1
|
Shekh Alshabab S, Markert B, Bamer F. Criticality in the fracture of silica glass: Insights from molecular mechanics. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:034110. [PMID: 38632794 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.034110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The universality of avalanches characterizing the inelastic response of disordered materials has the potential to bridge the gap from micro to macroscale. In this study, we explore the statistics and the scaling behavior of avalanches occurring during the fracture process in silica glass using molecular mechanics. We introduce a robust method for capturing and quantifying these avalanches, allowing us to perform rigorous statistical analyses, revealing universal power laws associated with critical phenomena. The influence of an initial crack is explored, observing deviations from mean-field predictions while maintaining the property of criticality. However, the avalanche exponents in the unnotched samples are predicted correctly by the mean-field depinning model. Furthermore, we investigate the strain-dependent probability density function, its cutoff function, and the interrelation between the critical exponents. Finally, we unveil distinct scaling behavior for small and large avalanches of the crack growth, shedding light on the underlying fracture mechanisms in silica glass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernd Markert
- Institute of General Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franz Bamer
- Institute of General Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun Y, Lin Z, Tian F, Sun B, Zou X, Wang C. Tunable Mechanics and Micromechanism in Close-Knit Silicide-in-SiO 2 Core-Shell Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9951-9957. [PMID: 36512484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bending/tension mechanics is one of the core issues for nanowires in flexible free-standing transport and sensor applications, but it remains a challenge to tailor the mechanical performance beyond the inherent properties. Herein, based on structure engineering, silicon-based Mn5Si3@SiO2 nanocables are proposed and demonstrated as versatile nanosystems. Except for outstanding toughness, large ultimate strain, and great strength, they display diverse mechanical behaviors such as simplex elasticity, plasticity, and viscoelasticity under different external conditions. The tunable performances originate from synergetic effects between the core and shell components, like the atomic bonding transitional interface and space confinement, which induce optimizing internal stress distribution and the dislocation evolution mechanism in the core. The related mechanical performance is revealed carefully. The bending and tension dynamic picture, quantitative force curve, stress-strain dependence, and the corresponding lattice evolution are acquired by in/ex situ characterizations and measurements. These results contribute to nanowire mechanical design and also expand to strain-regulated three-dimensional multifunctional nanosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Linghu S, Ma Y, Gu Z, Zhu R, Liu Y, Liu H, Gu F. Thermal-mechanical-photo-activation effect on silica micro/nanofiber surfaces: origination, reparation and utilization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:22755-22767. [PMID: 36224966 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The exploration relevant to the surface changes on optical micro- and nanofibers (MNFs) is still in infancy, and the reported original mechanisms remain long-standing puzzles. Here, by recognizing the combined interactions between fiber heating, mechanically tapering, and high-power pulsed laser guiding processes in MNFs, we establish a general thermal-mechanical-photo-activation mechanism that can explain the surface changes on MNFs. Our proposed activation mechanism can be well supported by the systematical experimental results using high-intensity nanosecond/femtosecond pulsed lasers. Especially we find large bump-like nanoscale cavities on the fracture ends of thin MNFs. Theoretically, on the basis of greatly increased bond energy activated by the fiber heating and mechanically tapering processes, the energy needed to break the silicon-oxygen bond into dangling bonds is significantly reduced from its intrinsic bandgap of ∼9 eV to as low as ∼4.0 eV, thus high-power pulsed lasers with much smaller photon energy can induce obvious surface changes on MNFs via multi-photon absorption. Finally, we demonstrate that using surfactants can repair the MNF surfaces and exploit them in promising applications ranging from sensing and optoelectronics to nonlinear optics. Our results pave the way for future preventing the performances from degradation and enabling the practical MNF-based device applications.
Collapse
|
4
|
Guerra R, Bonfanti S, Procaccia I, Zapperi S. Universal density of low-frequency states in silica glass at finite temperatures. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:054104. [PMID: 35706171 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.054104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The theoretical understanding of the low-frequency modes in amorphous solids at finite temperature is still incomplete. The study of the relevant modes is obscured by the dressing of interparticle forces by collision-induced momentum transfer that is unavoidable at finite temperatures. Recently, it was proposed that low-frequency modes of vibrations around the thermally averaged configurations deserve special attention. In simple model glasses with bare binary interactions, these included quasilocalized modes whose density of states appears to be universal, depending on the frequencies as D(ω)∼ω^{4}, in agreement with the similar law that is obtained with bare forces at zero temperature. In this paper, we report investigations of a model of silica glass at finite temperature; here the bare forces include binary and ternary interactions. Nevertheless, we can establish the validity of the universal law of the density of quasilocalized modes also in this richer and more realistic model glass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Guerra
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Bonfanti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Itamar Procaccia
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 China
| | - Stefano Zapperi
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhaumik H, Foffi G, Sastry S. Avalanches, Clusters, and Structural Change in Cyclically Sheared Silica Glass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:098001. [PMID: 35302798 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.098001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigate avalanches and clusters associated with plastic rearrangements and the nature of structural change in the prototypical strong glass, silica, computationally. We perform a detailed analysis of avalanches, and of spatially disconnected clusters that constitute them, for a wide range of system sizes. Although qualitative aspects of yielding in silica are similar to other glasses, the statistics of clusters exhibits significant differences, which we associate with differences in local structure. Across the yielding transition, anomalous structural change and densification, associated with a suppression of tetrahedral order, is observed to accompany strain localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himangsu Bhaumik
- Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Campus, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Giuseppe Foffi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Srikanth Sastry
- Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Campus, Bengaluru 560064, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Woo JH, Koo D, Kim NH, Kim H, Song MH, Park H, Kim JY. Amorphous Alumina Film Robust under Cyclic Deformation: a Highly Impermeable and a Highly Flexible Encapsulation Material. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:46894-46901. [PMID: 34546696 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The lack of highly impermeable and highly flexible encapsulation materials is slowing the development of flexible organic solar cells. Here, a transparent and low-temperature synthetic alumina single layer is suggested as a highly impermeable and a highly flexible encapsulation material for organic solar cells. While the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) is maintained up to 100,000 bending cycles for a 25 mm bending radius (corresponding to 8.1% of the elastic deformation limit), as measured by in situ tensile testing with free-standing 50 nm-thick alumina films, the WVTR degraded gradually depending on the bending radius and bending cycles for bending radii less than 25 mm. The degradation of the WVTR in cyclic deformation within the elastic deformation limit is investigated, and it is found to be due to the formation of pinholes by a bond-switching mechanism. Also, encapsulated organic solar cells with alumina films are found to maintain 80% of initial efficiency for 2 weeks even after cyclic bending with a 4 mm bending radius.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyun Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hyang Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangeul Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Richard D, Rainone C, Lerner E. Finite-size study of the athermal quasistatic yielding transition in structural glasses. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:056101. [PMID: 34364355 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Richard
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corrado Rainone
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edan Lerner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tauber J, Kok AR, van der Gucht J, Dussi S. The role of temperature in the rigidity-controlled fracture of elastic networks. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9975-9985. [PMID: 33034611 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01063d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the influence of thermal fluctuations on the fracture of elastic networks, via simulations of the uniaxial extension of central-force spring networks with varying rigidity. Studying their failure response, both at the macroscopic and microscopic level, we find that an increase in temperature corresponds to a more homogeneous stress (re)distribution and induces thermally activated failure of springs. As a consequence, the material strength decreases upon increasing temperature, the microscopic damage spreads over a larger area and a more ductile fracture process is observed. These effects are modulated by network rigidity and can therefore be tuned via the network connectivity and the rupture threshold of the springs. Knowledge of the interplay between temperature and rigidity improves our understanding of the fracture of elastic network materials, such as (biological) polymer networks, and can help to refine design principles for tough soft materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Tauber
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiao H, Ivancic RJS, Durian DJ. Strain localization and failure of disordered particle rafts with tunable ductility during tensile deformation. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8226-8236. [PMID: 32935714 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00839g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-static tensile experiments were performed for a model disordered solid consisting of a two-dimensional raft of polydisperse floating granular particles with capillary attractions. The ductility is tuned by controlling the capillary interaction range, which varies with the particle size. During the tensile tests, after an initial period of elastic deformation, strain localization occurs and leads to the formation of a shear band at which the pillar later fails. In this process, small particles with long-ranged interactions can endure large plastic deformation without forming significant voids, while large particles with short-range interactions fail dramatically by fracturing at small deformation. Particle-level structure was measured, and the strain-localized region was found to have higher structural anisotropy than the bulk. Local interactions between anisotropic sites and particle rearrangements were the main mechanisms driving strain localization and the subsequent failure, and significant differences of such interactions exist between ductile and brittle behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Xiao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Robert J S Ivancic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Douglas J Durian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bonfanti S, Guerra R, Mondal C, Procaccia I, Zapperi S. Universal Low-Frequency Vibrational Modes in Silica Glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:085501. [PMID: 32909803 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.085501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It was recently shown that different simple models of glass formers with binary interactions define a universality class in terms of the density of states of their quasilocalized low-frequency modes. Explicitly, once the hybridization with standard Debye (extended) modes is avoided, a number of such models exhibit a universal density of states, depending on the mode frequencies as D(ω)∼ω^{4}. It is unknown, however, how wide this universality class is, and whether it also pertains to more realistic models of glass formers. To address this issue we present analysis of the quasilocalized modes in silica, a network glass that has both binary and ternary interactions. We conclude that in three dimensions silica exhibits the very same frequency dependence at low frequencies, suggesting that this universal form is a generic consequence of amorphous glassiness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bonfanti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Guerra
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chandana Mondal
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Itamar Procaccia
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072 China
| | - Stefano Zapperi
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dussi S, Tauber J, van der Gucht J. Athermal Fracture of Elastic Networks: How Rigidity Challenges the Unavoidable Size-Induced Brittleness. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:018002. [PMID: 31976728 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.018002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
By performing extensive simulations with unprecedentedly large system sizes, we unveil how rigidity influences the fracture of disordered materials. We observe the largest damage in networks with connectivity close to the isostatic point and when the rupture thresholds are small. However, irrespective of network and spring properties, a more brittle fracture is observed upon increasing system size. Differently from most of the fracture descriptors, the maximum stress drop, a proxy for brittleness, displays a universal nonmonotonic dependence on system size. Based on this uncommon trend it is possible to identify the characteristic system size L^{*} at which brittleness kicks in. The more the disorder in network connectivity or in spring thresholds, the larger L^{*}. Finally, we speculate how this size-induced brittleness is influenced by thermal fluctuations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dussi
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Justin Tauber
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bonfanti S, Guerra R, Mondal C, Procaccia I, Zapperi S. Elementary plastic events in amorphous silica. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:060602. [PMID: 31962406 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plastic instabilities in amorphous materials are often studied using idealized models of binary mixtures that do not capture accurately molecular interactions and bonding present in real glasses. Here we study atomic-scale plastic instabilities in a three-dimensional molecular dynamics model of silica glass under quasistatic shear. We identify two distinct types of elementary plastic events, one is a standard quasilocalized atomic rearrangement while the second is a bond-breaking event that is absent in simplified models of fragile glass formers. Our results show that both plastic events can be predicted by a drop of the lowest nonzero eigenvalue of the Hessian matrix that vanishes at a critical strain. Remarkably, we find very high correlation between the associated eigenvectors and the nonaffine displacement fields accompanying the bond-breaking event, predicting the locus of structural failure. Both eigenvectors and nonaffine displacement fields display an Eshelby-like quadrupolar structure for both failure modes, rearrangement, and bond breaking. Our results thus clarify the nature of atomic-scale plastic instabilities in silica glasses, providing useful information for the development of mesoscale models of amorphous plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bonfanti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Guerra
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chandana Mondal
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Itamar Procaccia
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Center for Optical Imagery Analysis and Learning, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Stefano Zapperi
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- CNR (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|