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Garcia E, Bales C, Patterson W, Zaslavsky A, Mitrović VF. Cryogenic probe for low-noise, high-frequency electronic measurements. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:103902. [PMID: 36319326 DOI: 10.1063/5.0106239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The design and performance of a low-noise, modular cryogenic probe, which is applicable to a wide range of measurements over a broad range of working frequencies, temperatures, and magnetic fields, is presented. The design of the probe facilitates the exchange of sample holders and sample-stage amplifiers, which, combined with its characteristic low transmission and reflection loss, make this design suitable for high precision or low sensitivity measurements. The specific example of measuring the shot noise of magnetic tunnel junctions is discussed. We highlight various design characteristics chosen specifically to expand the applicability of the probe to measurement techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Garcia
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - C Bales
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - W Patterson
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - A Zaslavsky
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - V F Mitrović
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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Isshiki Y, Li D, Kiguchi M, Nishino T, Pauly F, Fujii S. Structural Asymmetry of Metallic Single-Atom Contacts Detected by Current-Voltage Characteristics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11919-11926. [PMID: 35225596 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The complex behavior of the simplest atomic-scale conductors indicates that the electrode structure itself is significant in the design of future nanoscale devices. In this study, the structural asymmetry of metallic atomic contacts formed between two macroscopic Au electrodes at room temperature was investigated. Characteristic signatures of the structural asymmetries were detected by fast current-voltage (I-V) measurements with a time resolution of approximately 100 μs. Statistical analysis of more than 300,000 I-V curves obtained from more than 1000 contact-stretching processes demonstrates that the current rectification properties are correlated with the conductance of the nanocontacts. A substantial suppression of the variation in current rectification was observed for the atomic contacts with integer multiples of the conductance quantum. Statistical analysis of the time-resolved I-V curves revealed that the current rectification variations increased significantly from 500 μs onward before the breakage of the atomic contacts. Ab initio atomistic simulations of the stretching processes and corresponding I-V characteristics confirmed the magnitude of the rectification and related it to the structural asymmetries in the breakdown process of the junctions. Overall, we provide a better understanding of the interplay between geometric and electronic structures at atomically defined metal-metal interfaces by probing charge transport properties in extremely sensitive nanocontacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Isshiki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Dongzhe Li
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Fabian Pauly
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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Yuan S, Gao T, Cao W, Pan Z, Liu J, Shi J, Hong W. The Characterization of Electronic Noise in the Charge Transport through Single-Molecule Junctions. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001064. [PMID: 34927823 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of creating single-molecule devices and integrating them into circuits, the emergence of single-molecule electronics provides various techniques for the fabrication of single-molecule junctions and the investigation of charge transport through such junctions. Among the techniques for characterization of charge transport through molecular junctions, electronic noise characterization is an effective strategy with which issues from molecule-electrode interfaces, mechanisms of charge transport, and changes in junction configurations are studied. Electronic noise analysis in single-molecule junctions can be used to identify molecular conformations and even monitor reaction kinetics. This review summarizes the various types of electronic noise that have been characterized during single-molecule electrical detection, including the functions of random telegraph signal (RTS) noise, flicker noise, shot noise, and their corresponding applications, which provide some guidelines for the future application of these techniques to problems of charge transport through single-molecule junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tengyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhichao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Tewari S, Sabater C, van Ruitenbeek J. Identification of vibration modes in single-molecule junctions by strong inelastic signals in noise. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19462-19467. [PMID: 31528938 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conductance measurements in single-molecule junctions (SMJs) are on many occasions accompanied by inelastic spectroscopy and shot-noise measurements in order to obtain information about different vibration modes (or vibrons) and channels involved in the transport respectively. We have extended the single-molecule shot-noise measurements, which were previously performed at low bias, to high bias and we have studied the effects of these vibrons on the noise for a Deuterium (D2) molecule between Pt leads. We report here two important findings from these measurements. First, we find in our noise measurements that at the vibron energies of the molecule, a two-level fluctuation (TLF) is excited in the junction. Second, we show that in the presence of this TLF, a form of enhanced noise spectroscopy can be performed to detect inelastic electron-vibron interactions, by studying the third derivative of the noise (d3SI/dV3). This is possible because TLFs are insensitive to elastic scattering of electrons from defects, which nevertheless leave their signature in the usual inelastic electron tunnelling spectroscopy (IETS) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Tewari
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Carlos Sabater
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan van Ruitenbeek
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Sánta B, Balogh Z, Gubicza A, Pósa L, Krisztián D, Mihály G, Csontos M, Halbritter A. Universal 1/f type current noise of Ag filaments in redox-based memristive nanojunctions. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:4719-4725. [PMID: 30839979 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09985e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic origins and technological impact of 1/f type current fluctuations in Ag based, filamentary type resistive switching devices have been investigated upon downscaling toward the ultimate single atomic limit. The analysis of the low-frequency current noise spectra revealed that the main electronic noise contribution arises from the resistance fluctuations due to internal dynamical defects of Ag nanofilaments. The resulting 0.01-1% current noise ratio, i.e. the total noise level with respect to the mean value of the current, is found to be universal: its magnitude only depends on the total resistance of the device, irrespective of the materials aspects of the surrounding solid electrolyte and of the specific filament formation procedure. Moreover, the resistance dependence of the current noise ratio also displays the diffusive to ballistic crossover, confirming that stable resistive switching operation utilizing Ag nanofilaments is not compromised even in truly atomic scale junctions by technologically impeding noise levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Sánta
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary. and MTA-BME Condensed Matter Research Group, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Balogh
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary. and MTA-BME Condensed Matter Research Group, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Gubicza
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary. and Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - László Pósa
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary. and Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege ut 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Krisztián
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - György Mihály
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary. and MTA-BME Condensed Matter Research Group, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Csontos
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary. and Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - András Halbritter
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary. and MTA-BME Condensed Matter Research Group, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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