1
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Bu E, Chen X, López-Cartes C, Monzón A, Delgado JJ. Induced-aggregates in photocatalysis: An unexplored approach to reduce the noble metal co-catalyst content. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 676:1055-1067. [PMID: 39074408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising and environmentally sustainable solution to produce high-purity hydrogen through ethanol photoreforming. It is commonly accepted that adding co-catalysts, especially noble metals, significantly enhances the catalytic activity of semiconductors. However, the high cost of noble metals such as Pt may limit the real application of this emerging technology. Here we evaluate the possibility of reducing the noble metal loading by creating the appropriate interface between pre-formed semiconductor nanoparticles. Commercial titania (P25) was selected as the semiconductor due to its commercial availability, facilitating the straightforward validation and corroboration of our results. Pt was selected as co-catalyst because one of the most efficient photocatalysts for the ethanol photo-reforming is still based on the use of P25 in combination with Pt. We report that the creation of induced aggregates dramatically improves the total hydrogen produced when very low loadings (≤0.05 wt%) of Pt are used. We have developed a pioneering reactor designed for conducting photoluminescence studies under authentic operational conditions of nanoparticle suspensions in the liquid phase. This approach allows us to obtain the average photoluminescence emission from the P25 agglomerates what it would be impossible to obtain by using standard solid samples holders. Thanks to this equipment, we can conclude that this remarkable improvement of the activity is mainly due to creation of an interface that favors the charge transfer between the particles of the aggregates. According to this, the titania nanoparticles of the agglomerates act as an antenna to collect the photons of the sun-light and produce the photo-excited electrons that will be transferred to the platinum nanoparticles located in the same agglomeration. In contrast, raw P25 with low loadings of Pt would have a high number of titania nanoparticles without platinum, and therefore, inactive. This result would be especially relevant in the case of immobilized photocatalytic systems for real future photocatalytic reactors because the immobilization of the semiconductors would generate similar interactions to the one created by our method. Consequently, the initial semiconductor immobilization followed by the subsequent photo-deposition of the co-catalyst emerges as a promising approach for a substantial reduction of the co-catalyst content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqi Bu
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales, Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Microscopía Electrónica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), Universidad de Cádiz, Spain
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales, Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Microscopía Electrónica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), Universidad de Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Monzón
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan José Delgado
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales, Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Microscopía Electrónica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), Universidad de Cádiz, Spain.
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2
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Berends D, Schwager P, Gehrke K, Vehse M, Agert C. Analysis of the Inhomogeneous Growth of Sputtered Black TiO 2 Thin Films. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:15251-15258. [PMID: 38585060 PMCID: PMC10993395 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Black titanium dioxide (B-TiO2) is a highly active photoelectrochemical material compared to pure titanium dioxide due to its increased light absorption properties. Recently, we presented the deposition of thin-film B-TiO2 using an asymmetric bipolar reactive magnetron sputter process. The resulting samples exhibit excellent photoelectrochemical properties, which can be fine-tuned by varying the process parameters. In this article, results of morphological, electrical, and photoelectrochemical measurements are discussed to better understand the surprisingly high electrochemical activity of the films. In order to study the influence of the dynamic process on film formation, we use static sputtering with a fixed substrate covering the entire chamber area in front of the two targets. This allows the material composition of the sputtered film to be analyzed depending on its relative position to the targets. The results lead to the conclusion that the asymmetric bipolar sputtering mainly produces two phases, a transparent, nonconductive crystalline phase and a black, conductive amorphous phase. As a consequence, the dynamically sputtered samples are multilayers of these two materials. We discuss that the significantly better electrical and photoelectrochemical properties emerge from the inhomogeneous nature of the laminates, like also found in core-shell nanoparticles of B-TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Berends
- DLR Institute of Networked
Energy Systems, Urban and Residential Technologies, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Schwager
- DLR Institute of Networked
Energy Systems, Urban and Residential Technologies, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kai Gehrke
- DLR Institute of Networked
Energy Systems, Urban and Residential Technologies, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Vehse
- DLR Institute of Networked
Energy Systems, Urban and Residential Technologies, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Agert
- DLR Institute of Networked
Energy Systems, Urban and Residential Technologies, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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3
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Li T, Li Y, Guo C, Hu Y. Dual-defect semiconductor photocatalysts for solar-to-chemical conversion: advances and challenges. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2320-2348. [PMID: 38314591 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06102g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Among the renewable energy technologies to deal with increasing energy crisis and environmental concerns, solar-to-chemical conversion via photocatalysis holds great promise for sustainable energy supply. To date, a variety of modification strategies with different types of semiconducting materials have been proposed to boost photocatalytic efficiency. Recently, dual-defect semiconductor photocatalysts have emerged as an advantageous candidate with superior performance in improving photocatalytic activity compared to their defect-free or single-defect counterparts. In this review, focus is laid on the advances of dual-defect semiconductor photocatalysts for energy photocatalysis. Possible schemes for two different defects within a single semiconductor are firstly sorted based on the types of defects, and synthesis strategies to achieve various defect schemes as well as techniques to characterize different defects are then introduced. In particular, the effect of different defects on photocatalytic performance is emphasized, and the advances in dual-defect semiconductors for solar-to-chemical conversions are summarized based on different defect schemes. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities of dual-defect semiconductors for photocatalysis are discussed. This article is expected to provide an overall insight into existing dual-defect semiconductor photocatalysts and inspire the development of new defect-rich materials for photocatalytic energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Yufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Changfa Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Yong Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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4
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Preparation of fly ash supporting nano-TiO2 composite photocatalyst by a wet mechanical grinding method. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Alrashedi W, Kochkar H, Berhault G, Younas M, Ben Ali A, Alomair N, Hamdi R, Abubshait S, Alagha O, Gondal M, Haroun M, Tratrat C. Enhancement of the Photocatalytic Response of Cu-doped TiO2 Nanotubes induced by the Addition of Strontium. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Guan Y, Liu Y, Lv Q, Wu J. Bismuth-based photocatalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of flue gas mercury removal: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126280. [PMID: 34102357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic oxidation method is a promising technology for solving flue gas mercury (Hg) pollution from industrial plants. Semiconductor photocatalysts have been widely applied in energy conversion and environmental remediation. However, key issues such as low light absorption capacity, wide energy band gap, and poor physicochemical stability severely limit the application of photocatalysts in practical industrial plants. In recent years, bismuth-based (Bi-based) photocatalysts, including bismuth oxide halide BiOX (X = Cl, Br or I), bismuth salt oxymetal BiVO4, and BiOIO3 etc., have increasingly aroused scientists' attention due to their peculiar crystalline geometric structures, tunable electronic structure and high photocatalytic performance. In present review, we firstly review the photocatalytic reaction mechanism and main photocatalytic oxidation mechanism of mercury. Secondly, the synthetic methods of Bi-based photocatalysts are summarized. Then, according to the mechanism of mercury removal, the experimental modifying approaches including heterojunction making, external atoms doping, defect creating, and crystal face regulating to promote the photocatalytic oxidation of mercury removal are summarized, as well as the determination of the band gap and electronic density of states (DOS) of Bi-based photocatalysts to elucidate the photocatalytic oxidation mechanism via density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Furthermore, constructing electronic transmission channels is an efficient way to improve the photocatalytic activity. Finally, challenges and perspectives of Bi-based photocatalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of mercury removal are presented. In addition, the excellent performance photocatalysts and efficient pollution removal equipment for mercury removal in industrial plants are still required in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yinhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Qiang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Cho Y, Park B, Padhi DK, Ibrahim IAM, Kim S, Kim KH, Lee KS, Lee CL, Han JW, Oh SH, Park JH. Disordered-Layer-Mediated Reverse Metal-Oxide Interactions for Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5247-5253. [PMID: 34100618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In heterogeneous catalysts, metal-oxide interactions occur spontaneously but often in an undesired way leading to the oxidation of metal nanoparticles. Manipulating such interactions to produce highly active surface of metal nanoparticles can warrant the optimal catalytic activity but has not been established to date. Here we report that a prior reduced TiO2 support can reverse the interaction with Pt nanoparticles and augment the metallic state of Pt, exhibiting a 3-fold increase in hydrogen production rate compared to that of conventional Pt/TiO2. Spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy of the Ti valence state and the electron density distribution within Pt nanoparticles provide direct evidence supporting that the Pt/TiO2/H2O triple junctions are the most active catalytic sites for water reduction. Our reverse metal-oxide interaction scheme provides a breakthrough in the stagnated hydrogen production efficiency and can be applied to other heterogeneous catalyst systems composed of metal nanoparticles with reducible oxide supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjun Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumsu Park
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Deepak K Padhi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ismail A M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sungsoon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hee Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kug-Seung Lee
- Beamline Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 790-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Lyoul Lee
- Advanced Photonic Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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8
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Cuauhtémoc-López I, Jiménez-Vázquez A, Estudillo-Wong LA, Torres-Torres G, Pérez-Vidal H, Barrera-Salgado M, López-González R, De la Cruz-Romero D. Naphthalene hydrogenation using Rh/Fe2O3-TiO2 magnetic catalysts. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Yan L, Jing C. Color Centers on Hydrogenated TiO 2 Facets Unlock Fluorescence Imaging. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9485-9492. [PMID: 33108184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenation of TiO2 provides a promising strategy to realize fluorescence imaging. The fluorescence of hydrogenated TiO2 arises from photoluminescence (PL) from the color centers. Color centers changed the surface electronic states to shorten fluorescence lifetimes, to unlock the intrinsic fluorescence of hydrogenated TiO2. Specifically, the formation of color centers and their role in determining electronic states are highly facet-dependent. Color centers corresponding to surface oxygen vacancies (Vo) on {201} and {101} facets, surface Ti3+ on {001} facets, and subsurface Vo on {100} facets were discerned, following distinct Vo formation pathways and diffusion behaviors, as well as electron localization. The electronic states in the color centers are contributed by Ti 3d orbitals with different energy levels. Distinct electronic states on each facet give rise to TiO2 coloration from white to dark gray, and the energy levels in color centers trigger unique PL emissions, enabling dark-gray hydrogenated {201} TiO2 to emit bright intrinsic fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chuanyong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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10
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Konstantinova EA, Minnekhanov AA, Trusov GV, Kytin VG. Titania-based nanoheterostructured microspheres for prolonged visible-light-driven photocatalysis. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:345207. [PMID: 32392554 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab91f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide is a widely used photocatalytic material possessing such advantages as safety, low cost, and high reactivity under the ultraviolet light illumination. However, its applicability in sunlight is limited due to the wide band gap and, as a consequence, the low quantum yield. Doping of titanium dioxide with metal or non-metal atoms and creating heterojunctions based on it are some of the most efficient ways to overcome this drawback. Herein we propose a new facile way of synthesis of nitrogen-doped TiO2/MoO3 and TiO2/WO3 microsphere-shaped nanocomposite photocatalysts, combining the advantages of these two methods. It is revealed that such structures are not only photo-active when exposed to visible light, but can also accumulate a photoinduced charge, thus allowing the catalytic reaction to be prolonged for a long time after the illumination is switched off (up to 48 h). With the help of EPR spectroscopy, paramagnetic defects in the samples were determined. The obtained results show good application prospects of the visible-light-driven TiO2-based nanoheterostructured microspheres in the environmental purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A Konstantinova
- Physics Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia. National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute', Moscow 123182, Russia. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
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11
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Wei Y, Tokina MV, Benderskii AV, Zhou Z, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Quantum dynamics origin of high photocatalytic activity of mixed-phase anatase/rutile TiO2. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:044706. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0014179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Wei
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Marina V. Tokina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Alexander V. Benderskii
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Zhaohui Zhou
- Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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12
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Kampouri S, Stylianou KC. Dual-Functional Photocatalysis for Simultaneous Hydrogen Production and Oxidation of Organic Substances. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Kampouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais), Rue de l’industrie 17, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Kyriakos C. Stylianou
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais), Rue de l’industrie 17, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
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13
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Abstract
The Fe/B/F tridoped TiO2-ZnO composite films attached to glass substrates were prepared via a simple sol–gel method. We appraised all samples’ photocatalytic activities by the degradation of methyl green and formaldehyde solutions. The samples were characterized by photoluminescence (PL) spectra, UV-Vis diffraction reflectance absorption spectra (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry (DTA-TG), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Brunner–Emmet–Teller (BET) measurements. According to the results of DRS and PL spectroscopy, the multi-modification could not only enhance visible light absorption intensity, but also decrease the recombination rate of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. XRD results revealed that the sample was mainly in anatase crystal type. FE-SEM results shown that the sample had fewer particle aggregates and almost no cracks. The specific surface area of the Fe/B/F tridoped TiO2-ZnO was 104.9 m2·g−1, while that of the pure TiO2 was 84.0 m2·g−1. Compared to pure TiO2 and TiO2-ZnO, the Fe/B/F tridoped TiO2-ZnO composite film had the highest photocatalytic activity due to their synergies.
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14
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Xie G, Guan L, Zhang L, Guo B, Batool A, Xin Q, Boddula R, Jan SU, Gong JR. Interaction-Dependent Interfacial Charge-Transfer Behavior in Solar Water-Splitting Systems. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1234-1241. [PMID: 30681870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dual-band-gap systems are promising for solar water splitting due to their excellent light-harvesting capability and high charge-separation efficiency. However, a fundamental understanding of interfacial charge-transfer behavior in the dual-band-gap configuration is still incomplete. Taking CdS/reduced graphene oxide (CdS/RGO) nanoheterojunctions as a model solar water splitting system, we attempt here to highlight the interaction-dependent interfacial charge-transfer behavior based on both experimental observations and theoretical calculations. Experimental evidence points to charge transfer at the CdS-RGO interface playing a dominant role in the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity. By tuning the degree of reduction of RGO, the interfacial interaction, and, thereby, the charge transfer can be controlled at the CdS-RGO interface. This observation is supported by theoretical analysis, where we find that the interfacial charge transfer is a balance between the effective single-electron- and hole-transfer probability and the surface free electron and hole concentration, both of which are related to the surface potential and tailored by interfacial interaction. This mechanism is applicable to all systems for solar water splitting, providing a useful guidance for the design and study of heterointerfaces for high-efficiency energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guancai Xie
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
| | - Liming Guan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , PR China
| | - Linjuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , Shanghai 201800 , PR China
| | - Beidou Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
| | - Aisha Batool
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
| | - Qi Xin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , PR China
| | - Rajender Boddula
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
| | - Saad Ullah Jan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
| | - Jian Ru Gong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , PR China
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15
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Chatzitakis A, Sartori S. Recent Advances in the Use of Black TiO 2 for Production of Hydrogen and Other Solar Fuels. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1272-1281. [PMID: 30633840 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201801094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Black TiO2 has emerged as one of the most promising photocatalysts recently discovered. The reason behind its catalytic activity is considered to be due to the presence of defects and Ti3+ species at the surface of black TiO2 nanostructures, which are crucial for its diverse applications. Moreover, disordered/crystalline surface layers and bulk regions have been identified and appear to influence the intrinsic properties of the material. Here, we present the latest studies on the use of black TiO2 for metal free hydrogen production, as well as for CO2 photoreduction and N2 photofixation. After highlighting the structure/property relations, we conclude with some critical questions and suggest further topics of research in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of light absorption in black TiO2 , especially towards solar fuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Chatzitakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, FERMiO, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sabrina Sartori
- Associate Professor S. Sartori, Department of Technology Systems, University of Oslo, NO-2027, Kjeller, Norway
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16
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Zhan W, Sun L, Han X. Recent Progress on Engineering Highly Efficient Porous Semiconductor Photocatalysts Derived from Metal-Organic Frameworks. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2019; 11:1. [PMID: 30687730 PMCID: PMC6325097 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-018-0235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Porous structures offer highly accessible surfaces and rich pores, which facilitate the exposure of numerous active sites for photocatalytic reactions, leading to excellent performances. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered ideal precursors for well-designed semiconductors with porous structures and/or heterostructures, which have shown enhanced photocatalytic activities. In this review, we summarize the recent development of porous structures, such as metal oxides and metal sulfides, and their heterostructures, derived from MOF-based materials as catalysts for various light-driven energy-/environment-related reactions, including water splitting, CO2 reduction, organic redox reaction, and pollution degradation. A summary and outlook section is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiguang Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116 People’s Republic of China
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Zhang L, Ran J, Qiao SZ, Jaroniec M. Characterization of semiconductor photocatalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:5184-5206. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00172g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The long-standing popularity of semiconductor photocatalysts stimulated their characterization, which is the subject of this review aiming to help materials chemists and physicists, particularly students, to select suitable characterization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Kent State University
- Kent
- USA
| | - Jingrun Ran
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Mietek Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Kent State University
- Kent
- USA
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