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Zhang M, Zhu Q, Liu Q, Cheng L. The nature of stability and adsorption interactions of binary Au-Li clusters with bridge adsorption structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2265-2273. [PMID: 36597742 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04716k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Earlier findings have confirmed that CO molecules have propensities to adsorb on low-coordinated gold atoms (top sites) of Au-based clusters, which can be treated by the Blyholder model wherein the σ donation and π-back donation take place. Here, the structural features and stability of (AuLi)n (n = 1-9) clusters were first analyzed using the GA-DFT method. The new adsorption modes, vibration frequencies and electronic interactions for Au-Li clusters with CO were investigated in detail. More excitingly, we found that CO prefers to adsorb on the bridge sites of the Au-Li clusters rather than on the top sites, which are much lower in energies than the top adsorptions, and the C-O stretching frequencies are also red-shifted. AIMD simulations show that the adsorption structures still have good thermal stability at 500 K. The density of states reveals that the electronic structures of Au-Li clusters have excellent stability for the bridge adsorptions of CO molecules. The ETS-NOCV analysis and NPA charges show that the direction of charge flow is from Au-Li clusters → CO. Our study provides an idea to elucidate the new adsorption mechanism on Au-Li clusters and the connection between the geometries and reaction properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232000, P. R. China.
| | - Qiyong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232000, P. R. China.
| | - Qiman Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232000, P. R. China.
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230000, P. R. China.
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Thenuwara AC, Shetty PP, McDowell MT. Distinct Nanoscale Interphases and Morphology of Lithium Metal Electrodes Operating at Low Temperatures. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8664-8672. [PMID: 31671260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While Li-ion batteries are known to fail at temperatures below -20 °C, very little is known regarding the low-temperature behavior of next-generation high-capacity electrode materials. The lithium metal anode is of particular interest for high-energy battery chemistries, but improved understanding of and control over its electrochemical and nanoscale interfacial behavior in diverse conditions is necessary. Here, we investigate lithium deposition/stripping, morphology evolution, and solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) structure and properties down to -80 °C using an ether-based electrolyte (DOL/DME). As temperature is reduced, we find that the morphology of deposited lithium is significantly altered. Furthermore, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy coupled with vacuum-transfer X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the SEI exhibits different structure, chemistry, thickness, and conductive properties at lower temperatures. These results show that Li is promising for batteries operating under extreme conditions, and the distinct nanoscale evolution of Li electrodes at different temperatures must be considered when designing high-energy batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila C Thenuwara
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Pralav P Shetty
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Matthew T McDowell
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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Golozar M, Hovington P, Paolella A, Bessette S, Lagacé M, Bouchard P, Demers H, Gauvin R, Zaghib K. In Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy Detection of Carbide Nature of Dendrites in Li-Polymer Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7583-7589. [PMID: 30462516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Li metal batteries suffer from dendrite formation which causes short circuit of the battery. Therefore, it is important to understand the chemical composition and growth mechanism of dendrites that limit battery efficiency and cycle life. In this study, in situ scanning electron microscopy was employed to monitor the cycling behavior of all-solid Li metal batteries with LiFePO4 cathodes. Chemical analyses of the dendrites were conducted using a windowless energy dispersive spectroscopy detector, which showed that the dendrites are not metallic lithium as universally recognized. Our results revealed the carbide nature of the dendrites with a hollow morphology and hardness greater than that of pure lithium. These carbide-based dendrites were able to perforate through the polymer, which was confirmed by milling the polymer using focused ion beam. It was also shown that applying pressure on the battery can suppress growth of the dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Golozar
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage , Hydro-Québec's Research Institute , Varennes , Québec J0L 1N0 , Canada
| | | | - Andrea Paolella
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage , Hydro-Québec's Research Institute , Varennes , Québec J0L 1N0 , Canada
| | - Stéphanie Bessette
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage , Hydro-Québec's Research Institute , Varennes , Québec J0L 1N0 , Canada
| | - Marin Lagacé
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage , Hydro-Québec's Research Institute , Varennes , Québec J0L 1N0 , Canada
| | - Patrick Bouchard
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage , Hydro-Québec's Research Institute , Varennes , Québec J0L 1N0 , Canada
| | - Hendrix Demers
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage , Hydro-Québec's Research Institute , Varennes , Québec J0L 1N0 , Canada
| | - Raynald Gauvin
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Karim Zaghib
- Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage , Hydro-Québec's Research Institute , Varennes , Québec J0L 1N0 , Canada
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