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Zhao Y, Ni Q, Zhang W, Yu S. Progress in reeducating tumor-associated macrophages in tumor microenvironment. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:312. [PMID: 39060648 PMCID: PMC11282027 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumor, one of the most threatening diseases to human health, has been comprehensively treated with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy, but the prognosis has not always been ideal. In the past decade, immunotherapy has shown increased efficacy in tumor treatment; however, for immunotherapy to achieve its fullest potential, obstacles are to be conquered, among which tumor microenvironment (TME) has been widely investigated. In remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment to inhibit tumor progression, macrophages, as the most abundant innate immune population, play an irreplaceable role in the immune response. Therefore, how to remodel TME and alter the recruitment and polarization status of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) has been of wide interest. In this context, nanoparticles, photodynamic therapy and other therapeutic approaches capable of affecting macrophage polarization have emerged. In this paper, we categorize and organize the existing means and methods for reprogramming TAM to provide ideas for clinical application of novel tumor-related therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139, Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Qianyang Ni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139, Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139, Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Suyang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139, Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
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2
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Iyer K, Ivanov J, Tenchov R, Ralhan K, Rodriguez Y, Sasso JM, Scott S, Zhou QA. Emerging Targets and Therapeutics in Immuno-Oncology: Insights from Landscape Analysis. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8519-8544. [PMID: 38787632 PMCID: PMC11181335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In the ever-evolving landscape of cancer research, immuno-oncology stands as a beacon of hope, offering novel avenues for treatment. This study capitalizes on the vast repository of immuno-oncology-related scientific documents within the CAS Content Collection, totaling over 350,000, encompassing journals and patents. Through a pioneering approach melding natural language processing with the CAS indexing system, we unveil over 300 emerging concepts, depicted in a comprehensive "Trend Landscape Map". These concepts, spanning therapeutic targets, biomarkers, and types of cancers among others, are hierarchically organized into eight major categories. Delving deeper, our analysis furnishes detailed quantitative metrics showcasing growth trends over the past three years. Our findings not only provide valuable insights for guiding future research endeavors but also underscore the merit of tapping the vast and unparalleled breadth of existing scientific information to derive profound insights.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Ivanov
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | | | - Yacidzohara Rodriguez
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Janet M. Sasso
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sabina Scott
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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3
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Li K, Xie T, Li Y, Huang X. LncRNAs act as modulators of macrophages within the tumor microenvironment. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:363-377. [PMID: 38459912 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been established as pivotal players in various cellular processes, encompassing the regulation of transcription, translation and post-translational modulation of proteins, thereby influencing cellular functions. Notably, lncRNAs exert a regulatory influence on diverse biological processes, particularly in the context of tumor development. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exhibit the M2 phenotype, exerting significant impact on crucial processes such as tumor initiation, angiogenesis, metastasis and immune evasion. Elevated infiltration of TAMs into the tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely associated with a poor prognosis in various cancers. LncRNAs within TAMs play a direct role in regulating cellular processes. Functioning as integral components of tumor-derived exosomes, lncRNAs prompt the M2-like polarization of macrophages. Concurrently, reports indicate that lncRNAs in tumor cells contribute to the expression and release of molecules that modulate TAMs within the TME. These actions of lncRNAs induce the recruitment, infiltration and M2 polarization of TAMs, thereby providing critical support for tumor development. In this review, we survey recent studies elucidating the impact of lncRNAs on macrophage recruitment, polarization and function across different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Li
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- HuanKui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Xie
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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4
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Liang C, Zhang Y, Wang S, Jiao W, Guo J, Zhang N, Liu X. Nanomaterials in modulating tumor-associated macrophages and enhancing immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4809-4823. [PMID: 38695349 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00230j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are predominantly present in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a crucial role in shaping the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. These TAMs primarily exhibit a tumor-promoting M2-like phenotype, which is associated with the suppression of immune responses and facilitation of tumor progression. Interestingly, recent research has highlighted the potential of repolarizing TAMs from an M2 to a pro-inflammatory M1 status-a shift that has shown promise in impeding tumor growth and enhancing immune responsiveness. This concept is particularly intriguing as it offers a new dimension to cancer therapy by targeting the tumor microenvironment, which is a significant departure from traditional approaches that focus solely on tumor cells. However, the clinical application of TAM-modulating agents is often challenged by issues such as insufficient tumor accumulation and off-target effects, limiting their effectiveness and safety. In this regard, nanomaterials have emerged as a novel solution. They serve a dual role: as delivery vehicles that can enhance the accumulation of therapeutic agents in the tumor site and as TAM-modulators. This dual functionality of nanomaterials is a significant advancement as it addresses the key limitations of current TAM-modulating strategies and opens up new avenues for more efficient and targeted therapies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest mechanisms and strategies involving nanomaterials in modulating macrophage polarization within the TME. It delves into the intricate interactions between nanomaterials and macrophages, elucidating how these interactions can be exploited to drive macrophage polarization towards a phenotype that is more conducive to anti-tumor immunity. Additionally, the review explores the burgeoning field of TAM-associated nanomedicines in combination with tumor immunotherapy. This combination approach is particularly promising as it leverages the strengths of both nanomedicine and immunotherapy, potentially leading to synergistic effects in combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Wangbo Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences & School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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5
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Kuznetsova AB, Kolesova EP, Parodi A, Zamyatnin AA, Egorova VS. Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Macrophage Using Nanocarriers: New Perspectives to Halt Cancer Progression. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:636. [PMID: 38794298 PMCID: PMC11124960 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant challenge for public healthcare systems worldwide. Within the realm of cancer treatment, considerable attention is focused on understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME)-the complex network of non-cancerous elements surrounding the tumor. Among the cells in TME, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a central role, traditionally categorized as pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages or anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Within the TME, M2-like TAMs can create a protective environment conducive to tumor growth and progression. These TAMs secrete a range of factors and molecules that facilitate tumor angiogenesis, increased vascular permeability, chemoresistance, and metastasis. In response to this challenge, efforts are underway to develop adjuvant therapy options aimed at reprogramming TAMs from the M2 to the anti-tumor M1 phenotype. Such reprogramming holds promise for suppressing tumor growth, alleviating chemoresistance, and impeding metastasis. Nanotechnology has enabled the development of nanoformulations that may soon offer healthcare providers the tools to achieve targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release within the TME for TAM reprogramming and reduce drug-related adverse events. In this review, we have synthesized the latest data on TAM polarization in response to TME factors, highlighted the pathological effects of TAMs, and provided insights into existing nanotechnologies aimed at TAM reprogramming and depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyona B. Kuznetsova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.B.K.); (E.P.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Ekaterina P. Kolesova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.B.K.); (E.P.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.B.K.); (E.P.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.B.K.); (E.P.K.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera S. Egorova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.B.K.); (E.P.K.); (A.P.)
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6
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De Rubis G, Paudel KR, Corrie L, Mehndiratta S, Patel VK, Kumbhar PS, Manjappa AS, Disouza J, Patravale V, Gupta G, Manandhar B, Rajput R, Robinson AK, Reyes RJ, Chakraborty A, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Oliver BGG, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Applications and advancements of nanoparticle-based drug delivery in alleviating lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2793-2833. [PMID: 37991539 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02830-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Cigarette smoking is among the main aetiologic factors for both ailments. These diseases share common pathogenetic mechanisms including inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue remodelling. Current therapeutic approaches are limited by low efficacy and adverse effects. Consequentially, LC has a 5-year survival of < 20%, while COPD is incurable, underlining the necessity for innovative treatment strategies. Two promising emerging classes of therapy against these diseases include plant-derived molecules (phytoceuticals) and nucleic acid-based therapies. The clinical application of both is limited by issues including poor solubility, poor permeability, and, in the case of nucleic acids, susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, large size, and electrostatic charge density. Nanoparticle-based advanced drug delivery systems are currently being explored as flexible systems allowing to overcome these limitations. In this review, an updated summary of the most recent studies using nanoparticle-based advanced drug delivery systems to improve the delivery of nucleic acids and phytoceuticals for the treatment of LC and COPD is provided. This review highlights the enormous relevance of these delivery systems as tools that are set to facilitate the clinical application of novel categories of therapeutics with poor pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Samir Mehndiratta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Vyoma K Patel
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Popat S Kumbhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Arehalli Sidramappa Manjappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vasantidevi Patil Institute of Pharmacy, Kodoli, Kolkapur, Maharashtra, 416114, India
| | - John Disouza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India, Chennai, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Rashi Rajput
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Alexandra Kailie Robinson
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Ruby-Jean Reyes
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Amlan Chakraborty
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine (DIIIRM), School of Biological Sciences I Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Brian Gregory George Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
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Lu Q, Kou D, Lou S, Ashrafizadeh M, Aref AR, Canadas I, Tian Y, Niu X, Wang Y, Torabian P, Wang L, Sethi G, Tergaonkar V, Tay F, Yuan Z, Han P. Nanoparticles in tumor microenvironment remodeling and cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:16. [PMID: 38566199 PMCID: PMC10986145 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development have significantly improved the fight against cancers. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, particularly in the clinical delivery of immunomodulatory compounds. The tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising macrophages, fibroblasts, and immune cells, plays a crucial role in immune response modulation. Nanoparticles, engineered to reshape the TME, have shown promising results in enhancing immunotherapy by facilitating targeted delivery and immune modulation. These nanoparticles can suppress fibroblast activation, promote M1 macrophage polarization, aid dendritic cell maturation, and encourage T cell infiltration. Biomimetic nanoparticles further enhance immunotherapy by increasing the internalization of immunomodulatory agents in immune cells such as dendritic cells. Moreover, exosomes, whether naturally secreted by cells in the body or bioengineered, have been explored to regulate the TME and immune-related cells to affect cancer immunotherapy. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, activated by pH, redox, and light conditions, exhibit the potential to accelerate immunotherapy. The co-application of nanoparticles with immune checkpoint inhibitors is an emerging strategy to boost anti-tumor immunity. With their ability to induce long-term immunity, nanoarchitectures are promising structures in vaccine development. This review underscores the critical role of nanoparticles in overcoming current challenges and driving the advancement of cancer immunotherapy and TME modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Dongquan Kou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Shenghan Lou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Israel Canadas
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Public Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, USA
| | - Xiaojia Niu
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Pedram Torabian
- Cumming School of Medicine, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Franklin Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhennan Yuan
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology in Heilongjiang, Harbin, China.
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8
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Darya GH, Zare O, Karbalaei-Heidari HR, Zeinali S, Sheardown H, Rastegari B. Enzyme-responsive mannose-grafted magnetic nanoparticles for breast and liver cancer therapy and tumor-associated macrophage immunomodulation. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:663-677. [PMID: 38680108 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2347300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemo-immunotherapy modifies the tumor microenvironment to enhance the immune response and improve chemotherapy. This study introduces a dual-armed chemo-immunotherapy strategy combating breast tumor progression while re-polarizing Tumor-Associated Macrophage (TAM) using prodigiosin-loaded mannan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (PG@M-MNPs). METHODS The physicochemical properties of one-step synthetized M-MNPs were analyzed, including X-ray diffraction, FTIR, DLS, VSM, TEM, zeta potential analysis, and drug loading content were carried out. Biocompatibility, cancer specificity, cellular uptake, and distribution of PG@M-MNPs were investigated using fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression levels of IL-6 and ARG-1 after treatment with PG and PG@M-MNPs on M1 and M2 macrophage subsets were studied. RESULTS The M-MNPs were successfully synthesized and characterized, demonstrating a size below 100 nm. The release kinetics of PG from M-MNPs showed sustained and controlled patterns, with enzyme-triggered release. Cytotoxicity assessments revealed an enhanced selectivity of PG@M-MNPs against cancer cells and minimal effects on normal cells. Additionally, immuno-modulatory activity demonstrates the potential of PG@M-MNPs to change the polarization dynamics of macrophages. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the potential of a targeted approach to breast cancer treatment, offering new avenues for improved therapeutic outcomes and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Hossein Darya
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Zare
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Karbalaei-Heidari
- Molecular Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sedighe Zeinali
- Department of Nanochemical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Banafsheh Rastegari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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9
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Walther M, Jenke R, Aigner A, Ewe A. Efficient polymeric nanoparticles for RNAi in macrophage reveal complex effects on polarization markers upon knockdown of STAT3/STAT6. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114232. [PMID: 38395176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cell type in the tissue microenvironment, affecting tumor progression, metastasis and therapeutic response. Different macrophage activation ("polarization") states can be distinguished: resting (M0; non-activated), pro-inflammatory/anti-tumorigenic (M1) and anti-inflammatory/pro-tumorigenic (M2). When exploring macrophages as targets in novel cancer immunotherapy approaches, TAM repolarization from the M2 into the M1 phenotype is an intriguing strategy to block their pro-tumoral and enhance their anti-tumoral properties. In the context of RNAi-based gene knockdown of M2 promoting genes, major bottlenecks include cellular siRNA delivery and correct intracellular processing. This is particularly true in case of macrophages as a cell type well-known to be notoriously hard-to-transfect. Among polymeric nanocarriers, the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) is widely explored for delivering nucleic acids. Further advanced nanocarriers are tyrosine-modified polymers based on PEI or polypropylenimine dendrimers (PPI) for highly efficient siRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, we explored a panel of PEI- or PPI-based nanoparticle systems for siRNA-mediated gene knockdown efficacy in macrophages and subsequent TAM repolarization. The tyrosine-modified linear 10 kDa PEI (LP10Y) or branched 5 kDa PEI (P5Y) as well as a tyrosine-modified PPI (PPI-Y) were found most efficient for gene knockdown in macrophage cell lines or primary macrophages, independent of their polarization. Knockdown of STAT6 or STAT3 led to repolarization of M2 macrophages, as indicated by alterations in various M2 and M1 marker levels. This highly specific approach also demonstrated non-redundant functions of STAT3 and STAT6. Importantly, macrophage re-polarization from M2 to M1 upon PPI-Y/siRNA-mediated STAT6 knockdown increased tumor cell phagocytosis in a co-culture model. In conclusion, we identify certain tyrosine-modified PEI- or PPI-based nanoparticles as particularly efficient for macrophage transfection, and the specific, siRNA-mediated STAT6 knockdown as a promising approach for macrophage repolarization and enhancement of their tumor cell suppressive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Walther
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Jenke
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Leipzig University, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany.
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10
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Zhao Z, Chung YH, Steinmetz NF. Melanoma immunotherapy enabled by M2 macrophage targeted immunomodulatory cowpea mosaic virus. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 5:1473-1479. [PMID: 38380336 PMCID: PMC10876082 DOI: 10.1039/d3ma00820g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
We have developed nanoparticle formulations targeting M2 macrophages for cancer immunotherapy by conjugating high-affinity binding peptides to cowpea mosaic virus as an immunostimulatory adjuvant. We confirmed the targeting of and uptake by M2 macrophages in vitro and the therapeutic efficacy of the nanoparticles against murine melanoma in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchao Zhao
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Young Hun Chung
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
- Center for Engineering in Cancer, University of California 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
- Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
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11
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Liu M, Zhang R, Huang H, Liu P, Zhao X, Wu H, He Y, Xu R, Qin X, Cheng Z, Liu H, Ergonul O, Can F, Ouyang D, Wang Z, Pang Z, Liu F. Erythrocyte-Leveraged Oncolytic Virotherapy (ELeOVt): Oncolytic Virus Assembly on Erythrocyte Surface to Combat Pulmonary Metastasis and Alleviate Side Effects. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303907. [PMID: 37997186 PMCID: PMC10837356 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a new promising tool for cancer therapy, intravenous delivery of oncolytic viruses (OVs) is greatly limited by poor tumor targeting, rapid clearance in the blood, severe organ toxicity, and cytokine release syndrome. Herein, a simple and efficient strategy of erythrocyte-leveraged oncolytic virotherapy (ELeOVt) is reported, which for the first time assembled OVs on the surface of erythrocytes with up to near 100% efficiency and allowed targeted delivery of OVs to the lung after intravenous injection to achieve excellent treatment of pulmonary metastases while greatly improving the biocompatibility of OVs as a drug. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a bridge to assemble OVs on erythrocytes also played an important role in promoting the transfection of OVs. It is found that ELeOVt approach significantly prolonged the circulation time of OVs and increased the OVs distribution in the lung by more than tenfold, thereby significantly improving the treatment of lung metastases while reducing organ and systemic toxicity. Taken together, these findings suggest that the ELeOVt provides a biocompatible, efficient, and widely available approach to empower OVs to combat lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical University155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationShanghai201203China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal TumorsChina Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Ruizhe Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical University155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationShanghai201203China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal TumorsChina Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Hanwei Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical University155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationShanghai201203China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal TumorsChina Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical University155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal TumorsChina Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical University155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationShanghai201203China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal TumorsChina Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Hu Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical University155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationShanghai201203China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal TumorsChina Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Ying He
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationShanghai201203China
| | - Ruizhe Xu
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationShanghai201203China
| | - Xifeng Qin
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationShanghai201203China
| | - Zhenguo Cheng
- Sino‐British Research Centre for Molecular OncologyNational Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene TherapySchool of Basic Medical SciencesAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical University155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal TumorsChina Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Onder Ergonul
- Koç University Iş Bank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID)Koç University School of Medicine and American HospitalIstanbul34010Turkey
| | - Füsun Can
- Koç University Iş Bank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID)Koç University School of Medicine and American HospitalIstanbul34010Turkey
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS)University of MacauMacau999078China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical University155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal TumorsChina Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan University and Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationShanghai201203China
| | - Funan Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical University155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal TumorsChina Medical UniversityMinistry of Education155 North Nanjing Street, Heping DistrictShenyang110001China
- Phase I Clinical Trials CenterThe First HospitalChina Medical University518 North Chuangxin Road, Baita Street, Hunnan DistrictShenyangLiaoning110102China
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12
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Cornice J, Verzella D, Arboretto P, Vecchiotti D, Capece D, Zazzeroni F, Franzoso G. NF-κB: Governing Macrophages in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:197. [PMID: 38397187 PMCID: PMC10888451 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), where they sustain tumor progression and or-tumor immunity. Due to their plasticity, macrophages can exhibit anti- or pro-tumor functions through the expression of different gene sets leading to distinct macrophage phenotypes: M1-like or pro-inflammatory and M2-like or anti-inflammatory. NF-κB transcription factors are central regulators of TAMs in cancers, where they often drive macrophage polarization toward an M2-like phenotype. Therefore, the NF-κB pathway is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy in a wide range of human tumors. Hence, targeting NF-κB pathway in the myeloid compartment is a potential clinical strategy to overcome microenvironment-induced immunosuppression and increase anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we discuss the role of NF-κB as a key driver of macrophage functions in tumors as well as the principal strategies to overcome tumor immunosuppression by targeting the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cornice
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (J.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Daniela Verzella
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.V.); (D.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Paola Arboretto
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (J.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Davide Vecchiotti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.V.); (D.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Daria Capece
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.V.); (D.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.V.); (D.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Guido Franzoso
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (J.C.); (P.A.)
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13
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Dang BTN, Kwon TK, Lee S, Jeong JH, Yook S. Nanoparticle-based immunoengineering strategies for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2024; 365:773-800. [PMID: 38081328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a groundbreaking strategy that has revolutionized the field of oncology compared to other therapeutic strategies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. However, cancer complexity, tumor heterogeneity, and immune escape have become the main hurdles to the clinical application of immunotherapy. Moreover, conventional immunotherapies cause many harmful side effects owing to hyperreactivity in patients, long treatment durations and expensive cost. Nanotechnology is considered a transformative approach that enhances the potency of immunotherapy by capitalizing on the superior physicochemical properties of nanocarriers, creating highly targeted tissue delivery systems. These advantageous features include a substantial specific surface area, which enhances the interaction with the immune system. In addition, the capability to finely modify surface chemistry enables the achievement of controlled and sustained release properties. These advances have significantly increased the potential of immunotherapy, making it more powerful than ever before. In this review, we introduce recent nanocarriers for application in cancer immunotherapy based on strategies that target different main immune cells, including T cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. We also provide an overview of the role and significance of nanotechnology in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Simmyung Yook
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Hu S, Liang Y, Chen J, Gao X, Zheng Y, Wang L, Jiang J, Zeng M, Luo M. Mechanisms of hydrogel-based microRNA delivery systems and its application strategies in targeting inflammatory diseases. J Tissue Eng 2024; 15:20417314241265897. [PMID: 39092451 PMCID: PMC11292707 DOI: 10.1177/20417314241265897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels, composed of three-dimensional polymer networks, are excellent delivery carriers and have been extensively employed in the biomedical field. Inflammation acts as a protective mechanism to prevent harmful substances from entering living organisms, but chronic, long-lasting inflammation can cause oxidative stress, which damages tissue and organs and adversely affects patients' quality of life. The aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been found to play a significant part in the etiology and progression of inflammatory diseases, as suggested by growing evidence. Numerous hydrogels that can act as gene carriers for the intracellular delivery of miRNA have been described during ongoing research into innovative hydrogel materials. MiRNA hydrogel delivery systems, which are loaded with exogenous miRNA inhibitors or mimics, enable targeted miRNA intervention in inflammatory diseases and effectively prevent environmental stressors from degrading or inactivating miRNA. In this review, we summarize the classification of miRNA hydrogel delivery systems, the basic strategies and mechanisms for loading miRNAs into hydrogels, highlight the biomedical applications of miRNA hydrogel delivery systems in inflammatory diseases, and share our viewpoints on potential opportunities and challenges in the promising region of miRNA delivery systems. These findings may provide a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of inflammation-related diseases and lay the foundation for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorun Hu
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinxiang Chen
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojun Gao
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Youkun Zheng
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao Luo
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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15
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Wang J, Li L, Xu ZP. Enhancing Cancer Chemo-Immunotherapy: Innovative Approaches for Overcoming Immunosuppression by Functional Nanomaterials. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301005. [PMID: 37743260 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a critical modality in cancer therapy to combat malignant cell proliferation by directly attacking cancer cells and inducing immunogenic cell death, serving as a vital component of multi-modal treatment strategies for enhanced therapeutic outcomes. However, chemotherapy may inadvertently contribute to the immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment (TME), inducing the suppression of antitumor immune responses, which can ultimately affect therapeutic efficacy. Chemo-immunotherapy, combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment, has emerged as a ground-breaking approach to target and eliminate malignant tumors and revolutionize the treatment landscape, offering promising, durable responses for various malignancies. Notably, functional nanomaterials have substantially contributed to chemo-immunotherapy by co-delivering chemo-immunotherapeutic agents and modulating TME. In this review, recent advancements in chemo-immunotherapy are thus summarized to enhance treatment effectiveness, achieved by reversing the immunosuppressive TME (ITME) through the exploitation of immunotherapeutic drugs, or immunoregulatory nanomaterials. The effects of two-way immunomodulation and the causes of immunoaugmentation and suppression during chemotherapy are illustrated. The current strategies of chemo-immunotherapy to surmount the ITME and the functional materials to target and regulate the ITME are discussed and compared. The perspective on tumor immunosuppression reversal strategy is finally proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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16
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Zhu L, Wu J, Gao H, Wang T, Xiao G, Hu C, Lin Q, Zhou Q. Tumor immune microenvironment-modulated nanostrategy for the treatment of lung cancer metastasis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2787-2801. [PMID: 37442772 PMCID: PMC10686602 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT As one of the most malignant tumors worldwide, lung cancer, fueled by metastasis, has shown rising mortality rates. However, effective clinical strategies aimed at preventing metastasis are lacking owing to its dynamic multi-step, complicated, and progressive nature. Immunotherapy has shown promise in treating cancer metastasis by reversing the immunosuppressive network of the tumor microenvironment. However, drug resistance inevitably develops due to inadequate delivery of immunostimulants and an uncontrolled immune response. Consequently, adverse effects occur, such as autoimmunity, from the non-specific immune activation and non-specific inflammation in off-target organs. Nanocarriers that improve drug solubility, permeability, stability, bioavailability, as well as sustained, controlled, and targeted delivery can effectively overcome drug resistance and enhance the therapeutic effect while reducing adverse effects. In particular, nanomedicine-based immunotherapy can be utilized to target tumor metastasis, presenting a promising therapeutic strategy for lung cancer. Nanotechnology strategies that boost the immunotherapy effect are classified based on the metastatic cascade related to the tumor immune microenvironment; the breaking away of primary tumors, circulating tumor cell dissemination, and premetastatic niche formation cause distant secondary site colonization. In this review, we focus on the opportunities and challenges of integrating immunotherapy with nanoparticle formulation to establish nanotechnology-based immunotherapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment for preclinical and clinical applications in the management of patients with metastatic lung cancer. We also discuss prospects for the emerging field and the clinical translation potential of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhu
- Lung Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Out-patient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Honglin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Lung Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Guixiu Xiao
- Lung Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chenggong Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Lung Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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17
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Gheybi F, Khooei A, Hoseinian A, Doagooyan M, Houshangi K, Jaafari MR, Papi A, Khoddamipour Z, Sahebkar A, Alavizadeh SH. Alleviation of acetaminophen-induced liver failure using silibinin nanoliposomes: An in vivo study. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 676:103-108. [PMID: 37506470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (Act) overdose is a known inducer of liver failure in both children and adults. Cell annihilation ensues following acetaminophen overdose and its toxic metabolites by depleting cellular GSH storage and increasing ROS levels. Silymarin extract and its major compound silibinin (SLB) possess robust antioxidant properties by inducing ROS elimination; however, low bioavailability and rapid metabolism limit their applications. Herein, we aimed at using SLB liposomes to combat acetaminophen-induced acute liver toxicity. METHODS We have developed a SLB-lipid complex to improve SLB loading efficiency within nanoliposome by using the lipid film method. Liposomes were characterized by using DLS and TEM analysis, and the release pattern, and toxicity profile on the normal cells as well as histopathological and serum analysis were investigated to reveal relevant enzyme activities in an animal model. RESULTS Data demonstrated that negatively-charged SLB liposomes of 115 nm had homogeneous spherical morphology, and entrapped a considerable quantity of SLB of almost 40%. Liposomes shows a favorable release pattern and were not toxic against NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. The animal study revealed that treatment of mice with SLB nanoliposomes could significantly preserve liver function as revealed by the reduced levels of ALT and AST hepatic enzymes as well as ALP in the serum. Our data indicated that intraperitoneal administration of SLB Lip could significantly reduce ALT enzyme levels (p < 0.05) compared to N-acetylcysteine, while i.v administration resulted in no significant difference compared to control animals with no treatment. CONCLUSION The results of this study support the significant hepatoprotective effect of SLB nanoliposomes against acetaminophen-induced toxicity depending on the route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Gheybi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Khooei
- Department of Pathology, Imam Reza Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azam Hoseinian
- Department of Pathology, Imam Reza Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maham Doagooyan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kebria Houshangi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Papi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Khoddamipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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18
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Saadh MJ, Baher H, Li Y, Chaitanya M, Arias-Gonzáles JL, Allela OQB, Mahdi MH, Carlos Cotrina-Aliaga J, Lakshmaiya N, Ahjel S, Amin AH, Gilmer Rosales Rojas G, Ameen F, Ahsan M, Akhavan-Sigari R. The bioengineered and multifunctional nanoparticles in pancreatic cancer therapy: Bioresponisive nanostructures, phototherapy and targeted drug delivery. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116490. [PMID: 37354932 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The multidisciplinary approaches in treatment of cancer appear to be essential in term of bringing benefits of several disciplines and their coordination in tumor elimination. Because of the biological and malignant features of cancer cells, they have ability of developing resistance to conventional therapies such as chemo- and radio-therapy. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant disease of gastrointestinal tract in which chemotherapy and radiotherapy are main tools in its treatment, and recently, nanocarriers have been emerged as promising structures in its therapy. The bioresponsive nanocarriers are able to respond to pH and redox, among others, in targeted delivery of cargo for specific treatment of PC. The loading drugs on the nanoparticles that can be synthetic or natural compounds, can help in more reduction in progression of PC through enhancing their intracellular accumulation in cancer cells. The encapsulation of genes in the nanoparticles can protect against degradation and promotes intracellular accumulation in tumor suppression. A new kind of therapy for cancer is phototherapy in which nanoparticles can stimulate both photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy through hyperthermia and ROS overgeneration to trigger cell death in PC. Therefore, synergistic therapy of phototherapy with chemotherapy is performed in accelerating tumor suppression. One of the important functions of nanotechnology is selective targeting of PC cells in reducing side effects on normal cells. The nanostructures are capable of being surface functionalized with aptamers, proteins and antibodies to specifically target PC cells in suppressing their progression. Therefore, a specific therapy for PC is provided and future implications for diagnosis of PC is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan; Applied Science Research Center. Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala Baher
- Department of Radiology and Ultrasonography Techniques, College of Medical Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yuanji Li
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Mvnl Chaitanya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - José Luis Arias-Gonzáles
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Natrayan Lakshmaiya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Salam Ahjel
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Ali H Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ahsan
- Department of Measurememts and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Tiong TY, Chan ML, Wang CH, Yadav VK, Pikatan NW, Fong IH, Yeh CT, Kuo KT, Huang WC. Exosomal miR-21 determines lung-to-brain metastasis specificity through the DGKB/ERK axis within the tumor microenvironment. Life Sci 2023; 329:121945. [PMID: 37454756 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastasis affects 20-40 % of lung cancer patients, severely diminishing their quality of life. This research focuses on miR-21, overexpressed in these patients and inversely associated with DGKB in the ERK/STAT3 pathway, suggesting a dysregulated pathway with therapeutic potential. AIMS The objective was to investigate miR-21's role in lung cancer patients with brain metastases and whether targeting this pathway could improve treatment outcomes. We also examined the miR-21 content in tumor spheres-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their influence on ERK/STAT3 signaling and metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor spheres were created from metastatic lung cancer cells. We studied miR-21 levels in these spheres, their impact on macrophage polarization, and the transition of nonmetastatic lung cancer cells. Furthermore, we analyzed miR-21 content in EVs derived from these spheres and their effect on ERK/STAT3 signaling and metastasis potential. KEY FINDINGS We found tumor spheres had high miR-21 levels, promoting macrophage polarization and, epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These spheres-derived EVs, enriched with miR-21, accelerated ERK/STAT3 signaling and metastasis. Silencing miR-21 and inhibiting ERK signaling with ulixertinib notably mitigated these effects. Moreover, ulixertinib reduced brain metastasis incidence and increased survival in a mouse model and led to reduced tumor sphere generation and miR-21 levels in EVs. SIGNIFICANCE Our study highlights the exacerbation of lung-to-brain metastasis via miR-21-rich EV secretion. This underlines the therapeutic promise of targeting the miR-21/ERK/STAT3 pathway with ulixertinib for managing brain metastasis from lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Yu Tiong
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lin Chan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Vijesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Narpati Wesa Pikatan
- Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; Continuing Education Program of Food Biotechnology Applications, College of Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tai Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
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20
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Cui J, Hu B, Fu Y, Xu Z, Li Y. pH-Sensitive nanodiamond co-delivery of retinal and doxorubicin boosts breast cancer chemotherapy. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27403-27414. [PMID: 37711368 PMCID: PMC10498152 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03907b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein for the first time we take the advantage of nanodiamonds (NDs) to covalently immobilize all-trans retinal (NPA) by an imine bond, allowing pH-mediated drug release. DOX is then physically adsorbed onto NPA to form an NPA@D co-loaded double drug in the sodium citrate medium, which is also susceptible to pH-triggered DOX dissociation. The cytotoxicity results showed that NPA@D could markedly inhibit the growth of DOX-sensitive MCF-7 cells in a synergetic way compared to the NP@D system of single-loaded DOX, while NPA basically showed no cytotoxicity and weak inhibition of migration. In addition, NPA@D can overcome the drug resistance of MCF-7/ADR cells, indicating that this nanodrug could evade the pumping of DOX by drug-resistant cells, but free DOX is nearly ineffective against these cells. More importantly, the fluorescence imaging of tumor-bearing mice in vivo and ex vivo demonstrated that the NPA@D was mainly accumulated in the tumor site rather than any other organ by intraperitoneal injection after 24 h, in which the fluorescence intensity of NPA@D was 19 times that of the free DOX, suggesting that a far reduced off-target effect and side effects would be expected. Therefore, this work presents a new paradigm for improving chemotherapy and reversing drug resistance using the ND platform for co-delivery of DOX and ATR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 P. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- China Institute for Radiation Protection Taiyuan 030006 P. R. China
| | - Yuejun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Zhengkun Xu
- Faculty of Science, McMaster University Hamilton L8S 4K1 ON Canada
| | - Yingqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 PR China
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21
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Zheng J, Jiang J, Pu Y, Xu T, Sun J, Zhang Q, He L, Liang X. Tumor-associated macrophages in nanomaterial-based anti-tumor therapy: as target spots or delivery platforms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1248421. [PMID: 37654704 PMCID: PMC10466823 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1248421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has emerged as a promising approach in cancer therapy. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the field of nanomedicines targeting TAMs. According to the crucial role of TAMs in tumor progression, strategies to inhibit macrophage recruitment, suppress TAM survival, and transform TAM phenotypes are discussed as potential therapeutic avenues. To enhance the targeting capacity of nanomedicines, various approaches such as the use of ligands, immunoglobulins, and short peptides are explored. The utilization of live programmed macrophages, macrophage cell membrane-coated nanoparticles and macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles as drug delivery platforms is also highlighted, offering improved biocompatibility and prolonged circulation time. However, challenges remain in achieving precise targeting and controlled drug release. The heterogeneity of TAMs and the variability of surface markers pose hurdles in achieving specific recognition. Furthermore, the safety and clinical applicability of these nanomedicines requires further investigation. In conclusion, nanomedicines targeting TAMs hold great promise in cancer therapy, offering enhanced specificity and reduced side effects. Addressing the existing limitations and expanding our understanding of TAM biology will pave the way for the successful translation of these nano-therapies into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yicheng Pu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingrui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiantong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Cheng D, Ge K, Yao X, Wang B, Chen R, Zhao W, Fang C, Ji M. Tumor-associated macrophages mediate resistance of EGFR-TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer: mechanisms and prospects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209947. [PMID: 37649478 PMCID: PMC10463184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the first-line standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutation. However, resistance to EGFR-TKIs is inevitable. Currently, most studies on the mechanism of EGFR-TKIs resistance mainly focus on the spontaneous resistance phenotype of NSCLC cells. Studies have shown that the tumor microenvironment (TME) also mediates EGFR-TKIs resistance in NSCLC. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), one of the central immune cells in the TME of NSCLC, play an essential role in mediating EGFR-TKIs resistance. This study aims to comprehensively review the current mechanisms underlying TAM-mediated resistance to EGFR-TKIs and discuss the potential efficacy of combining EGFR-TKIs with targeted TAMs therapy. Combining EGFR-TKIs with TAMs targeting may improve the prognosis of NSCLC with EGFR mutation to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheng Fang
- Departments of Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Mei Ji
- Departments of Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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23
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Shao J, Jin Y, Jin C. A new approach to overcoming resistance to immunotherapy: nanotechnology. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1210245. [PMID: 37637050 PMCID: PMC10457008 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1210245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for immune response has ushered in a new era of cancer treatment. In recent years, new immunotherapeutic agents have been introduced into clinical trials and even approved for marketing. However, the widespread use of immunotherapeutic agents faces an unavoidable challenge: immunotherapy does not work at all for some patients, or has good efficacy in the initial phase, but immunotherapy resistance develops within a short period of time, and immunotherapy can also cause serious adverse effects such as autoimmune inflammation and non-specific inflammation. How to enable patients to overcome drug resistance, reduce the toxic side effects of drugs, enhance patient compliance and improve patient survival has become a problem that clinicians have to face. The advent of nanotechnology provides an encouraging platform for immunotherapy. It can not only improve the bioavailability and stability of drugs and reduce toxic side effects, but also reduce resistance to immunotherapy. Here, we discuss these research advances and discuss potential challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Shao
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunxiang Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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24
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Xiao Y, Hu X, Jiang P, Qi Z. Thermos-responsive hydrogel system encapsulated engineered exosomes attenuate inflammation and oxidative damage in acute spinal cord injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1216878. [PMID: 37614633 PMCID: PMC10442716 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1216878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious and disabling condition, and the effectiveness of conventional treatment is limited, such as supportive treatment and emergency surgery. Exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC-Exos) have potential therapeutic effects on SCI but are limited by delivery efficiency. Our study aimed to further investigate the therapeutic effects of miR-138-modified UCMSC-exosomes (Exos-138) following SCI. Methods: We developed an injectable triblock polymer of polyglycolic acid copolymer and polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG-PLGA)-loaded temperature-sensitive hydrogel of miR-138-modified stem cell exosomes and characterised its biocompatibility in vitro. In Sprague-Dawley rats with SCI, the hydrogel was injected into the injury site, behavioural scores were measured, and pathological analysis was conducted postoperatively to assess neurological recovery. Results: In vitro, our data demonstrated that miR-138-5p-modified UCMSC-Exos can reduce inflammation levels in BV-2 cells through the NLRP3-caspase1 signalling pathway and reduce neuronal apoptosis by downregulating intracellular reactive oxygen species levels through the Nrf2-keap1 signalling cascade. The results of in vivo experiments showed that the P-Exos-138 hydrogel promoted neurological recovery in rats with SCI. Discussion: Our study explored a novel exosome delivery system that can be a potential therapeutic strategy for SCI. Our study, currently, has theoretical value; however, it can serve as a basis for further investigations on the treatment approaches at various stages of SCI development in inflammation-dependent injury of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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25
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Yoon J, Le XT, Kim J, Lee H, Nguyen NT, Lee WT, Lee ES, Oh KT, Choi HG, Youn YS. Macrophage-reprogramming upconverting nanoparticles for enhanced TAM-mediated antitumor therapy of hypoxic breast cancer. J Control Release 2023; 360:482-495. [PMID: 37423526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to achieve antitumor effects by switching the phenotype of macrophages from the tumor-promoting M2 type to the tumor-suppressing M1 type, we fabricated mannose-decorated/macrophage membrane-coated, silica-layered NaErF4@NaLuF4 upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) co-doped with perfluorocarbon (PFC)/chlorin e6 (Ce6) and loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) (UCNP@mSiO2-PFC/Ce6@RAW-Man/PTX: ∼61 nm; -11.6 mV). These nanoparticles were designed to have two major functionalities, (i) efficient singlet oxygen generation aided by an oxygen supply and (ii) good targeting to tumor-associated macrophage (TAMs) (M2-type), to induce polarization to M1 type macrophages that release proinflammatory cytokines and suppress breast cancers. The primary UCNPs consisted of lanthanide elements (erbium and lutetium) in a core@shell structure, and they facilely emitted 660 nm light in response to a deep-penetrating 808 nm near-infrared laser. Moreover, the UCNPs@mSiO2-PFC/Ce6@RAW-Man/PTX were able to release O2 and generate 1O2 because of the co-doped PFC/Ce6 and upconversion. Our nanocarriers' excellent uptake to RAW 264.7 macrophage cells (M2 type) and efficient M1-type polarization activity were clearly demonstrated using qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence-based confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our nanocarriers displayed significant cytotoxicity to 4T1 cells in 2D culture and 3D co-culture systems of 4T1/RAW 264.7 cells. More importantly, UCNPs@mSiO2-PFC/Ce6@RAW-Man/PTX (+808 nm laser) noticeably suppressed tumor growth in 4T1-xenografted mice, compared with the other treatment groups (332.4 vs. 709.5-1185.5 mm3). We attribute this antitumor efficacy to the prominent M1-type macrophage polarization caused by our nanocarriers through efficient ROS/O2 generation and targeting of M2-type TAMs via mannose ligands on coated macrophage-membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johyun Yoon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan Thien Le
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Juho Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Thi Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Tak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Taek Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Hogan KJ, Perez MR, Mikos AG. Extracellular matrix component-derived nanoparticles for drug delivery and tissue engineering. J Control Release 2023; 360:888-912. [PMID: 37482344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of a complex combination of proteins, proteoglycans, and other biomolecules. ECM-based materials have been demonstrated to have high biocompatibility and bioactivity, which may be harnessed for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Herein, nanoparticles incorporating ECM-based materials and their applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering are reviewed. Proteins such as gelatin, collagen, and fibrin as well as glycosaminoglycans including hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and heparin have been employed for cancer therapeutic delivery, gene delivery, and wound healing and regenerative medicine. Strategies for modifying and functionalizing these materials with synthetic and natural polymers or to enable stimuli-responsive degradation and drug release have increased the efficacy of these materials and nano-systems. The incorporation and modification of ECM-based materials may be used to drive drug targeting and increase tissue-specific cell differentiation more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Hogan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marissa R Perez
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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27
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Jang H, Ojha U, Jeong JH, Park KG, Lee SY, Lee YM. Myriocin suppresses tumor growth by modulating macrophage polarization and function through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:629-645. [PMID: 37468765 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages within the tumor microenvironment (TME), referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are involved in various aspects of tumor progression including initiation, angiogenesis, metastasis, immunosuppression, and resistance to therapy. Myriocin, a natural compound isolated from Mycelia sterilia, is an immunosuppressant that inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of myriocin on TAMs and TAM-mediated tumor growth have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we determined the effects of myriocin on TAMs and the underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. Myriocin significantly suppressed monocyte-macrophage differentiation and M2 polarization of macrophages but not M1 polarization. In addition, myriocin inhibited the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and secretion of proangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, in M2 macrophages as well as M2-induced endothelial cell permeability. Myriocin also inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in M2 macrophages. Myriocin reduced the population of M2-like TAMs within the tumor tissue of a mouse allograft tumor model but not that of M1-like TAMs. Moreover, combined treatment with myriocin and cisplatin synergistically suppressed tumor growth and enhanced survival rate in mice by reducing the population of M2-like TAMs. Overall, these results suggest that myriocin inhibits tumor growth by remodeling the TME through suppression of differentiation and polarization of M2-like TAMs via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonha Jang
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Uttam Ojha
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hak Jeong
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - You Mie Lee
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Fernández-Mariño I, Anfray C, Crecente-Campo J, Maeda A, Ummarino A, Teijeiro-Valiño C, Blanco-Martinez D, Mpambani F, Poul L, Devalliere J, Germain M, Correa J, Fernandez-Villamarin M, Allavena P, Fernandez-Megia E, Alonso MJ, Andón FT. Mannose-modified hyaluronic acid nanocapsules for the targeting of tumor-associated macrophages. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1896-1911. [PMID: 36472784 PMCID: PMC10238357 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), a class of immune cells that play a key role in tumor immunosuppression, are recognized as important targets to improve cancer prognosis and treatment. Consequently, the engineering of drug delivery nanocarriers that can reach TAMs has acquired special relevance. This work describes the development and biological evaluation of a panel of hyaluronic acid (HA) nanocapsules (NCs), with different compositions and prepared by different techniques, designed to target macrophages. The results showed that plain HA NCs did not significantly influence the polarization of M0 and M2-like macrophages towards an M1-like pro-inflammatory phenotype; however, the chemical functionalization of HA with mannose (HA-Man) led to a significant increase of NCs uptake by M2 macrophages in vitro and to an improved biodistribution in a MN/MNCA1 fibrosarcoma mouse model with high infiltration of TAMs. These functionalized HA-Man NCs showed a higher accumulation in the tumor compared to non-modified HA NCs. Finally, the pre-administration of the liposomal liver occupying agent Nanoprimer™ further increased the accumulation of the HA-Man NCs in the tumor. This work highlights the promise shown by the HA-Man NCs to target TAMs and thus provides new options for the development of nanomedicine and immunotherapy-based cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Fernández-Mariño
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Clément Anfray
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, 20072, Italy
| | - Jose Crecente-Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Akihiro Maeda
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, 20072, Italy
| | - Aldo Ummarino
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, 20072, Italy
| | - Carmen Teijeiro-Valiño
- Nanomag Laboratory, Applied Physics Department, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Dario Blanco-Martinez
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | | | - Laurence Poul
- , Curadigm 60 rue de Wattignies, Paris, 75012, France
| | | | | | - Juan Correa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Marcos Fernandez-Villamarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Paola Allavena
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, 20072, Italy
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Megia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Fernando Torres Andón
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milan, 20072, Italy.
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Jiang P, Liang B, Zhang Z, Fan B, Zeng L, Zhou Z, Mao Z, Xu Q, Yao W, Shen Q. New insights into nanosystems for non-small-cell lung cancer: diagnosis and treatment. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19540-19564. [PMID: 37388143 PMCID: PMC10300523 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03099g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is caused by a malignant tumor that shows the fastest growth in both incidence and mortality and is also the greatest threat to human health and life. At present, both in terms of incidence and mortality, lung cancer is the first in male malignant tumors, and the second in female malignant tumors. In the past two decades, research and development of antitumor drugs worldwide have been booming, and a large number of innovative drugs have entered clinical trials and practice. In the era of precision medicine, the concept and strategy of cancer from diagnosis to treatment are experiencing unprecedented changes. The ability of tumor diagnosis and treatment has rapidly improved, the discovery rate and cure rate of early tumors have greatly improved, and the overall survival of patients has benefited significantly, with a tendency to transform to a chronic disease with tumor. The emergence of nanotechnology brings new horizons for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials with good biocompatibility have played an important role in tumor imaging, diagnosis, drug delivery, controlled drug release, etc. This article mainly reviews the advancements in lipid-based nanosystems, polymer-based nanosystems, and inorganic nanosystems in the diagnosis and treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College No. 152 Aiguo Road, Donghu District Nanchang 330006 China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College No. 152 Aiguo Road, Donghu District Nanchang 330006 China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College Nanchang China
| | - Bing Fan
- Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College Nanchang China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College No. 152 Aiguo Road, Donghu District Nanchang 330006 China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College No. 152 Aiguo Road, Donghu District Nanchang 330006 China
| | - Zhifang Mao
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College No. 152 Aiguo Road, Donghu District Nanchang 330006 China
| | - Quan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College Nanchang China
| | - Weirong Yao
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College No. 152 Aiguo Road, Donghu District Nanchang 330006 China
| | - Qinglin Shen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College No. 152 Aiguo Road, Donghu District Nanchang 330006 China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College Nanchang China
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Li X, Chen H, Wang Y, Chen H, Gao Y. BODIPY-Based NO Probe for Macrophage-Targeted Immunotherapy Response Monitoring. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7320-7328. [PMID: 37113062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Precise and rapid detection of immune responses is critical for timely therapeutic regimen adjustment. Immunomodulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from a protumorigenic phenotype (M2) to an antitumorigenic phenotype (M1) is crucial in macrophage-targeted immunotherapy. Herein, we developed a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based fluorescence probe BDP3 to detect the immune responses after immunotherapy by monitoring the nitric oxide (NO) released by M1 TAMs. With an aromatic primary monoamine structure and a p-methoxyanilin electron donor in the meso-position, BDP3 not only specifically activates stable and sensitive fluorescence by NO via a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process but also achieves a long emission wavelength for efficient in vitro and in vivo imaging. Such NO-induced fluorescence signals of BDP3 are validated to correlate well with the phenotypes of TAMs detected in macrophage cell lines and tumor tissues. The distinct sensing effects toward two types of clinically used immunotherapeutic drugs further confirm the ability of BDP3 for specific monitoring of the M1/M2 switch in response to the macrophage-targeted immunotherapy. By virtue of good biocompatibility and appropriate tumor retention time, BDP3 could be a potential fluorescent probe for noninvasive evaluation of the immunotherapeutic efficacy of macrophage-targeted immunotherapy in living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Centre, College of Chemistry, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yuran Wang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Centre, College of Chemistry, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Centre, College of Chemistry, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Doroudian M, Zanganeh S, Abbasgholinejad E, Donnelly SC. Nanomedicine in Lung Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1144653. [PMID: 37008041 PMCID: PMC10064145 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1144653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer death worldwide. Cancer immunotherapy has been introduced as a promising and effective treatment that can improve the immune system’s ability to eliminate cancer cells and help establish immunological memory. Nanoparticles can contribute to the rapidly evolving field of immunotherapy by simultaneously delivering a variety of immunological agents to the target site and tumor microenvironment. Nano drug delivery systems can precisely target biological pathways and be implemented to reprogram or regulate immune responses. Numerous investigations have been conducted to employ different types of nanoparticles for immunotherapy of lung cancer. Nano-based immunotherapy adds a strong tool to the diverse collection of cancer therapies. This review briefly summarizes the remarkable potential opportunities for nanoparticles in lung cancer immunotherapy and its challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Doroudian
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Zanganeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Abbasgholinejad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seamas C. Donnelly
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Seamas C. Donnelly,
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Nordin AH, Husna SMN, Ahmad Z, Nordin ML, Ilyas RA, Azemi AK, Ismail N, Siti NH, Ngadi N, Azami MSM, Mohamad Norpi AS, Reduan MFH, Osman AY, Pratama DAOA, Nabgan W, Shaari R. Natural Polymeric Composites Derived from Animals, Plants, and Microbes for Vaccine Delivery and Adjuvant Applications: A Review. Gels 2023; 9:227. [PMID: 36975676 PMCID: PMC10048722 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A key element in ensuring successful immunization is the efficient delivery of vaccines. However, poor immunogenicity and adverse inflammatory immunogenic reactions make the establishment of an efficient vaccine delivery method a challenging task. The delivery of vaccines has been performed via a variety of delivery methods, including natural-polymer-based carriers that are relatively biocompatible and have low toxicity. The incorporation of adjuvants or antigens into biomaterial-based immunizations has demonstrated better immune response than formulations that just contain the antigen. This system may enable antigen-mediated immunogenicity and shelter and transport the cargo vaccine or antigen to the appropriate target organ. In this regard, this work reviews the recent applications of natural polymer composites from different sources, such as animals, plants, and microbes, in vaccine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hassan Nordin
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Siti Muhamad Nur Husna
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Zuliahani Ahmad
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Luqman Nordin
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Centre for Veterinary Vaccinology (VetVaCC), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Khusairi Azemi
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Noraznawati Ismail
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nordin Hawa Siti
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Norzita Ngadi
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Abdin Shakirin Mohamad Norpi
- Faculty Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Centre for Veterinary Vaccinology (VetVaCC), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdinasir Yusuf Osman
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, Hertfordshire, UK
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health, Corso Somalia Street, Shingani, Mogadishu P.O. Box 22, Somalia
| | | | - Walid Nabgan
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rumaizi Shaari
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Jain N, Srinivasarao DA, Famta P, Shah S, Vambhurkar G, Shahrukh S, Singh SB, Srivastava S. The portrayal of macrophages as tools and targets: A paradigm shift in cancer management. Life Sci 2023; 316:121399. [PMID: 36646378 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a major role in maintaining an organism's physiology, such as development, homeostasis, tissue repair, and immunity. These immune cells are known to be involved in tumor progression and modulation. Monocytes can be polarized to two types of macrophages (M1 macrophages and pro-tumor M2 macrophages). Through this article, we aim to emphasize the potential of targeting macrophages in order to improve current strategies for tumor management. Various strategies that target macrophages as a therapeutic target have been discussed along with ongoing clinical trials. We have discussed the role of macrophages in various stages of tumor progression epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, maintaining the stability of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood, and establishing a premetastatic niche along with the role of various cytokines and chemokines involved in these processes. Intriguingly macrophages can also serve as drug carriers due to their tumor tropism along the chemokine gradient. They surpass currently explored nanotherapeutics in tumor accumulation and circulation half-life. We have emphasized on macrophage-based biomimetic formulations and macrophage-hitchhiking as a strategy to effectively target tumors. We firmly believe that targeting macrophages or utilizing them as an indigenous carrier system could transform cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naitik Jain
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Syed Shahrukh
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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34
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Niu H, Liu J, O'Connor HM, Gunnlaugsson T, James TD, Zhang H. Photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) based fluorescent probes for cellular imaging and disease therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2322-2357. [PMID: 36811891 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Typical PeT-based fluorescent probes are multi-component systems where a fluorophore is connected to a recognition/activating group by an unconjugated linker. PeT-based fluorescent probes are powerful tools for cell imaging and disease diagnosis due to their low fluorescence background and significant fluorescence enhancement towards the target. This review provides research progress towards PeT-based fluorescent probes that target cell polarity, pH and biological species (reactive oxygen species, biothiols, biomacromolecules, etc.) over the last five years. In particular, we emphasise the molecular design strategies, mechanisms, and application of these probes. As such, this review aims to provide guidance and to enable researchers to develop new and improved PeT-based fluorescent probes, as well as promoting the use of PeT-based systems for sensing, imaging, and disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Helen M O'Connor
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Tony D James
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
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Lin Y, Yi M, Guan X, Chen E, Yang L, Li S, Li Y, Zhang L. "Two birds with one stone" strategy for the lung cancer therapy with bioinspired AIE aggregates. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:49. [PMID: 36759822 PMCID: PMC9912660 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have emerged as novel phototherapeutic agents with high photostability and excellent performance to induce photodynamic and/or photothermal effects. In this study, a zwitterion-type NIR AIEgens C41H37N2O3S2 (named BITT) with biomimetic modification was utilized for lung cancer therapy. The tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-specific peptide (CRV) was engineered into the lung cancer cell-derived exosomes. The CRV-engineered exosome membranes (CRV-EM) were obtained to camouflage the BITT nanoparticles (CEB), which targeted both lung cancer cells and TAMs through homotypic targeting and TAM-specific peptide, respectively. The camouflage with CRV-EM ameliorated the surface function of BITT nanoparticles, which facilitated the cellular uptake in both cell lines and induced significant cell death in the presence of laser irradiations in vitro and in vivo. CEB showed improved circulation lifetime and accumulations in the tumor tissues in vivo, which induced efficient photodynamic and photothermal therapy. In addition, CEB induced the tumor microenvironment remodeling as indicated by the increase of CD8 + and CD4 + T cells, as well as a decrease of M2 TAM and Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Our work developed a novel style of bioinspired AIE aggregates, which could eliminate both lung cancer cells and TAMs, and remodel the tumor environments to achieve an efficient lung cancer therapy. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to use this style of bioinspired AIE aggregates for photo-mediated immunotherapy in lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshan Lin
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 China
| | - Mengmeng Yi
- grid.43308.3c0000 0000 9413 3760Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380 China
| | - Xiaoling Guan
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 China
| | - Enen Chen
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 China
| | - Langyu Yang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436 China
| | - Songpei Li
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Lingmin Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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36
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Yousefpour P, Ni K, Irvine DJ. Targeted modulation of immune cells and tissues using engineered biomaterials. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:107-124. [PMID: 37772035 PMCID: PMC10538251 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-022-00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Therapies modulating the immune system offer the prospect of treating a wide range of conditions including infectious diseases, cancer and autoimmunity. Biomaterials can promote specific targeting of immune cell subsets in peripheral or lymphoid tissues and modulate the dosage, timing and location of stimulation, thereby improving safety and efficacy of vaccines and immunotherapies. Here we review recent advances in biomaterials-based strategies, focusing on targeting of lymphoid tissues, circulating leukocytes, tissue-resident immune cells and immune cells at disease sites. These approaches can improve the potency and efficacy of immunotherapies by promoting immunity or tolerance against different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Yousefpour
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Ni
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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Abdollahi E, Johnston TP, Ghaneifar Z, Vahedi P, Goleij P, Azhdari S, Moghaddam AS. Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin on M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in Inflammatory Diseases. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:2-14. [PMID: 35331128 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220324114624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their plasticity, macrophages exert critical effects on both promoting and suppressing inflammatory processes. Pathologic inflammatory conditions are frequently correlated with dynamic alterations in macrophage activation, with classically activated M1 cells associated with the promotion and maintenance of inflammation and M2 cells being linked to the resolution or smouldering of chronic inflammation. Inflammation deputes a common feature of various chronic diseases and the direct involvement in the insurgence and development of these conditions. Macrophages participate in an autoregulatory loop characterizing the inflammatory process, as they produce a wide range of biologically active mediators that exert either deleterious or beneficial effects during the inflammation. Therefore, balancing the favorable ratios of M1/M2 macrophages can help ameliorate the inflammatory landscape of pathologic conditions. Curcumin is a component of turmeric with many pharmacological properties. OBJECTIVE Recent results from both in-vivo and in-vitro studies have indicated that curcumin can affect polarization and/or functions of macrophage subsets in the context of inflammation-related diseases. There is no comprehensive review of the impact of curcumin on cytokines involved in macrophage polarization in the context of inflammatory diseases. The present review will cover some efforts to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms by which curcumin modulates the macrophage polarization in distant pathological inflammatory conditions, such as cancer, autoimmunity, renal inflammation, stroke, atherosclerosis, and macrophage-driven pathogenesis. RESULTS The accumulation of the findings from in vitro and in vivo experimental studies suggests that curcumin beneficially influences M1 and M2 macrophages in a variety of inflammatory diseases with unfavorable macrophage activation. CONCLUSION Curcumin not only enhances anti-tumor immunity (via shifting M polarization towards M1 phenotype and/or up-regulation of M1 markers expression) but ameliorates inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases (experimental autoimmune myocarditis and Behcet's disease), nephropathy, chronic serum sickness, stroke, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abdollahi
- Department of Gynecology, Woman Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Zahra Ghaneifar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parviz Vahedi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Pouya Goleij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
| | - Sara Azhdari
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Abbas Shapouri Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Liu Y, Cheng W, Xin H, Liu R, Wang Q, Cai W, Peng X, Yang F, Xin H. Nanoparticles advanced from preclinical studies to clinical trials for lung cancer therapy. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023; 14:28. [PMID: 37009262 PMCID: PMC10042676 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-023-00174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality. As a heterogeneous disease, it has different subtypes and various treatment modalities. In addition to conventional surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have also been applied in the clinics. However, drug resistance and systemic toxicity still cannot be avoided. Based on the unique properties of nanoparticles, it provides a new idea for lung cancer therapy, especially for targeted immunotherapy. When nanoparticles are used as carriers of drugs with special physical properties, the nanodrug delivery system ensures the accuracy of targeting and the stability of drugs while increasing the permeability and the aggregation of drugs in tumor tissues, showing good anti-tumor effects. This review introduces the properties of various nanoparticles including polymer nanoparticles, liposome nanoparticles, quantum dots, dendrimers, and gold nanoparticles and their applications in tumor tissues. In addition, the specific application of nanoparticle-based drug delivery for lung cancer therapy in preclinical studies and clinical trials is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liu
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei China
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei China
| | - Wenxu Cheng
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei China
| | - HongYi Xin
- The Doctoral Scientific Research Center, People’s Hospital of Lianjiang, Guangdong, 524400 China
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Doctoral Scientific Research Center, People’s Hospital of Lianjiang, Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 524400 China
| | - Ran Liu
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei China
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei China
| | - Qinqi Wang
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei China
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei China
| | - Wenqi Cai
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Xinzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (Xinzhou), Hubei, 430000 China
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei China
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei China
| | - Fuyuan Yang
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei China
| | - HongWu Xin
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei China
- grid.410654.20000 0000 8880 6009Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023 Hubei China
- grid.443353.60000 0004 1798 8916Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Chifeng University, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, Chifeng, 024000 China
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Yu W, Wang S, Wang Y, Chen H, Nie H, Liu L, Zou X, Gong Q, Zheng B. MicroRNA: role in macrophage polarization and the pathogenesis of the liver fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147710. [PMID: 37138859 PMCID: PMC10149999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, as central components of innate immunity, feature significant heterogeneity. Numerus studies have revealed the pivotal roles of macrophages in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis induced by various factors. Hepatic macrophages function to trigger inflammation in response to injury. They induce liver fibrosis by activating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and then inflammation and fibrosis are alleviated by the degradation of the extracellular matrix and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that regulate gene expression through translation repression or mRNA degradation, have distinct roles in modulating macrophage activation, polarization, tissue infiltration, and inflammation regression. Considering the complex etiology and pathogenesis of liver diseases, the role and mechanism of miRNAs and macrophages in liver fibrosis need to be further clarified. We first summarized the origin, phenotypes and functions of hepatic macrophages, then clarified the role of miRNAs in the polarization of macrophages. Finally, we comprehensively discussed the role of miRNAs and macrophages in the pathogenesis of liver fibrotic disease. Understanding the mechanism of hepatic macrophage heterogeneity in various types of liver fibrosis and the role of miRNAs on macrophage polarization provides a useful reference for further research on miRNA-mediated macrophage polarization in liver fibrosis, and also contributes to the development of new therapies targeting miRNA and macrophage subsets for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hao Nie
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoting Zou, ; Quan Gong, ; Bing Zheng,
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoting Zou, ; Quan Gong, ; Bing Zheng,
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoting Zou, ; Quan Gong, ; Bing Zheng,
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Pramanik A, Xu Z, Ingram N, Coletta PL, Millner PA, Tyler AII, Hughes TA. Hyaluronic-Acid-Tagged Cubosomes Deliver Cytotoxics Specifically to CD44-Positive Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4601-4611. [PMID: 35938983 PMCID: PMC9727730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of chemotherapy drugs specifically to cancer cells raises local drug doses in tumors and therefore kills more cancer cells while reducing side effects in other tissues, thereby improving oncological and quality of life outcomes. Cubosomes, liquid crystalline lipid nanoparticles, are potential vehicles for delivery of chemotherapy drugs, presenting the advantages of biocompatibility, stable encapsulation, and high drug loading of hydrophobic or hydrophilic drugs. However, active targeting of drug-loaded cubosomes to cancer cells, as opposed to passive accumulation, remains relatively underexplored. We formulated and characterized cubosomes loaded with potential cancer drug copper acetylacetonate and functionalized their surfaces using click chemistry coupling with hyaluronic acid (HA), the ligand for the cell surface receptor CD44. CD44 is overexpressed in many cancer types including breast and colorectal. HA-tagged, copper-acetylacetonate-loaded cubosomes have an average hydrodynamic diameter of 152 nm, with an internal nanostructure based on the space group Im3m. These cubosomes were efficiently taken up by two CD44-expressing cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and HT29, representing breast and colon cancer) but not by two CD44-negative cell lines (MCF-7 breast cancer and HEK-293 kidney cells). HA-tagged cubosomes caused significantly more cell death than untargeted cubosomes in the CD44-positive cells, demonstrating the value of the targeting. CD44-negative cells were equally relatively resistant to both, demonstrating the specificity of the targeting. Cell death was characterized as apoptotic. Specific targeting and cell death were evident in both 2D culture and 3D spheroids. We conclude that HA-tagged, copper-acetylacetonate-loaded cubosomes show great potential as an effective therapeutic for selective targeting of CD44-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Pramanik
- School
of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom,
| | - Zexi Xu
- School
of Food Science and Nutrition, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Ingram
- School
of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul A Millner
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Arwen I I Tyler
- School
of Food Science and Nutrition, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom,
| | - Thomas A Hughes
- School
of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom,
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Zhao J, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang Z. Biophysical heterogeneity of myeloid-derived microenvironment to regulate resistance to cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114585. [PMID: 36273512 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advances in immunotherapy for cancer treatment, patients still obtain limited benefits, mostly owing to unrestrained tumour self-expansion and immune evasion that exploits immunoregulatory mechanisms. Traditionally, myeloid cells have a dominantly immunosuppressive role. However, the complicated populations of the myeloid cells and their multilateral interactions with tumour/stromal/lymphoid cells and physical abnormalities in the tumour microenvironment (TME) determine their heterogeneous functions in tumour development and immune response. Tumour-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) include monocytes, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), dendritic cells (DCs), and granulocytes. Single-cell profiling revealed heterogeneous TAMCs composition, sub-types, and transcriptomic signatures across 15 human cancer types. We systematically reviewed the biophysical heterogeneity of TAMC composition and pro/anti-tumoral and immuno-suppressive/stimulating properties of myeloid-derived microenvironments. We also summarised comprehensive clinical strategies to overcome resistance to immunotherapy from three dimensions: targeting TAMCs, reversing physical abnormalities, utilising nanomedicines, and finally, put forward futuristic perspectives for scientific and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yiting Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yundi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Zhijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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Pei Z, Chen S, Ding L, Liu J, Cui X, Li F, Qiu F. Current perspectives and trend of nanomedicine in cancer: A review and bibliometric analysis. J Control Release 2022; 352:211-241. [PMID: 36270513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The limitations of traditional cancer treatments are driving the creation and development of new nanomedicines. At present, with the rapid increase of research on nanomedicine in the field of cancer, there is a lack of intuitive analysis of the development trend, main authors and research hotspots of nanomedicine in the field of cancer, as well as detailed elaboration of possible research hotspots. In this review, data collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database between January 1st, 2000, and December 31st, 2021, were subjected to a bibliometric analysis. The co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence of countries, institutions, authors, literature, and keywords in this subject were examined using VOSviewer, Citespace, and a well-known online bibliometrics platform. We collected 19,654 published papers, China produced the most publications (36.654%, 7204), followed by the United States (29.594%, 5777), and India (7.780%, 1529). An interesting fact is that, despite China having more publications than the United States, the United States still dominates this field, having the highest H-index and the most citations. Acs Nano, Nano Letters, and Biomaterials are the top three academic publications that publish articles on nanomedicine for cancer out of a total of 7580 academic journals. The most significant increases were shown for the keywords "cancer nanomedicine", "tumor microenvironment", "nanoparticles", "prodrug", "targeted nanomedicine", "combination", and "cancer immunotherapy" indicating the promising area of research. Meanwhile, the development prospects and challenges of nanomedicine in cancer are also discussed and provided some solutions to the major obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerong Pei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuting Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Liqin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xinyi Cui
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Fengyun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Huang C, Lin B, Chen C, Wang H, Lin X, Liu J, Ren Q, Tao J, Zhao P, Xu Y. Synergistic Reinforcing of Immunogenic Cell Death and Transforming Tumor-Associated Macrophages Via a Multifunctional Cascade Bioreactor for Optimizing Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2207593. [PMID: 36245299 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has aroused widespread attention because it can reconstruct a tumor microenvironment and activate antitumor immunity. This study proposes a two-way enhancement of ICD based on a CaO2 @CuS-MnO2 @HA (CCMH) nanocomposite to overcome the insufficient damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) of conventional ICD-inducers. The near-infrared (NIR) irradiation (1064 nm) of CuS nanoparticles generates 1 O2 through photodynamic therapy (PDT) to trigger ICD, and it also damages the Ca2+ buffer function of mitochondria. Additionally, CaO2 nanoparticles react with H2 O to produce a large amount of O2 and Ca2+ , which respectively lead to enhanced PDT and Ca2+ overload during mitochondrial damage, thereby triggering a robust ICD activation. Moreover, oxidative-damaged mitochondrial DNA, induced by PDT and released from tumor cells, reprograms the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by transforming tumor-associated macrophages to the M1 subphenotype. This study shows that CCMH with NIR-II irradiation can elicit adequate DAMPs and an active tumor-immune microenvironment for both 4T1 and CT26 tumor models. Combining this method with an immune checkpoint blockade can realize an improved immunotherapy efficacy and long-term protection effect for body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Bingquan Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chuyao Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huaiming Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Xiaosheng Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qingfan Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jia Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yikai Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Shen X, Zhou S, Yang Y, Hong T, Xiang Z, Zhao J, Zhu C, Zeng L, Zhang L. TAM-targeted reeducation for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: Mechanism and recent progress. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1034842. [PMID: 36419877 PMCID: PMC9677115 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1034842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) as an important component of tumor microenvironment (TME) are closely related with the occurrence, development, and metastasis of malignant tumors. TAMs are generally identified as two distinct functional populations in TME, i.e., inflammatory/anti-tumorigenic (M1) and regenerative/pro-tumorigenic (M2) phenotype. Evidence suggests that occupation of the TME by M2-TAMs is closely related to the inactivation of anti-tumor immune cells such as T cells in TME. Recently, efforts have been made to reeducate TAMs from M2- to M1- phenotype to enhance cancer immunotherapy, and great progress has been made in realizing efficient modulation of TAMs using nanomedicines. To help readers better understand this emerging field, the potential TAM reeducation targets for potentiating cancer immunotherapy and the underlying mechanisms are summarized in this review. Moreover, the most recent advances in utilizing nanomedicine for the TAM immunomodulation for augmented cancer immunotherapy are introduced. Finally, we conclude with our perspectives on the future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengcheng Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yidong Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tu Hong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Linghui Zeng, ; Lingxiao Zhang,
| | - Lingxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Linghui Zeng, ; Lingxiao Zhang,
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Lee J, Kim D, Le QV, Oh YK. Nanotherapeutics for immune network modulation in tumor microenvironments. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1066-1087. [PMID: 34844846 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shown promise in cancer treatment, and is thus drawing increasing interest in this field. While the standard chemotherapy- and/or radiotherapy-based cancer treatments aim to directly kill cancer cells, immunotherapy uses host immune cell surveillance to fight cancer. In the tumor environment, there is a close relationship between tumor cells and the adjacent immune cells, which are largely suppressed by cancer-related regulation of immune checkpoints, immune-suppressive cytokines, and metabolic factors. The immune modulators currently approved for cancer treatment remain limited by issues with dose tolerance and insufficient efficacy. Researchers have developed and tested various nano-delivery systems with the goal of improving the treatment outcome of these drugs. By encapsulating immune modulators in particles and directing their tissue accumulation, some such systems have decreased immune-related toxicity while sharpening the antitumor response. Surface-ligand modification of nanoparticles has allowed drugs to be delivered to specific immune cells types. Researchers have also studied strategies for depleting or reprogramming the immune-suppressive cells to recover the immune environment. Combining a nanomaterial with an external stimulus has been used to induce immunogenic cell death; this favors the inflammatory environment found in tumor tissues to promote antitumor immunity. The present review covers the most recent strategies aimed at modulating the tumor immune environment, and discusses the challenges and future perspectives in developing nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Quoc-Viet Le
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Xia Y, Yang R, Zhu J, Wang H, Li Y, Fan J, Fu C. Engineered nanomaterials trigger abscopal effect in immunotherapy of metastatic cancers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:890257. [PMID: 36394039 PMCID: PMC9643844 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.890257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer treatment, metastatic cancer is still the main cause of death in cancer patients. At present, the treatment of metastatic cancer is limited to palliative care. The abscopal effect is a rare phenomenon in which shrinkage of metastatic tumors occurs simultaneously with the shrinkage of a tumor receiving localized treatment, such as local radiotherapy or immunotherapy. Immunotherapy shows promise for cancer treatment, but it also leads to consequences such as low responsiveness and immune-related adverse events. As a promising target-based approach, intravenous or intratumoral injection of nanomaterials provides new opportunities for improving cancer immunotherapy. Chemically modified nanomaterials may be able to trigger the abscopal effect by regulating immune cells. This review discusses the use of nanomaterials in killing metastatic tumor cells through the regulation of immune cells and the prospects of such nanomaterials for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruohan Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianshu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hengyi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiawei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Changfeng Fu,
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47
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Xu Z, Chen Y, Ma L, Chen Y, Liu J, Guo Y, Yu T, Zhang L, Zhu L, Shu Y. Role of exosomal non-coding RNAs from tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3133-3154. [PMID: 35405312 PMCID: PMC9552915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have a crucial role in intercellular communication and mediate interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Exosome-encapsulated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in various physiological processes. Tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs induce M2 macrophage polarization through signaling pathway activation, signal transduction, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Conversely, TAM-derived exosomal ncRNAs promote tumor proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and immunosuppression. MicroRNAs induce gene silencing by directly targeting mRNAs, whereas lncRNAs and circRNAs act as miRNA sponges to indirectly regulate protein expressions. The role of ncRNAs in tumor-host interactions is ubiquitous. Current research is increasingly focused on the tumor microenvironment. On the basis of the "cancer-immunity cycle" hypothesis, we discuss the effects of exosomal ncRNAs on immune cells to induce T cell exhaustion, overexpression of programmed cell death ligands, and create a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore, we discuss potential applications and prospects of exosomal ncRNAs as clinical biomarkers and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yizhang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jingya Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lianghui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Oncology, The Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211112, China.
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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48
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Gharavi AT, Hanjani NA, Movahed E, Doroudian M. The role of macrophage subtypes and exosomes in immunomodulation. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:83. [PMID: 36192691 PMCID: PMC9528143 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are influential members of the innate immune system that can be reversibly polarized by different microenvironment signals. Cell polarization leads to a wide range of features, involving the migration, development, and organization of the cells. There is mounting evidence that macrophage polarization plays a key role in the initiation and development of a wide range of diseases. This study aims to give an overview of macrophage polarization, their different subtypes, and the importance of alternatively activated M2 macrophage and classically activated M1 macrophage in immune responses and pathological conditions. This review provides insight on the role of exosomes in M1/M2-like macrophage polarization and their potential as a promising therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwahab Teflischi Gharavi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 14911-15719, Iran
| | - Niloofar Asadi Hanjani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 14911-15719, Iran
| | - Elaheh Movahed
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New Year, USA
| | - Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 14911-15719, Iran.
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49
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Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanomaterials Applied to Cancer: Where Are We Now? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102092. [PMID: 36297526 PMCID: PMC9609123 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells normally develop the ability to rewire or reprogram themselves to become resistant to treatments that were previously effective. Despite progress in understanding drug resistance, knowledge gaps remain regarding the underlying biological causes of drug resistance and the design of cancer treatments to overcome it. So, resistance acquisition remains a major problem in cancer treatment. Targeted therapeutics are considered the next generation of cancer therapy because they overcome many limitations of traditional treatments. Numerous tumor cells overexpress several receptors that have a high binding affinity for hyaluronic acid (HA), while they are poorly expressed in normal body cells. HA and its derivatives have the advantage of being biocompatible and biodegradable and may be conjugated with a variety of drugs and drug carriers for developing various formulations as anticancer therapies such as micelles, nanogels, and inorganic nanoparticles. Due to their stability in blood circulation and predictable delivery patterns, enhanced tumor-selective drug accumulation, and decreased toxicity to normal tissues, tumor-targeting nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems have been shown to represent an efficacious approach for the treatment of cancer. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of some in vitro and in vivo studies related to the potential of HA as a ligand to develop targeted nanovehicles for future biomedical applications in cancer treatment.
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50
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Wu C, Shen Z, Lu Y, Sun F, Shi H. p53 Promotes Ferroptosis in Macrophages Treated with Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42791-42803. [PMID: 36112832 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fe3O4 nanoparticles are the most widely used magnetic nanoparticles in the biomedicine field. The biodistribution of most nanoparticles in vivo is determined by the capture of macrophages; however, the effects of nanoparticles on macrophages remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that Fe3O4 nanoparticles could reduce macrophage viability after 48 h of treatment and induce a shift in macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype; RNA sequencing revealed the activation of the ferroptosis pathway and p53 upregulation compared to the control group. The expression in p53, xCT, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and transferrin receptor (TFR) in macrophages was similar to that in erastin-induced ferroptosis in macrophages, and the ultrastructural morphology of mitochondria was consistent with that of erastin-treated cells. We used DCFH-DA to estimate the intracellular reactive oxygen species content in Fe3O4 nanoparticles treated with Ana-1 and JC-1 fluorescent probes to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential change; both showed to be time-dependent. Fer-1 inhibited the reduction of the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio and inhibited intracellular oxidative stress states; therefore, Fe3O4 nanoparticles induced ferroptosis in macrophages. Finally, we used pifithrin-α hydrobromide (PFT) as a p53 inhibitor to verify whether the high expression of p53 is involved in mediating this process. After PFT treatment, the live/dead cell rate, TFR, p53 expression, and GPX4 consumption were inhibited and mitigated the GSH/GSSG ratio reduction as well. This indicates that p53 may contribute to Fe3O4 nanoparticle-induced ferroptosis of macrophages. We provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in macrophages and the biotoxicity in vivo induced by Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Zhiming Shen
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Hongcan Shi
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
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