C.V.)
- CEA, LITEN, DEHT, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.P.A.); (C.H.)
| | - Eléa Martin
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SYMMES, STEP, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.K.); (S.K.); (E.M.); (C.V.)
| | - John P. Alper
- CEA, LITEN, DEHT, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.P.A.); (C.H.)
- CEA, CNRS, IRAMIS, NIMBE, LEDNA, University Paris Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (A.D.); (F.B.); (N.H.-B.)
| | - Florent Boismain
- CEA, CNRS, IRAMIS, NIMBE, LEDNA, University Paris Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (A.D.); (F.B.); (N.H.-B.)
| | - Claire Villevieille
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SYMMES, STEP, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.K.); (S.K.); (E.M.); (C.V.)
| | - Nathalie Herlin-Boime
- CEA, CNRS, IRAMIS, NIMBE, LEDNA, University Paris Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (A.D.); (F.B.); (N.H.-B.)
| | - Cédric Haon
- CEA, LITEN, DEHT, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.P.A.); (C.H.)
| | - Pascale Chenevier
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SYMMES, STEP, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.K.); (S.K.); (E.M.); (C.V.)
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Bärmann P, Krueger B, Casino S, Winter M, Placke T, Wittstock G. Impact of the Crystalline Li 15Si 4 Phase on the Self-Discharge Mechanism of Silicon Negative Electrodes in Organic Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55903-55912. [PMID: 33259711 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Because of their high specific capacity and rather low operating potential, silicon-based negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries have been the subject of extensive research over the past 2 decades. Although the understanding of the (de)lithiation behavior of silicon has significantly increased, several major challenges have not been solved yet, hindering its broad commercial application. One major issue is the low initial Coulombic efficiency and the ever-present self-discharge of silicon electrodes. Self-discharge itself affects the long-term stability of electrochemical storage systems and, additionally, must be taken into consideration for inevitable prelithiation approaches. The impact of the crystalline Li15Si4 phase is of great interest as the phase transformation between crystalline (c) and amorphous (a) phases not only increases the specific surface area but also causes huge polarization. Moreover, there is the possibility for electrochemical over-lithiation toward the Li15+aSi4 phase because of the electron-deficient Li15Si4 phase, which can be highly reactive toward the electrolyte. This poses the question about the impact of the c-Li15Si4 phase on the self-discharge behavior in comparison to its amorphous counterpart. Here, silicon thin films used as model electrodes are lithiated to cut-off potentials of 10 mV and 50 mV versus Li|Li+ (U10mV and U50mV) in order to systematically investigate their self-discharge mechanism via open-circuit potential (UOCP) measurements and to visualize the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy. We show that the c-Li15Si4 phase is formed for the U10mV electrode, while it is not found for the U50mV electrode. In turn, the U50mV electrode displays an almost linear self-discharge behavior, whereas the U10mV electrode reaches a UOCP plateau at ca. 380 mV versus Li|Li+, which is due to the phase transition from c-Li15Si4 to the a-LixSi phase. At this plateau potential, the phase transformation at the Si|electrolyte interface results in an electronically more insulating and more uniform SEI (U10mV electrode), while the U50mV electrode displays a less uniform SEI layer. In summary, the self-discharge mechanism of silicon electrodes and, hence, the irreversible decomposition of the electrolyte and the corresponding SEI formation process heavily depend on the structural nature of the underlying lithium-silicon phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer Bärmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Krueger
- School of Mathematics and Sciences, Chemistry Department, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Simone Casino
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
- IEK-12, Helmholtz Institute Münster, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Placke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gunther Wittstock
- School of Mathematics and Sciences, Chemistry Department, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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21
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Hays KA, Armstrong B, Veith GM. Ending the Chase for a Perfect Binder: Role of Surface Chemistry Variation and its Influence on Silicon Anodes. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Hays
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Beth Armstrong
- Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Gabriel M. Veith
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
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22
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Pomerantseva E, Bonaccorso F, Feng X, Cui Y, Gogotsi Y. Energy storage: The future enabled by nanomaterials. Science 2019; 366:366/6468/eaan8285. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 658] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries, which power portable electronics, electric vehicles, and stationary storage, have been recognized with the 2019 Nobel Prize in chemistry. The development of nanomaterials and their related processing into electrodes and devices can improve the performance and/or development of the existing energy storage systems. We provide a perspective on recent progress in the application of nanomaterials in energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors and batteries. The versatility of nanomaterials can lead to power sources for portable, flexible, foldable, and distributable electronics; electric transportation; and grid-scale storage, as well as integration in living environments and biomedical systems. To overcome limitations of nanomaterials related to high reactivity and chemical instability caused by their high surface area, nanoparticles with different functionalities should be combined in smart architectures on nano- and microscales. The integration of nanomaterials into functional architectures and devices requires the development of advanced manufacturing approaches. We discuss successful strategies and outline a roadmap for the exploitation of nanomaterials for enabling future energy storage applications, such as powering distributed sensor networks and flexible and wearable electronics.
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23
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Liu Y, Sun W, Lan X, Hu R, Cui J, Liu J, Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhu M. Adding Metal Carbides to Suppress the Crystalline Li 15Si 4 Formation: A Route toward Cycling Durable Si-Based Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38727-38736. [PMID: 31566352 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In addition to large volume change and sluggish kinetics, the capacity decay of silicon anodes is also related to the formation of a crystalline Li15Si4 phase during cycling. Herein, we have demonstrated that refining cheap coarse-grained Si by ball milling with metal carbides (Mo2C, Cr2C3, etc.) can reduce the Si crystallite size significantly and can thus suppress the formation of the crystalline Li15Si4 during cycling, which increases the life of Si-based anode materials significantly. Si-Cr3C2@few-layer graphene (SC@G) composite anode materials were designed and prepared by plasma milling (P-milling) to achieve a considerable capacity of 881.8 mA h g-1 after 300 cycles at 1 A g-1. A study of the microstructure of the SC@G indicated that the refined amorphous-nanocrystal Si grains were distributed uniformly around multiscale Cr3C2 particles, which were covered by few-layer graphenes. The rigid Cr3C2 skeleton, which acts as a good conductive material, can increase the conductivity of the SC@G composite, avoid the agglomeration of refined Si, and regenerate Si nanosized grains during lithiation and delithiation. These results showed that the SC@G anode material exhibited an excellent overall performance based on its high capacity and long cycle stability, as well as excellent lithium-ion diffusion kinetics for lithium storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Sun
- MEET Battery Research Center , University of Muenster , Muenster 48149 , Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yao Zhang
- SUNWODA-SCUT Joint Laboratory for Advanced Energy Storage Technology , Sunwoda Electronic Co., Ltd , Shenzhen 518107 , China
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24
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Housel LM, Li W, Quilty CD, Vila MN, Wang L, Tang CR, Bock DC, Wu Q, Tong X, Head AR, Takeuchi KJ, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi ES. Insights into Reactivity of Silicon Negative Electrodes: Analysis Using Isothermal Microcalorimetry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37567-37577. [PMID: 31550121 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silicon offers high theoretical capacity as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries; however, high irreversible capacity upon initial cycling and poor cycle life have limited commercial adoption. Herein, we report an operando isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) study of a model system containing lithium metal and silicon composite film electrodes during the first two cycles of (de)lithiation. The total heat flow data are analyzed in terms of polarization, entropic, and parasitic heat flow contributions to quantify and determine the onset of parasitic reactions. These parasitic reactions, which include solid-electrolyte interphase formation, contribute to electrochemical irreversibility. Cycle 1 lithiation demonstrates the highest thermal energy output at 1509 mWh/g, compared to cycle 1 delithiation and cycle 2. To complement the calorimetry, operando X-ray diffraction is used to track the phase evolution of silicon. During cycle 1 lithiation, crystalline Si undergoes transformation to amorphous lithiated silicon and ultimately to crystalline Li15Si4. The solid-state amorphization process is correlated to a decrease in entropic heat flow, suggesting that heat associated with the amorphization contributes significantly to the entropic heat flow term. This study effectively uses IMC to probe the parasitic reactions that occur during lithiation of a silicon electrode, demonstrating an approach that can be broadly applied to quantify parasitic reactions in other complex systems.
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Chae S, Choi SH, Kim N, Sung J, Cho J. Integration of Graphite and Silicon Anodes for the Commercialization of High-Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:110-135. [PMID: 30887635 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Silicon is considered a most promising anode material for overcoming the theoretical capacity limit of carbonaceous anodes. The use of nanomethods has led to significant progress being made with Si anodes to address the severe volume change during (de)lithiation. However, less progress has been made in the practical application of Si anodes in commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The drastic increase in the energy demands of diverse industries has led to the co-utilization of Si and graphite resurfacing as a commercially viable method for realizing high energy. Herein, we highlight the necessity for the co-utilization of graphite and Si for commercialization and discuss the development of graphite/Si anodes. Representative Si anodes used in graphite-blended electrodes are covered and a variety of strategies for building graphite/Si composites are organized according to their synthetic methods. The criteria for the co-utilization of graphite and Si are systematically presented. Finally, we provide suggestions for the commercialization of graphite/Si combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujong Chae
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hyeon Choi
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhyung Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Sung
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaephil Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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Chae S, Choi S, Kim N, Sung J, Cho J. Graphit‐ und‐Silicium‐Anoden für Lithiumionen‐ Hochenergiebatterien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujong Chae
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republik Korea
| | - Seong‐Hyeon Choi
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republik Korea
| | - Namhyung Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republik Korea
| | - Jaekyung Sung
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republik Korea
| | - Jaephil Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republik Korea
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27
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Gan C, Zhang C, Wen W, Liu Y, Chen J, Xie Q, Luo X. Enhancing Delithiation Reversibility of Li 15Si 4 Alloy of Silicon Nanoparticles-Carbon/Graphite Anode Materials for Stable-Cycling Lithium Ion Batteries by Restricting the Silicon Particle Size. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35809-35819. [PMID: 31507163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) with a median size of 51 nm are prepared by the sand mill from waste silicon, and then carbon-interweaved SiNPs/graphite anode materials are designed. Because of the size of SiNPs is restricted below a critical fracture size of 150 nm as well as the rational decoration of carbon and graphite, fracture of SiNPs, and volume deformation of active materials are highly alleviated, leading to low impedance, enhanced electrochemical reaction kinetics, and good electronic connection between active materials and current collector. Furthermore, delithiation reversibility of the formed crystalline Li15Si4 alloy is enhanced. As a result, the anode with 10.5 wt % content of Si (including SiOx) delivers a properly high initial reversible capacity of 505 mA h g-1, high cycling stability with capacity retentions of 86.3%, and 91.5% at 0.1 and 1 A g-1 after 500 cycles, respectively. After cycling at a series of higher current densities, the reversible capacity recovers to the original level completely (100% recovery) when the current density is set back to the original value, exhibiting outstanding rate performance. The results indicate that the silicon-carbon anode can achieve high cycling performances with enhanced delithiation reversibility of the formed crystalline Li15Si4 alloy by restricting size of SiNPs and decoration of carbon materials, which are discussed systematically. The SiNPs are recycled from waste Si, and synthetic strategy of anode materials is very facile, cost-effective, and nontoxic, which has potential for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weidong Wen
- Ningxia Dongmeng Energy Company Limited , Yinchuan 750021 , China
| | - Yingkuan Liu
- Ningxia Dongmeng Energy Company Limited , Yinchuan 750021 , China
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28
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Zhu B, Wang X, Yao P, Li J, Zhu J. Towards high energy density lithium battery anodes: silicon and lithium. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7132-7148. [PMID: 31588280 PMCID: PMC6686730 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01201j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon and lithium metal are considered as promising alternatives to state-of-the-art graphite anodes for higher energy density lithium batteries because of their high theoretical capacity. However, significant challenges such as short cycle life and low coulombic efficiency have seriously hindered their practical applications. In the past decades, various strategies have been proposed to address the major problems of Si and Li anodes. In this review, we summarize the understanding on Si and Li anodes, highlight the recent progress in the development and introduce advanced characterization techniques. We also indicate the remaining challenges of Si and Li anodes requiring more efforts for future widespread applications. We expect that this review provides an overall picture of the recent progress and inspires more efforts in the fundamental understanding and practical applications of Si and Li anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures , College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , P. R. China .
| | - Xinyu Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures , College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , P. R. China .
| | - Pengcheng Yao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures , College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , P. R. China .
| | - Jinlei Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures , College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , P. R. China .
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures , College of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , P. R. China .
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29
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Xie Y, Gao H, Gim J, Ngo AT, Ma ZF, Chen Z. Identifying Active Sites for Parasitic Reactions at the Cathode-Electrolyte Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:589-594. [PMID: 30668123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-rich transition metal oxides are the most promising high-voltage and high-capacity cathode materials for high-energy-density lithium batteries. Improving the chemical/electrochemical stability of the cathode-electrolyte interface has been the major technical focus to enable this class of cathode materials. In this work, LiCoO2 is adopted as the model cathode material to investigate the active sites for parasitic reactions between the delithiated cathode and the nonaqueous electrolyte. Both ab initio calculations and experimental results clearly show that the partially coordinated transition metal atoms at the surface are responsible for the parasitic reactions at the cathode-electrolyte interface. This finding lays out fundamental support for rational interfacial engineering to further improve the life and safety characteristics of nickel-rich cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xie
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Han Gao
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Jihyeon Gim
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Anh T Ngo
- Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Zi-Feng Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Zonghai Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
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30
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Juarez-Robles D, Gonzalez-Malabet HJ, L'Antigua M, Xiao X, Nelson GJ, Mukherjee PP. Elucidating Lithium Alloying-Induced Degradation Evolution in High-Capacity Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:563-577. [PMID: 30561180 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alloy electrode materials offer high capacity in lithium-ion batteries; however, they exhibit rapid degradation resulting in particle disintegration and electrochemical performance decay. In this study, the evolution of lithium alloying-induced degradation due to electrochemomechanical interactions is examined based on a multipronged electrochemical and microstructural analysis. Copper-tin (Cu6Sn5) is chosen as an exemplary alloy electrode material. Electrodes with compositional variations were fabricated, and electrochemical performance was examined under varying conditions including voltage window, C-rate, and short- and long-term cycling. Morphology and composition analyses of pristine and cycled electrodes were conducted using micrography and spectroscopy techniques. Alloying-induced electrode microstructural evolution was probed using X-ray microtomography. The rapid capacity fading was found to be caused by mechanical degradation of the electrode. Driving the electrode to a lower potential ( E ≈ 0.2 V vs Li/Li+) induced Li-Sn alloy formation and provided the characteristic large capacity; however, this led to a large volume expansion and active particle cracking and disintegration. Copper expulsion was found to be a consequence of the alloy formation; however, it was not the primary contributor to the dramatic electrochemical performance decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Juarez-Robles
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Hernando J Gonzalez-Malabet
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , The University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville , Alabama 35899 , United States
| | - Matthew L'Antigua
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , The University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville , Alabama 35899 , United States
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - George J Nelson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , The University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville , Alabama 35899 , United States
| | - Partha P Mukherjee
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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31
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Zhang X, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Yan S, Huang J, Fang Z. A facile method to fabricate a porous Si/C composite with excellent cycling stability for use as the anode in a lithium ion battery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13438-13441. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06661f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porous Si/C with excellent cycling stability has been fabricated by dehydrating Si/sucrose mixed powder with concentrated H2SO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Shaoxing
- China
| | - Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Shaoxing
- China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Shaoxing
- China
| | - Shunrong Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Shaoxing
- China
| | - Junjie Huang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shaoxing University
- Shaoxing
- China
| | - Zebo Fang
- Mathematic Information College
- Shaoxing University
- Shaoxing
- China
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32
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Han Q, Jin T, Li Y, Si Y, Li H, Wang Y, Jiao L. Tin nanoparticles embedded in an N-doped microporous carbon matrix derived from ZIF-8 as an anode for ultralong-life and ultrahigh-rate lithium-ion batteries. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A carbon matrix with abundant micropores derived from ZIF-8 can confine Sn particles in an ultrasmall nanosize, contributing to the buffering of the huge volume changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Ting Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Yuchang Si
- Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force
- China
| | - Haixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Yijing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Lifang Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
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Kalaga K, Rodrigues MTF, Trask SE, Shkrob IA, Abraham DP. Calendar-life versus cycle-life aging of lithium-ion cells with silicon-graphite composite electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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35
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Chang ZH, Wang JT, Wu ZH, Gao M, Wu SJ, Lu SG. The Electrochemical Performance of Silicon Nanoparticles in Concentrated Electrolyte. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:1787-1796. [PMID: 29673129 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is a promising material for anodes in energy-storage devices. However, excessive growth of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) caused by the severe volume change during the (de)lithiation processes leads to dramatic capacity fading. Here, we report a super-concentrated electrolyte composed of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and propylene carbonate (PC) with a molar ratio of 1:2 to improve the cycling performance of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs). The SiNP electrode shows a remarkably improved cycling performance with an initial delithiation capacity of approximately 3000 mAh g-1 and a capacity of approximately 2000 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles, exhibiting about 6.8 times higher capacity than the cells with dilute electrolyte LiFSI-(PC)8 . Raman spectra reveal that most of the PC solvent and FSI anions are complexed by Li+ to form a specific solution structure like a fluid polymeric network. The reduction of FSI anions starts to play an important role owing to the increased concentration of contact ion pairs (CIPs) or aggregates (AGGs), which contribute to the formation of a more mechanically robust and chemically stable complex SEI layer. The complex SEI layer can effectively suppress the morphology evolution of silicon particles and self-limit the excessive growth, which mitigates the crack propagation of the silicon electrode and the deterioration of the kinetics. This study will provide a new direction for screening cycling-stable electrolytes for silicon-based electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Hua Chang
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, No.2 Xinjiekouwai street, Beijing, 100088, PR China
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke East Street, Huairou District, Beijing, 101407, PR China
| | - Jian-Tao Wang
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, No.2 Xinjiekouwai street, Beijing, 100088, PR China
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke East Street, Huairou District, Beijing, 101407, PR China
| | - Zhao-Hui Wu
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke East Street, Huairou District, Beijing, 101407, PR China
| | - Min Gao
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke East Street, Huairou District, Beijing, 101407, PR China
| | - Shuai-Jin Wu
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, No.2 Xinjiekouwai street, Beijing, 100088, PR China
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke East Street, Huairou District, Beijing, 101407, PR China
| | - Shi-Gang Lu
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, No.2 Xinjiekouwai street, Beijing, 100088, PR China
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke East Street, Huairou District, Beijing, 101407, PR China
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Zhang X, Guo R, Li X, Zhi L. Scallop-Inspired Shell Engineering of Microparticles for Stable and High Volumetric Capacity Battery Anodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800752. [PMID: 29745010 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Building stable and efficient electron and ion transport pathways are critically important for energy storage electrode materials and systems. Herein, a scallop-inspired shell engineering strategy is proposed and demonstrated to confine high volume change silicon microparticles toward the construction of stable and high volumetric capacity binder-free lithium battery anodes. As for each silicon microparticle, the methodology involves an inner sealed but adaptable overlapped graphene shell, and an outer open hollow shell consisting of interconnected reduced graphene oxide, mimicking the scallop structure. The inner closed shell enables simultaneous stabilization of the interfaces of silicon with both carbon and electrolyte, substantially facilitates efficient and rapid transport of both electrons and lithium ions from/to silicon, the outer open hollow shell creates stable and robust transport paths of both electrons and lithium ions throughout the electrode without any sophisticated additives. The resultant self-supported electrode has achieved stable cycling with rapidly increased coulombic efficiency in the early stage, superior rate capability, and remarkably high volumetric capacity upon a facile pressing process. The rational design and engineering of graphene shells of the silicon microparticles developed can provide guidance for the development of a wide range of other high capacity but large volume change electrochemically active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruiying Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xianglong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Linjie Zhi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Münzer A, Xiao L, Sehlleier YH, Schulz C, Wiggers H. All gas-phase synthesis of graphene: Characterization and its utilization for silicon-based lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Zeng X, Zhan C, Lu J, Amine K. Stabilization of a High-Capacity and High-Power Nickel-Based Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Reinhold R, Stoeck U, Grafe HJ, Mikhailova D, Jaumann T, Oswald S, Kaskel S, Giebeler L. Surface and Electrochemical Studies on Silicon Diphosphide as Easy-to-Handle Anode Material for Lithium-Based Batteries-the Phosphorus Path. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:7096-7106. [PMID: 29384653 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical characteristics of silicon diphosphide (SiP2) as a new anode material for future lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are evaluated. The high theoretical capacity of about 3900 mA h g-1 (fully lithiated state: Li15Si4 + Li3P) renders silicon diphosphide as a highly promising candidate to replace graphite (372 mA h g-1) as the standard anode to significantly increase the specific energy density of LIBs. The proposed mechanism of SiP2 is divided into a conversion reaction of phosphorus species, followed by an alloying reaction forming lithium silicide phases. In this study, we focus on the conversion mechanism during cycling and report on the phase transitions of SiP2 during lithiation and delithiation. By using ex situ analysis techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction, formed reaction products are identified. Magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is applied for the characterization of long-range ordered compounds, whereas X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy gives information of the surface-layer species at the interface of active material and electrolyte. Our SiP2 anode material shows a high initial capacity of about 2700 mA h g-1, whereas a fast capacity fading during the first few cycles occurs which is not necessarily expected. On the basis of our results, we conclude that besides other degradation effects, such as electrolyte decomposition and electrical contact loss, the rapid capacity fading originates from the formation of a low ion-conductive layer of LiP. This insulating layer hinders lithium-ion diffusion during lithiation and thereby mainly contributes to fast capacity fading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Reinhold
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V. , Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stoeck
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V. , Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Grafe
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V. , Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daria Mikhailova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V. , Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tony Jaumann
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V. , Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Oswald
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V. , Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Giebeler
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V. , Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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Xu GL, Xiao L, Sheng T, Liu J, Hu YX, Ma T, Amine R, Xie Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Ren Y, Sun CJ, Heald SM, Kovacevic J, Sehlleier YH, Schulz C, Mattis WL, Sun SG, Wiggers H, Chen Z, Amine K. Electrostatic Self-Assembly Enabling Integrated Bulk and Interfacial Sodium Storage in 3D Titania-Graphene Hybrid. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:336-346. [PMID: 29240435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature sodium-ion batteries have attracted increased attention for energy storage due to the natural abundance of sodium. However, it remains a huge challenge to develop versatile electrode materials with favorable properties, which requires smart structure design and good mechanistic understanding. Herein, we reported a general and scalable approach to synthesize three-dimensional (3D) titania-graphene hybrid via electrostatic-interaction-induced self-assembly. Synchrotron X-ray probe, transmission electron microscopy, and computational modeling revealed that the strong interaction between titania and graphene through comparably strong van der Waals forces not only facilitates bulk Na+ intercalation but also enhances the interfacial sodium storage. As a result, the titania-graphene hybrid exhibits exceptional long-term cycle stability up to 5000 cycles, and ultrahigh rate capability up to 20 C for sodium storage. Furthermore, density function theory calculation indicated that the interfacial Li+, K+, Mg2+, and Al3+ storage can be enhanced as well. The proposed general strategy opens up new avenues to create versatile materials for advanced battery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Liang Xu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lisong Xiao
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen , Duisburg 47048, Germany
| | - Tian Sheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianzhao Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yi-Xin Hu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Tianyuan Ma
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Rachid Amine
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yingying Xie
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yuzi Liu
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yang Ren
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Cheng-Jun Sun
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Steve M Heald
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jasmina Kovacevic
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen , Duisburg 47048, Germany
| | - Yee Hwa Sehlleier
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen , Duisburg 47048, Germany
| | - Christof Schulz
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen , Duisburg 47048, Germany
| | - Wenjuan Liu Mattis
- Microvast Power Solutions , 12603 Southwest Freeway, Stafford, Texas 77477, United States
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hartmut Wiggers
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen , Duisburg 47048, Germany
| | - Zonghai Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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41
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Zhang Y, Du N, Xiao C, Wu S, Chen Y, Lin Y, Jiang J, He Y, Yang D. Simple synthesis of SiGe@C porous microparticles as high-rate anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04364c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesize the PoSiGe@C via the decomposition of Mg2Si/Mg2Ge composites, acid pickling and subsequent carbon coating processes, which show excellent cycling and rate performance as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Ning Du
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Chengmao Xiao
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Shali Wu
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Yifan Chen
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Yangfan Lin
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Jinwei Jiang
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Yuanhong He
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
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