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Li L, Zhang Q, Geng D, Meng H, Hu W. Atomic engineering of two-dimensional materials via liquid metals. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:7158-7201. [PMID: 38847021 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00295d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials, known for their distinctive electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, have attracted considerable attention. The precise atomic-scale synthesis of 2D materials opens up new frontiers in nanotechnology, presenting novel opportunities for material design and property control but remains challenging due to the high expense of single-crystal solid metal catalysts. Liquid metals, with their fluidity, ductility, dynamic surface, and isotropy, have significantly enhanced the catalytic processes crucial for synthesizing 2D materials, including decomposition, diffusion, and nucleation, thus presenting an unprecedented precise control over material structures and properties. Besides, the emergence of liquid alloy makes the creation of diverse heterostructures possible, offering a new dimension for atomic engineering. Significant achievements have been made in this field encompassing defect-free preparation, large-area self-aligned array, phase engineering, heterostructures, etc. This review systematically summarizes these contributions from the aspects of fundamental synthesis methods, liquid catalyst selection, resulting 2D materials, and atomic engineering. Moreover, the review sheds light on the outlook and challenges in this evolving field, providing a valuable resource for deeply understanding this field. The emergence of liquid metals has undoubtedly revolutionized the traditional nanotechnology for preparing 2D materials on solid metal catalysts, offering flexible possibilities for the advancement of next-generation electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dechao Geng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hong Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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Sumaiya SA, Demiroglu I, Caylan OR, Buke GC, Sevik C, Baykara MZ. Atomically Resolved Defects on Thin Molybdenum Carbide (α-Mo 2C) Crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37494546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Thin transition metal carbides (TMCs) garnered significant attention in recent years due to their attractive combination of mechanical and electrical properties with chemical and thermal stability. On the other hand, a complete picture of how defects affect the physical properties and application potential of this emerging class of materials is lacking. Here, we present an atomic-resolution study of defects on thin crystals of molybdenum carbide (α-Mo2C) grown via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) by way of conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) measurements under ambient conditions. Defects are characterized based on the type (enhancement/attenuation) and spatial extent (compact/extended) of the effect they have on the conductivity landscape of the crystal surfaces. Ab initio calculations performed by way of density functional theory (DFT) are employed to gather clues about the identity of the defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima A Sumaiya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Ilker Demiroglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir 26555, Turkey
| | - Omer R Caylan
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Graduate Program, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Goknur Cambaz Buke
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Graduate Program, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Cem Sevik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir 26555, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Z Baykara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
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Yu M, Hu Z, Zhou J, Lu Y, Guo W, Zhang Z. Retrieving Grain Boundaries in 2D Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205593. [PMID: 36461686 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The coalescence of randomly distributed grains with different crystallographic orientations can result in pervasive grain boundaries (GBs) in 2D materials during their chemical synthesis. GBs not only are the inherent structural imperfection that causes influential impacts on structures and properties of 2D materials, but also have emerged as a platform for exploring unusual physics and functionalities stemming from dramatic changes in local atomic organization and even chemical makeup. Here, recent advances in studying the formation mechanism, atomic structures, and functional properties of GBs in a range of 2D materials are reviewed. By analyzing the growth mechanism and the competition between far-field strain and local chemical energies of dislocation cores, a complete understanding of the rich GB morphologies as well as their dependence on lattice misorientations and chemical compositions is presented. Mechanical, electronic, and chemical properties tied to GBs in different materials are then discussed, towards raising the concept of using GBs as a robust atomic-scale scaffold for realizing tailored functionalities, such as magnetism, luminescence, and catalysis. Finally, the future opportunities in retrieving GBs for making functional devices and the major challenges in the controlled formation of GB structures for designed applications are commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Zhili Hu
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Jingzhuo Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Zhuhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Guo C, Wang Y. Molybdenum Carbide-Based Photocatalysts: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12739-12756. [PMID: 36245364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As an effective non-noble, molybdenum carbide (MoxC: MoC or Mo2C) has attracted extensive attention and is regarded as a promising research area in the near future owing to its good biocompatibility, high stability, band gap adjustability, rich valence states, and excellent catalytic activity. This Perspective summarizes the recent progress and achievements for the molybdenum carbide-based catalysts. First, the crystal and band structures of molybdenum carbides are generally presented. Second, various modifying strategies for molybdenum carbides are outlined to enhance the photocatalytic performance, including doping engineering, vacancy engineering, morphology and structure engineering, and the establishment of molybdenum carbide-based composite catalysts. Finally, potential applications in the photocatalysis area of molybdenum carbide-based photocatalyst are generalized. Future development trends and perspective for this promising material are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Chaofei Guo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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Sun Y, Zhang B, Zhang S, Zhang D, Dong J, Long M. Strain modulation on the spin transport properties of PTB junctions with MoC 2 electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3875-3885. [PMID: 35088774 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04563f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on MoC2 nanoribbons and poly-(terphenylene-butadiynylene) (PTB) molecules, we designed MoC2-PTB molecular spintronic devices and investigated their spin-dependent electron transport properties by using spin-polarized density functional theory and the non-equilibrium Green's function method. As a typical MXene material, it is found that the magnetic contribution of MoC2 nanoribbons mainly comes from the delocalized 3d electron of edge Mo atoms. Owing to the obvious spin-splitting near the Fermi level of the MoC2 nanoribbon electrode, the spin states can be effectively injected into the central scattering region under an external bias voltage. In addition, we also studied the effects of z-axis strain on the spin transport properties of the PTB molecular device, where the strain was controlled within the range of -9% to 9%. Under a compressed strain, spin current increases obviously, and the spin-filtering efficiency (SFE) decreases slightly. Nevertheless, under a tensile strain, we found that the SFE increases but spin current decreases. Moreover, z-axis strain can induce a negative differential resistance (NDR) effect at a high bias point. This work would expand the potential applications of new two-dimensional (2D) materials in the field of molecular spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxing Sun
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Device, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China. .,School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Device, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China. .,School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Micro-structure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Shidong Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Micro-structure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Science, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Jiwei Dong
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Device, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China. .,School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Mengqiu Long
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Micro-structure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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Xie H, Pan H, Bai J, Xie D, Yang P, Li S, Jin J, Huang Q, Ren Y, Qin G. Twin Boundary Superstructures Assembled by Periodic Segregation of Solute Atoms. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9642-9650. [PMID: 34757745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Twinning is a common deformation mechanism in metals, and twin boundary (TB) segregation of impurities/solutes plays an important role in the performances of alloys such as thermostability, mobility, and even strengthening. The occurrence of such segregation phenomena is generally believed as a one-layer coverage of solutes alternately distributed at extension/compression sites, in an orderly, continuous manner. However, in the Mn-free and Mn-containing Mg-Nd model systems, we reported unexpected three- and five-layered discontinuous segregation patterns of the coherent {101̅1} TBs, and not all the extension sites occupied by solutes larger in size than Mg, and even some larger sized solutes taking the compression sites. Nd/Mn solutes selectively segregate at substitutional sites and thus to generate two new types of ordered two-dimensional TB superstructures or complexions. These findings refresh the understanding of solute segregation in the perfect coherent TBs and provide a meaningful theoretical guidance for designing materials via targeted TB segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Xie
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hucheng Pan
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Junyuan Bai
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Dongsheng Xie
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Peijun Yang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jianfeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Qiuyan Huang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuping Ren
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Research Center for Metal Wires, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Gaowu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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Qin T, Wang Z, Wang Y, Besenbacher F, Otyepka M, Dong M. Recent Progress in Emerging Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:183. [PMID: 34417663 PMCID: PMC8379312 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00710-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
As a new member in two-dimensional materials family, transition metal carbides (TMCs) have many excellent properties, such as chemical stability, in-plane anisotropy, high conductivity and flexibility, and remarkable energy conversation efficiency, which predispose them for promising applications as transparent electrode, flexible electronics, broadband photodetectors and battery electrodes. However, up to now, their device applications are in the early stage, especially because their controllable synthesis is still a great challenge. This review systematically summarized the state-of-the-art research in this rapidly developing field with particular focus on structure, property, synthesis and applicability of TMCs. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are outlined for the application of 2D TMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Qin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zegao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Yang L, Chen W, Yang R, Chen A, Zhang H, Sun Y, Jia Y, Li X, Tang Z, Gui X. Fabrication of MoO x/Mo 2C-Layered Hybrid Structures by Direct Thermal Oxidation of Mo 2C. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:10755-10762. [PMID: 32031373 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) Mo2C, as a new member of transition metal carbides, has many intriguing properties and potential applications in superconductors and electronic devices. The thermal stability of 2D materials is essential for the performance of the related devices, especially the ones with a vertical heterostructure. However, rare reports have demonstrated the thermal stability of Mo2C and the effects of thermal stability on its performance. Here, we propose a facile and controllable method to directly oxidize Mo2C to MoOx, forming a MoOx/Mo2C heterostructure. During the oxidization process, an in situ technique is employed to uncover the transformation and thermal stability of the Mo2C. The chemical vapor deposition Mo2C shows high structural stability below 550 °C in Ar or below 350 °C in O2, which demonstrates the high thermal stability and antioxidation of the Mo2C film. The metallic Mo2C is gradually oxidized to semiconducting MoOx as the temperature increases above 350 °C. The oxidization rate can be easily controlled by adjusting the oxidation temperature and time. Further, the obtained MoOx/Mo2C vertical hybrid structure shows obvious Schottky junction behaviors, strongly indicating the perfect interfacial contact between the component layers. This work offers a new strategy for the controllable fabrication of high-quality 2D heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rongliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Anqi Chen
- College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center (IARC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yibo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yufei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinming Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zikang Tang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Xuchun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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