1
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Kwok KS, Zuo Y, Choi SJ, Pahapale GJ, Gu L, Gracias DH. Toward Single Cell Tattoos: Biotransfer Printing of Lithographic Gold Nanopatterns on Live Cells. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7477-7484. [PMID: 37526201 PMCID: PMC10799676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Lithographic nanopatterning techniques such as photolithography, electron-beam lithography, and nanoimprint lithography (NIL) have revolutionized modern-day electronics and optics. Yet, their application for creating nanobio interfaces is limited by the cytotoxic and two-dimensional nature of conventional fabrication methods. Here, we present a biocompatible and cost-effective transfer process that leverages (a) NIL to define sub-300 nm gold (Au) nanopattern arrays, (b) amine functionalization of Au to transfer the NIL-arrays from a rigid substrate to a soft transfer layer, (c) alginate hydrogel as a flexible, degradable transfer layer, and (d) gelatin conjugation of the Au NIL-arrays to achieve conformal contact with live cells. We demonstrate biotransfer printing of the Au NIL-arrays on rat brains and live cells with high pattern fidelity and cell viability and observed differences in cell migration on the Au NIL-dot and NIL-wire printed hydrogels. We anticipate that this nanolithography-compatible biotransfer printing method could advance bionics, biosensing, and biohybrid tissue interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Sang Kwok
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Soo Jin Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Gayatri J. Pahapale
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Center for MicroPhysiological Systems, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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2
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Kwok KS, Zuo Y, Choi SJ, Pahapale GJ, Gu L, Gracias DH. Toward single cell tattoos: Biotransfer printing of lithographic gold nanopatterns on live cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.28.542285. [PMID: 37292601 PMCID: PMC10245972 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.28.542285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lithographic nanopatterning techniques like photolithography, electron-beam lithography, and nanoimprint lithography (NIL) have revolutionized modern-day electronics and optics. Yet, their application for creating nano-bio interfaces is limited by the cytotoxic and two-dimensional nature of conventional fabrication methods. Here, we present a biocompatible and cost-effective transfer process that leverages (a) NIL to define sub-300 nm gold (Au) nanopattern arrays, (b) amine functionalization of Au to transfer the NIL-arrays from a rigid substrate to a soft transfer layer, (c) alginate hydrogel as a flexible, degradable transfer layer, and (d) gelatin conjugation of the Au NIL-arrays to achieve conformal contact with live cells. We demonstrate biotransfer printing of the Au NIL-arrays on rat brains and live cells with high pattern fidelity and cell viability and observed differences in cell migration on the Au NIL-dot and NIL-wire printed hydrogels. We anticipate that this nanolithography-compatible biotransfer printing method could advance bionics, biosensing, and biohybrid tissue interfaces.
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3
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Zhuo X, Mychinko M, Heyvaert W, Larios D, Obelleiro-Liz M, Taboada JM, Bals S, Liz-Marzán LM. Morphological and Optical Transitions during Micelle-Seeded Chiral Growth on Gold Nanorods. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19281-19292. [PMID: 36288463 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chiral plasmonics is a rapidly developing field where breakthroughs and unsolved problems coexist. We have recently reported binary surfactant-assisted seeded growth of chiral gold nanorods (Au NRs) with high chiroptical activity. Such a seeded-growth process involves the use of a chiral cosurfactant that induces micellar helicity, in turn driving the transition from achiral to chiral Au NRs, from both the morphological and the optical points of view. We report herein a detailed study on both transitions, which reveals intermediate states that were hidden so far. The correlation between structure and optical response is carefully analyzed, including the (linear and CD) spectral evolution over time, electron tomography, the impact of NR dimensions on their optical response, the variation of the absorption-to-scattering ratio during the evolution from achiral to chiral Au NRs, and the near-field enhancement related to chiral plasmon modes. Our findings provide further understanding of the growth process of chiral Au NRs and the associated optical changes, which will facilitate further study and applications of chiral nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhuo
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San, Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San, Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mikhail Mychinko
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT) and NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wouter Heyvaert
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT) and NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - David Larios
- Departamento de Tecnología de los Computadores y de las Comunicaciones, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Manuel Obelleiro-Liz
- EM3 Works, Spin-off of the University of Vigo and the University of Extremadura, PTL Valladares, 36315 Vigo, Spain
| | - José M Taboada
- Departamento de Tecnología de los Computadores y de las Comunicaciones, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT) and NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San, Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San, Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Zhang L, Gao K, Lu F, Xu L, Rahmani M, Sun L, Gao F, Zhang W, Mei T. Visible-Band Chiroptical Meta-devices with Phase-Change Adjusted Optical Chirality. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7628-7635. [PMID: 36112094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost large-area chirality meta-devices (CMDs) with adjustable optical chirality are of great interest for polarization-sensitive imaging, stereoscopic display, enantioselectivity analysis, and catalysis. Currently, CMDs with adjusted chiroptical responses in the mid-infrared to terahertz band have been demonstrated by exploiting photocarriers of silicon, pressure, and phase-change of GSTs but are still absent in the visible band, which in turn limits the development of chiral nanophotonic devices. Herein, by employing a phase-change material (Sb2S3), we present a protocol for the fabrication of wafer-scale visible-band enantiomeric CMDs with handedness, spectral, and polarization adjustability. As measured by circular dichroism, the chirality signs of CMDs enantiomers can be adjusted with Sb2S3 from amorphous to crystalline, and the chirality resonance wavelength can also be adjusted. Our results suggest a new type of meta-devices with adjustable chiroptical responses that may potentially enable a wide range of chirality nanophotonic applications including highly sensitive sensing and surface-enhanced nanospectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Kun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Fanfan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Advanced Optics & Photonics Laboratory, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Mohsen Rahmani
- Advanced Optics & Photonics Laboratory, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Lixun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Feng Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wending Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Ting Mei
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
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5
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Li F, Chandrasekar S, Ahmed A, Klinkova A. Interparticle gap geometry effects on chiroptical properties of plasmonic nanoparticle assemblies. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:125203. [PMID: 34852331 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3f12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chiral linear assemblies of plasmonic nanoparticles with chiral optical activity often show low asymmetry factors. Systematic understanding of the structure-property relationship in these systems must be improved to facilitate rational design of their chiroptical response. Here we study the effect of large area interparticle gaps in chiral linear nanoparticle assemblies on their chiroptical properties using a tetrahelix structure formed by a linear face-to-face assembly of nanoscale Au tetrahedra. Using finite-difference time-domain and finite element methods, we performed in-depth evaluation of the extinction spectra and electric field distribution in the tetrahelix structure and its dependence on various geometric parameters. The reported structure supports various plasmonic modes, one of which shows a strong incident light handedness selectivity that is associated with large face-to-face junctions. This works highlights the importance of gap engineering in chiral plasmonic assemblies to achieveg-factors greater than 1 and produce structures with a handedness-selective optical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Skandan Chandrasekar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA 90840, United States of America
| | - Anna Klinkova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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6
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Bai J, Yao Y. Highly Efficient Anisotropic Chiral Plasmonic Metamaterials for Polarization Conversion and Detection. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14263-14274. [PMID: 34383483 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic chiral metamaterials have attracted broad research interest because of their potential applications in optical communication, biomedical diagnosis, polarization imaging, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. However, optical losses in plasmonic structures severely limit practical applications. Here, we present the design concept and experimental demonstration for highly efficient subwavelength-thick plasmonic chiral metamaterials with strong chirality. The proposed designs utilize plasmonic metasurfaces to control the phase and polarization of light and exploit anisotropic thin-film interference effects to enhance optical chirality while minimizing optical loss. Based on such design concepts, we demonstrated experimentally optical devices such as circular polarization filters with transmission efficiency up to 90% and extinction ratio >180, polarization converters with conversion efficiency up to 90%, as well as on-chip integrated microfilter arrays for full Stokes polarization detection with high accuracy over a broad wavelength range (3.5-5 μm). The proposed design concepts are applicable from near-infrared to Terahertz regions via structural engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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7
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Li Y, Bai Y, Zhang Z, Abudukelimu A, Ren Y, Muhammad I, Li Q, Zhang Z. Enhanced circular dichroism of plasmonic chiral system due to indirect coupling of two unaligned nanorods with metal film. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:6742-6747. [PMID: 34613151 DOI: 10.1364/ao.432156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) demonstrates broad application prospects in enantioselective catalysis, chiral separation, and ultrasensitive detection. Increasing the CD intensity of easily fabricated plasmonic nanostructures will promote the application of these artificial nanostructures. A chiral plasmonic system that consists of two unaligned nanorods and a metal film is proposed in this study to achieve a large CD effect. Indirect coupling of a nanorod-film-nanorod in the proposed chiral plasmonic system generates a larger CD intensity compared to the direct coupling of a nanorod-nanorod. In addition, the effects of structural parameters on the CD effect of the proposed system are numerically investigated. Results showed that the indirect coupling is strongly dependent on the separation between the nanorod and the metal film. The results of this study can provide an effective strategy to enhance the CD effect of plasmonic chiral systems.
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8
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Straus DB, Cava RJ. Generalizing the Chiral Self-Assembly of Spheres and Tetrahedra to Non-Spherical and Polydisperse Molecules in (C 70) x(C 60) 1-x(SnI 4) 2. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4753-4756. [PMID: 34014669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe the spontaneous chiral self-assembly of C70 with SnI4 as well as a mixture of C60 and C70 with SnI4. Macroscopic single crystals with the formula (C70)x(C60)1-x(SnI4)2 (x = 0-1) are reported. C60, which is spherical, and C70, which is ellipsoidal, form a solid solution in these crystals, and the cubic lattice parameter of the chiral phase linearly increases as x grows from 0 to 1 in accordance with Vegard's law. Our results demonstrate that nonspherical particles and polydispersity are not an impediment to the growth of chiral crystals from high-symmetry achiral precursors, providing a route to assemble achiral particles including colloidal nanocrystals and engineered nanostructures into chiral materials without the need to use external templates or forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Straus
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert J Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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9
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Yang Y, Wang L, Yang H, Li Q. 3D Chiral Photonic Nanostructures Based on Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystals. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Huai Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Quan Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
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10
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Golze SD, Porcu S, Zhu C, Sutter E, Ricci PC, Kinzel EC, Hughes RA, Neretina S. Sequential Symmetry-Breaking Events as a Synthetic Pathway for Chiral Gold Nanostructures with Spiral Geometries. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2919-2925. [PMID: 33764074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c05105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Symmetry-breaking synthetic controls allow for nanostructure geometries that are counter to the underlying crystal symmetry of a material. If suitably applied, such controls provide the means to drive an isotropic metal along a growth pathway yielding a three-dimensional chiral geometry. Herein, we present a light-driven solution-based synthesis yielding helical gold spirals from substrate-bound seeds. The devised growth mode relies on three separate symmetry-breaking events ushered in by seeds lined with planar defects, a capping agent that severely frustrates early stage growth, and the Coulombic repulsion that occurs when identically charged growth fronts collide. Together they combine to advance a growth pathway in which planar growth emanates from one side of the seed, advances to encircle the seed from both clockwise and counterclockwise directions, and then, upon collision of the two growth fronts, sees one front rise above the other to realize a self-perpetuating three-dimensional spiral structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer D Golze
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Stefania Porcu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.p. no. 8 Km0700, 09042 Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Chen Zhu
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Eli Sutter
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Pier Carlo Ricci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.p. no. 8 Km0700, 09042 Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Edward C Kinzel
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Robert A Hughes
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Svetlana Neretina
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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11
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Moore TC, Anderson JA, Glotzer SC. Shape-driven entropic self-assembly of an open, reconfigurable, binary host-guest colloidal crystal. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:2840-2848. [PMID: 33564812 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02073g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Entropically driven self-assembly of hard anisotropic particles, where particle shape gives rise to emergent valencies, provides a useful perspective for the design of nanoparticle and colloidal systems. Hard particles self-assemble into a rich variety of crystal structures, ranging in complexity from simple close-packed structures to structures with 432 particles in the unit cell. Entropic crystallization of open structures, however, is missing from this landscape. Here, we report the self-assembly of a two-dimensional binary mixture of hard particles into an open host-guest structure, where nonconvex, triangular host particles form a honeycomb lattice that encapsulates smaller guest particles. Notably, this open structure forms in the absence of enthalpic interactions by effectively splitting the structure into low- and high-entropy sublattices. This is the first such structure to be reported in a two-dimensional athermal system. We discuss the observed compartmentalization of entropy in this system, and show that the effect of the size of the guest particle on the stability of the structure gives rise to a reentrant phase behavior. This reentrance suggests the possibility for a reconfigurable colloidal material, and we provide a proof-of-concept by showing the assembly behavior while changing the size of the guest particles in situ. Our findings provide a strategy for designing open colloidal crystals, as well as binary systems that exhibit co-crystallization, which have been elusive thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Moore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Joshua A Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Sharon C Glotzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. and Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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12
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Lin CY, Liu CC, Chen YY, Chiu KY, Wu JD, Lin BL, Wang CH, Chen YF, Chang SH, Chang YC. Molecular Chirality Detection with Periodic Arrays of Three-Dimensional Twisted Metamaterials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1152-1157. [PMID: 33350805 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of the handiness of chiral molecules is an important topic for pharmaceutical industries because chiral drugs with opposing handiness sometimes exhibit unwanted side effects. In this research, a rapid optical method is proposed to determine the handiness of the chiral drug "Thalidomide". The platform is a large array of three-dimensional (3D) twisted metamaterials fabricated with a novel method by combining nanospherical-lens lithography (NLL) and hole-mask lithography (HML). The fabrication is high-throughput and the twisted metamaterials cover a large area. Strong circular dichroism (CD) response is observed in the near-infrared (NIR) region, which enables the chiral detection to be performed by a low-cost and portable spectroscope system. The proposed nanofabrication method significantly improves the capabilities of NLL and HML, which can be quickly adapted to fabricate various periodic 3D metamaterials. In addition, the results of this research pave the road for the rapid penetration of nanophotonics into the pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Lin
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Liu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chiu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-De Wu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Lin Lin
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Han Wang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hui Chang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chorng Chang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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13
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Manoccio M, Esposito M, Passaseo A, Cuscunà M, Tasco V. Focused Ion Beam Processing for 3D Chiral Photonics Nanostructures. MICROMACHINES 2020; 12:6. [PMID: 33374782 PMCID: PMC7823276 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The focused ion beam (FIB) is a powerful piece of technology which has enabled scientific and technological advances in the realization and study of micro- and nano-systems in many research areas, such as nanotechnology, material science, and the microelectronic industry. Recently, its applications have been extended to the photonics field, owing to the possibility of developing systems with complex shapes, including 3D chiral shapes. Indeed, micro-/nano-structured elements with precise geometrical features at the nanoscale can be realized by FIB processing, with sizes that can be tailored in order to tune optical responses over a broad spectral region. In this review, we give an overview of recent efforts in this field which have involved FIB processing as a nanofabrication tool for photonics applications. In particular, we focus on FIB-induced deposition and FIB milling, employed to build 3D nanostructures and metasurfaces exhibiting intrinsic chirality. We describe the fabrication strategies present in the literature and the chiro-optical behavior of the developed structures. The achieved results pave the way for the creation of novel and advanced nanophotonic devices for many fields of application, ranging from polarization control to integration in photonic circuits to subwavelength imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Manoccio
- Department of Mathematics and Physics Ennio De Giorgi, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (V.T.)
| | - Marco Esposito
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (V.T.)
| | - Adriana Passaseo
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (V.T.)
| | - Massimo Cuscunà
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (V.T.)
| | - Vittorianna Tasco
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.); (V.T.)
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14
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Song B, Jiang Z, Liu Z, Wang Y, Liu F, Cronin SB, Yang H, Meng D, Chen B, Hu P, Schwartzberg AM, Cabrini S, Haas S, Wu W. Probing the Mechanisms of Strong Fluorescence Enhancement in Plasmonic Nanogaps with Sub-nanometer Precision. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14769-14778. [PMID: 33095557 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-enhanced fluorescence is demonstrated in the vicinity of metal surfaces due to strong local field enhancement. Meanwhile, fluorescence quenching is observed as the spacing between fluorophore molecules and the adjacent metal is reduced below a threshold of a few nanometers. Here, we introduce a technology, placing the fluorophore molecules in plasmonic hotspots between pairs of collapsible nanofingers with tunable gap sizes at sub-nanometer precision. Optimal gap sizes with maximum plasmon enhanced fluorescence are experimentally identified for different dielectric spacer materials. The ultrastrong local field enhancement enables simultaneous detection and characterization of sharp Raman fingerprints in the fluorescence spectra. This platform thus enables in situ monitoring of competing excitation enhancement and emission quenching processes. We systematically investigate the mechanisms behind fluorescence quenching. A quantum mechanical model is developed which explains the experimental data and will guide the future design of plasmon enhanced spectroscopy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxiang Song
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Zhihao Jiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Zerui Liu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yunxiang Wang
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Fanxin Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310023
| | - Stephen B Cronin
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Hao Yang
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Deming Meng
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Buyun Chen
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Pan Hu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Adam M Schwartzberg
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stefano Cabrini
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephan Haas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Wei Wu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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15
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Szustakiewicz P, Kowalska N, Grzelak D, Narushima T, Góra M, Bagiński M, Pociecha D, Okamoto H, Liz-Marzán LM, Lewandowski W. Supramolecular Chirality Synchronization in Thin Films of Plasmonic Nanocomposites. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12918-12928. [PMID: 32886482 PMCID: PMC7596782 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mirror symmetry breaking in materials is a fascinating phenomenon that has practical implications for various optoelectronic technologies. Chiral plasmonic materials are particularly appealing due to their strong and specific interactions with light. In this work we broaden the portfolio of available strategies toward the preparation of chiral plasmonic assemblies, by applying the principles of chirality synchronization-a phenomenon known for small molecules, which results in the formation of chiral domains from transiently chiral molecules. We report the controlled cocrystallization of 23 nm gold nanoparticles and liquid crystal molecules yielding domains made of highly ordered, helical nanofibers, preferentially twisted to the right or to the left within each domain. We confirmed that such micrometer sized domains exhibit strong, far-field circular dichroism (CD) signals, even though the bulk material is racemic. We further highlight the potential of the proposed approach to realize chiral plasmonic thin films by using a mechanical chirality discrimination method. Toward this end, we developed a rapid CD imaging technique based on the use of polarized light optical microscopy (POM), which enabled probing the CD signal with micrometer-scale resolution, despite of linear dichroism and birefringence in the sample. The developed methodology allows us to extend intrinsically local effects of chiral synchronization to the macroscopic scale, thereby broadening the available tools for chirality manipulation in chiral plasmonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szustakiewicz
- Laboratory
of Organic Nanomaterials and Biomolecules, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Kowalska
- Laboratory
of Organic Nanomaterials and Biomolecules, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Grzelak
- Laboratory
of Organic Nanomaterials and Biomolecules, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tetsuya Narushima
- Institute
for Molecular Science (IMS) and The Graduate University for Advanced
Studies (SOKENDAI), 38
Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Monika Góra
- Laboratory
of Organic Nanomaterials and Biomolecules, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Bagiński
- Laboratory
of Organic Nanomaterials and Biomolecules, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 101 Żwirki i Wigury, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hiromi Okamoto
- Institute
for Molecular Science (IMS) and The Graduate University for Advanced
Studies (SOKENDAI), 38
Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology
Alliance (BRTA), Paseo
de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación en Biomédica Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Wiktor Lewandowski
- Laboratory
of Organic Nanomaterials and Biomolecules, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- (W.L.)
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16
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Cheng B, Zou Y, Shao H, Li T, Song G. Full-Stokes imaging polarimetry based on a metallic metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:27324-27336. [PMID: 32988029 DOI: 10.1364/oe.400622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We use a single-layer thick metallic metasurface to design the 0-,45- and 90-degree polarizers with transmission efficiencies exceeding 95% based on the bright electric dipole resonance and dark magnetic dipole resonance. In addition, we utilize a bilayer metallic metasurface (forming an efficient Fabry-Perot resonator) to propose a circularly polarizing dichroism waveplate (CPDW). The circular polarization dichroism (CPD = IRCP - ILCP.) in the transmission mode at 1.6 µm wavelength reaches 89% and the extinction ratio (ER = IRCP/ILCP) is 830:1. These four polarizing elements are integrated to form a full Stokes pixel that almost accurately measures arbitrary polarized light at λ0 = 1.6 µm (including elliptically polarized light).
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17
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Dong WJ, Yu HK, Lee JL. Abnormal dewetting of Ag layer on three-dimensional ITO branches to form spatial plasmonic nanoparticles for organic solar cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12819. [PMID: 32733037 PMCID: PMC7393491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic structures have attracted great attention because abnormal wetting behavior of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) on 3D nanostructure can enhance the localized surface plasmons (LSPs). However, previous 3D plasmonic nanostructures inherently had weak plasmonic light absorption, low electrical conductivity, and optical transmittance. Here, we fabricated a novel 3D plasmonic nanostructure composed of Ag NPs as the metal for strong LSPs and 3D nano-branched indium tin oxide (ITO BRs) as a transparent and conductive framework. The Ag NPs formed on the ITO BRs have a more dewetted behavior than those formed on the ITO films. We experimentally investigated the reasons for the dewetting behavior of Ag NPs concerning the geometry of ITO BRs. The spherical Ag NPs are spatially separated and have high density, thereby resulting in strong LSPs. Finite-domain time-difference simulation evidenced that spatially-separated, high-density and spherical Ag NPs formed on ITO BRs dramatically boost the localized electric field in the active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs). Photocurrent of PTB7:PCBM OSCs with the ITO BRs/Ag NPs increased by 14%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Jae Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Ki Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lam Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Goerlitzer ESA, Speichermann LE, Mirza TA, Mohammadi R, Vogel N. Addressing the plasmonic hotspot region by site-specific functionalization of nanostructures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:394-400. [PMID: 36133983 PMCID: PMC9418013 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00757a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Strong electromagnetic fields emerge around resonant plasmonic nanostructures, focusing the light in tiny volumes, usually referred to as hotspots. These hotspots are the key regions governing plasmonic applications since they strongly enhance properties, signals or energies arising from the interaction with light. For a maximum efficiency, target molecules or objects would be exclusively placed within hotspot regions. Here, we propose a reliable, universal and high-throughput method for the site-specific functionalization of hotspot regions over macroscopic areas. We demonstrate the feasibility of the approach using crescent-shaped nanostructures, which can be fabricated using colloidal lithography. These structures feature polarization-dependent resonances and near-field enhancement at their tips, which we use as target regions for the site-selective functionalization. We modify the fabrication process and introduce a defined passivation layer covering the central parts of the gold nanocrescent, which, in turn, selectively uncovers the tips and thus enables a localized functionalization with thiol molecules. We demonstrate and visualize a successful targeting of the hotspot regions by binding small gold nanoparticles and show a targeting efficiency of 90%. Finally, we demonstrate the versatility of the method exemplarily by translating the principle to different nanostructure geometries and architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S A Goerlitzer
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 4 D-91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Lutz E Speichermann
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 4 D-91058 Erlangen Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Talha A Mirza
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 4 D-91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 4 D-91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 4 D-91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Haberstraße 9 D-91058 Erlangen Germany
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19
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Chen W, Guo J, Zhao Q, Gopalan P, Fafarman AT, Keller A, Zhang M, Wu Y, Murray CB, Kagan CR. Designing Strong Optical Absorbers via Continuous Tuning of Interparticle Interaction in Colloidal Gold Nanocrystal Assemblies. ACS NANO 2019; 13:7493-7501. [PMID: 31136152 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We program the optical properties of colloidal Au nanocrystal (NC) assemblies via an unconventional ligand hybridization (LH) strategy to precisely engineer interparticle interactions and design materials with optical properties difficult or impossible to achieve in bulk form. Long-chain hydrocarbon ligands used in NC synthesis are partially exchanged, from 0% to 100%, with compact thiocyanate ligands by controlling the reaction time for exchange. The resulting NC assemblies show transmittance, reflectance, optical permittivity, and direct-current (DC) resistivity that continuously traverse a dielectric-metal transition, providing analog tuning of their physical properties, unlike the digital control realized by complete exchange with ligands of varying length. Exploiting this LH strategy, we create Au NC assemblies that are strong, ultrathin film optical absorbers, as seen by a 6× increase in the extinction of infrared light compared to that in bulk Au thin films and by a temperature rise of 20 °C upon illumination with 808 nm light. Our LH strategy may be applied to the design of materials constructed from NCs of different size, shape, and composition for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aaron T Fafarman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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20
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Basiri A, Chen X, Bai J, Amrollahi P, Carpenter J, Holman Z, Wang C, Yao Y. Nature-inspired chiral metasurfaces for circular polarization detection and full-Stokes polarimetric measurements. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:78. [PMID: 31645924 PMCID: PMC6804686 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation and characterization of light polarization states are essential for many applications in quantum communication and computing, spectroscopy, bioinspired navigation, and imaging. Chiral metamaterials and metasurfaces facilitate ultracompact devices for circularly polarized light generation, manipulation, and detection. Herein, we report bioinspired chiral metasurfaces with both strong chiral optical effects and low insertion loss. We experimentally demonstrated submicron-thick circularly polarized light filters with peak extinction ratios up to 35 and maximum transmission efficiencies close to 80% at near-infrared wavelengths (the best operational wavelengths can be engineered in the range of 1.3-1.6 µm). We also monolithically integrated the microscale circular polarization filters with linear polarization filters to perform full-Stokes polarimetric measurements of light with arbitrary polarization states. With the advantages of easy on-chip integration, ultracompact footprints, scalability, and broad wavelength coverage, our designs hold great promise for facilitating chip-integrated polarimeters and polarimetric imaging systems for quantum-based optical computing and information processing, circular dichroism spectroscopy, biomedical diagnosis, and remote sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Basiri
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Xiahui Chen
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Pouya Amrollahi
- Biodesign Centre for Molecular Design & Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Joe Carpenter
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Zachary Holman
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Biodesign Centre for Molecular Design & Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
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