1
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Jin L, Selopal GS, Tong X, Perepichka DF, Wang ZM, Rosei F. Heavy-Metal-Free Colloidal Quantum Dots: Progress and Opportunities in Solar Technologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402912. [PMID: 38923167 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) hold great promise as building blocks in solar technologies owing to their remarkable photostability and adjustable properties through the rationale involving size, atomic composition of core and shell, shapes, and surface states. However, most high-performing QDs in solar conversion contain hazardous metal elements, including Cd and Pb, posing significant environmental risks. Here, a comprehensive review of heavy-metal-free colloidal QDs for solar technologies, including photovoltaic (PV) devices, solar-to-chemical fuel conversion, and luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), is presented. Emerging synthetic strategies to optimize the optical properties by tuning the energy band structure and manipulating charge dynamics within the QDs and at the QDs/charge acceptors interfaces, are analyzed. A comparative analysis of different synthetic methods is provided, structure-property relationships in these materials are discussed, and they are correlated with the performance of solar devices. This work is concluded with an outlook on challenges and opportunities for future work, including machine learning-based design, sustainable synthesis, and new surface/interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, National Institute of Scientific Research, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X1P7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gurpreet Singh Selopal
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 39 Cox Rd, Banting Building, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Xin Tong
- Shimmer Center, Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu, 641419, P. R. China
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Shimmer Center, Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu, 641419, P. R. China
| | - Federico Rosei
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
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2
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Uematsu T, Izumi R, Sugano S, Sugano R, Hirano T, Motomura G, Torimoto T, Kuwabata S. Spectrally narrow band-edge photoluminescence from AgInS 2-based core/shell quantum dots for electroluminescence applications. Faraday Discuss 2024; 250:281-297. [PMID: 37966107 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00142c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a facile synthesis of cadmium-free ternary and quaternary quantum dots (QDs) and their application to light-emitting diode (LED) devices. AgInS2 ternary QDs, developed as a substitute for cadmium chalcogenide QDs, exhibited spectrally broad photoluminescence due to intrinsic defect levels. Our group has successfully achieved narrow band-edge PL by a coating with gallium sulfide shell. Subsequently, an intrinsic difficulty in the synthesis of multinary compound QDs, which often results in unnecessary byproducts, was surmounted by a new approach involving the nucleation of silver sulfide followed by material conversion to the intended composition (silver indium gallium sulfide). By fine-tuning this reaction and bringing the starting material closer to stoichiometric compositional ratios, atom economy was further improved. These QDs have been tested in LED applications, but the standard device encountered a significant defective emission that would have been eliminated by the gallium sulfide shells. This problem is addressed by introducing gallium oxide as a new electron transport layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Uematsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Izumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shoki Sugano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Riku Sugano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Genichi Motomura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Science & Technology Research Laboratories, Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK), Tokyo 157-8510, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Torimoto
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Susumu Kuwabata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Jeong S, Ko M, Nam S, Oh JH, Park SM, Do YR, Song JK. Enhancement mechanism of quantum yield in core/shell/shell quantum dots of ZnS-AgIn 5S 8/ZnIn 2S 4/ZnS. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:925-933. [PMID: 38298589 PMCID: PMC10825935 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01052j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
To achieve a high quantum yield (QY) of nanomaterials suitable for optical applications, we improved the optical properties of AgIn5S8 (AIS) quantum dots (QDs) by employing an alloyed-core/inner-shell/outer-shell (ZAIS/ZIS/ZnS) structure. We also investigated the mechanism of optical transitions to clarify the improvement of QYs. In AIS, the low-energy absorption near the band edge region is attributed to the weakly allowed band gap transition, which gains oscillator strength through state intermixing and electron-phonon coupling. The main photoluminescence is also ascribed to the weakly allowed band gap transition with characteristics of self-trapped excitonic emission. With alloying/shelling processes, the weakly allowed transition is enhanced by the evolution of the electronic structures in the alloyed core, which improves the band gap emission. In shelled structures, the nonradiative process is reduced by the reconstructed lattice and passivated surface, ultimately leading to a high QY of 85% in ZAIS/ZIS/ZnS. These findings provide new insights into the optical transitions of AIS because they challenge previous conclusions. In addition, our work elucidates the mechanism behind the enhancement of QY accomplished through alloying/shelling processes, providing strategies to optimize nontoxic QDs for various applications using a green chemistry approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghyun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Korea
| | - Minji Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University Seoul 02707 Korea
| | - Sangwon Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Korea
| | - Jun Hwan Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University Seoul 02707 Korea
| | - Seung Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Korea
| | - Young Rag Do
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University Seoul 02707 Korea
| | - Jae Kyu Song
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Korea
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4
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Jiang F, Wu Z, Lu M, Gao Y, Li X, Bai X, Ji Y, Zhang Y. Broadband Emission Origin in Metal Halide Perovskites: Are Self-Trapped Excitons or Ions? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211088. [PMID: 36988940 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
It has always been a goal to realize high efficiency and broadband emission in single-component materials. The appearance of metal halide perovskites makes it possible. Their soft lattice characteristics and significant electron-phonon coupling synergistically generate self-trapped excitons (STEs), contributing to a broadband emission with a large Stokes shift. Meanwhile, their structural/compositional diversity provides suitable active sites and coordination environments for doping of ns2 ions, allowing 3 Pn ( n =0,1,2) →1 S0 transitions toward broadband emission. The ns2 ions emission is phenomenologically similar to that of STE emission, hindering in-depth understanding of their emission origin, and leading to failure to meet the design requirements for practical applications. In this scenario, herein, the fundamentals and development of such two emission mechanisms are summarized to establish a clear and comprehensive understanding of the broadband emission phenomenon, which may pave the way to an ideal customization of broadband-emission metal halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- College of Physics, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhennan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yanbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ji
- College of Physics, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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5
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Chen B, Zheng W, Chun F, Xu X, Zhao Q, Wang F. Synthesis and hybridization of CuInS 2 nanocrystals for emerging applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8374-8409. [PMID: 37947021 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00611e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper indium sulfide (CuInS2) is a ternary A(I)B(III)X(VI)2-type semiconductor featuring a direct bandgap with a high absorption coefficient. In attempts to explore their practical applications, nanoscale CuInS2 has been synthesized with crystal sizes down to the quantum confinement regime. The merits of CuInS2 nanocrystals (NCs) include wide emission tunability, a large Stokes shift, long decay time, and eco-friendliness, making them promising candidates in photoelectronics and photovoltaics. Over the past two decades, advances in wet-chemistry synthesis have achieved rational control over cation-anion reactivity during the preparation of colloidal CuInS2 NCs and post-synthesis cation exchange. The precise nano-synthesis coupled with a series of hybridization strategies has given birth to a library of CuInS2 NCs with highly customizable photophysical properties. This review article focuses on the recent development of CuInS2 NCs enabled by advanced synthetic and hybridization techniques. We show that the state-of-the-art CuInS2 NCs play significant roles in optoelectronic and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Weilin Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Fengjun Chun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiuwen Xu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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6
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Deswal P, Samanta K, Ghosh D. The impact of spatially heterogeneous chemical doping on the electronic properties of CdSe quantum dots: insights from ab initio computation. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17055-17067. [PMID: 37846794 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04342h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of copper (Cu) impurity in semiconductor CdSe quantum dots (QDs) gives rise to unique photoluminescence (PL) bands exhibiting distinctive characteristics, like broad line width, significant Stokes shift, and complex temporal decay. The atomistic origins of these spectral features are yet to be understood comprehensively. We employed multiple computational techniques to systematically study the impact of the spatial heterogeneity of Cu atoms on the stability and photophysical properties, including the emission linewidth of doped QDs under ambient conditions. The Cu substitution introduces a spin-polarized intragap state, the energetic position of which is strongly dependent on the dopant location and causes spectral broadening in QD ensembles. Furthermore, the dopant dynamics under ambient conditions are significantly influenced by the specific arrangement of Cu within the QDs. The dynamic electronic structures of surface-doped CdSe illustrate more pronounced perturbations and vary the mid-gap state position more drastically than those of the core-doped QDs. Vibronic coupling broadens the photoluminescence peaks associated with the conduction band-to-defect level transition for individual QDs. These insights into the dynamic structure-photophysical property relationship suggest viable approaches, such as tuning the operational temperature and selective co-doping, to enhance the functional performances of doped CdSe QDs strategically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Deswal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Kushal Samanta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Dibyajyoti Ghosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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7
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Harchol A, Barak Y, Hughes KE, Hartstein KH, Jöbsis HJ, Prins PT, de Mello Donegá C, Gamelin DR, Lifshitz E. Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Cu-Doped CdSe/CdS and CuInS 2 Colloidal Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12866-12877. [PMID: 35913892 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper-doped II-VI and copper-based I-III-VI2 colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have been at the forefront of interest in nanocrystals over the past decade, attributable to their optically activated copper states. However, the related recombination mechanisms are still unclear. The current work elaborates on recombination processes in such materials by following the spin properties of copper-doped CdSe/CdS (Cu@CdSe/CdS) and of CuInS2 and CuInS2/(CdS, ZnS) core/shell CQDs using continuous-wave and time-resolved optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy. The Cu@CdSe/CdS ODMR showed two distinct resonances with different g factors and spin relaxation times. The best fit by a spin Hamiltonian simulation suggests that emission comes from recombination of a delocalized electron at the conduction band edge with a hole trapped in a Cu2+ site with a weak exchange coupling between the two spins. The ODMR spectra of CuInS2 CQDs (with and without shells) differ significantly from those of the copper-doped II-VI CQDs. They are comprised of a primary resonance accompanied by another resonance at half-field, with a strong correlation between the two, indicating the involvement of a triplet exciton and hence stronger electron-hole exchange coupling than in the doped core/shell CQDs. The spin Hamiltonian simulation shows that the hole is again associated with a photogenerated Cu2+ site. The electron resides near this Cu2+ site, and its ODMR spectrum shows contributions from superhyperfine coupling to neighboring indium atoms. These observations are consistent with the occurrence of a self-trapped exciton associated with the copper site. The results presented here support models under debate for over a decade and help define the magneto-optical properties of these important materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Harchol
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yahel Barak
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kira E Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Kimberly H Hartstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Huygen J Jöbsis
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Tim Prins
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Celso de Mello Donegá
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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8
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Xia C, Tamarat P, Hou L, Busatto S, Meeldijk JD, de Mello Donega C, Lounis B. Unraveling the Emission Pathways in Copper Indium Sulfide Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17573-17581. [PMID: 34546035 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor copper indium sulfide quantum dots are emerging as promising alternatives to cadmium- and lead-based chalcogenides in solar cells, luminescent solar concentrators, and deep-tissue bioimaging due to their inherently lower toxicity and outstanding photoluminescence properties. However, the nature of their emission pathways remains a subject of debate. Using low-temperature single quantum dot spectroscopy on core-shell copper indium sulfide nanocrystals, we observe two subpopulations of particles with distinct spectral features. The first class shows sharp resolution-limited emission lines that are attributed to zero-phonon recombination lines of a long-lived band-edge exciton. Such emission results from the perfect passivation of the copper indium sulfide core by the zinc sulfide shell and points to an inversion in the band-edge hole levels. The second class exhibits ultrabroad spectra regardless of the temperature, which is a signature of the extrinsic self-trapping of the hole assisted by defects in imperfectly passivated quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Xia
- LP2N, Université de Bordeaux, Talence F-33405, France
- LP2N, Institut d'Optique and CNRS, Talence F-33405, France
| | - Philippe Tamarat
- LP2N, Université de Bordeaux, Talence F-33405, France
- LP2N, Institut d'Optique and CNRS, Talence F-33405, France
| | - Lei Hou
- LP2N, Université de Bordeaux, Talence F-33405, France
- LP2N, Institut d'Optique and CNRS, Talence F-33405, France
| | - Serena Busatto
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes D Meeldijk
- Electron Microscopy Utrecht, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Celso de Mello Donega
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brahim Lounis
- LP2N, Université de Bordeaux, Talence F-33405, France
- LP2N, Institut d'Optique and CNRS, Talence F-33405, France
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9
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Unravelling an amine-regulated crystallization crossover to prove single/multicore effects on the biomedical and environmental catalytic activity of magnetic iron oxide colloids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:1585-1597. [PMID: 34742075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of reaction mechanisms in forming nanostructures is relevant to obtain robust and affordable protocols that can lead to materials with enhanced properties and good reproducibility. Here, the formation of magnetic iron oxide monocrystalline nanoflowers in polyol solvents using N-methyldiethanolamine (NMDEA) as co-solvent has been shown to occur through a non-classical crystallization pathway. This pathway involves intermediate mesocrystals that, in addition, can be transformed into large single colloidal nanocrystals. Interestingly, the crossover of a non-classical crystallization pathway to a classical crystallization pathway can be induced by merely changing the NMDEA concentration. The key is the stability of a green rust-like intermediate complex that modulates the nucleation rate and growth of magnetite nanocrystals. The crossover separates two crystallization domains (classical and non-classical) and three basic configurations (mesocrystals, large and small colloidal nanocrystals). The above finding facilitated the synthesis of magnetic materials with different configurations to suit various engineering applications. Consequently, the effect of the single and multicore configurations of magnetic iron oxide on the biomedical (magnetic hyperthermia and enzyme immobilization) and catalytic activity (Fenton-like reactions and photo-Fenton-like processes driven by visible light irradiation) has been experimentally demonstrated.
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10
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Morselli G, Villa M, Fermi A, Critchley K, Ceroni P. Luminescent copper indium sulfide (CIS) quantum dots for bioimaging applications. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:676-695. [PMID: 34264247 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Copper indium sulfide (CIS) quantum dots are ideal for bioimaging applications, by being characterized by high molar absorption coefficients throughout the entire visible spectrum, high photoluminescence quantum yield, high tolerance to the presence of lattice defects, emission tunability from the red to the near-infrared spectral region by changing their dimensions and composition, and long lifetimes (hundreds of nanoseconds) enabling time-gated detection to increase signal-to-noise ratio. The present review collects: (i) the most common procedures used to synthesize stable CIS QDs and the possible strategies to enhance their colloidal stability in aqueous environment, a property needed for bioimaging applications; (ii) their photophysical properties and parameters that affect the energy and brightness of their photoluminescence; (iii) toxicity and bioimaging applications of CIS QDs, including tumor targeting, time-gated detection and multimodal imaging, as well as theranostics. Future perspectives are analyzed in view of advantages and potential limitations of CIS QDs compared to most traditional QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Morselli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
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11
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Emission tuning of highly efficient quaternary Ag-Cu-Ga-Se/ZnSe quantum dots for white light-emitting diodes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 602:307-315. [PMID: 34130177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the blooming development of zero-dimensional nanomaterials, I-III-VI alloying quantum dots (QDs) with outstanding photoelectrical properties have emerged to attract much attention as promising environmentally-friendly substitutions for conventional binary Cd-based QDs. In this work, a facile one-pot method was introduced to synthesize unreported quaternary Ag-Cu-Ga-Se/ZnSe (ACGSe/ZnSe) QDs. A relatively high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of 71.9% and a tunable emission from 510 to 620 nm were successfully achieved. We explored the roles of alloying compositions in ACGSe/ZnSe QDs, inferring that increased Ag proportion would not only lower the Vdefect level which leads to the blue shift of emission, but also slow the ZnSe shelling process owing to the larger lattice distortion. At last, the white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) were fabricated with ACGSe/ZnSe QDs as the conversion layer, indicating that the as-prepared QDs are a promising candidate for further applications.
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12
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Hinterding SM, Mangnus MJJ, Prins PT, Jöbsis HJ, Busatto S, Vanmaekelbergh D, de Mello Donega C, Rabouw FT. Unusual Spectral Diffusion of Single CuInS 2 Quantum Dots Sheds Light on the Mechanism of Radiative Decay. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:658-665. [PMID: 33395305 PMCID: PMC7809691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The luminescence of CuInS2 quantum dots (QDs) is slower and spectrally broader than that of many other types of QDs. The origin of this anomalous behavior is still under debate. Single-QD experiments could help settle this debate, but studies by different groups have yielded conflicting results. Here, we study the photophysics of single core-only CuInS2 and core/shell CuInS2/CdS QDs. Both types of single QDs exhibit broad PL spectra with fluctuating peak position and single-exponential photoluminescence decay with a slow but fluctuating lifetime. Spectral diffusion of CuInS2-based QDs is qualitatively and quantitatively different from CdSe-based QDs. The differences reflect the dipole moment of the CuInS2 excited state and hole localization on a preferred site in the QD. Our results unravel the highly dynamic photophysics of CuInS2 QDs and highlight the power of the analysis of single-QD property fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn
O. M. Hinterding
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J. J. Mangnus
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P. Tim Prins
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Huygen J. Jöbsis
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Serena Busatto
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël Vanmaekelbergh
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Celso de Mello Donega
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy T. Rabouw
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Long Z, Zhang W, Tian J, Chen G, Liu Y, Liu R. Recent research on the luminous mechanism, synthetic strategies, and applications of CuInS2 quantum dots. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01228a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We discuss the synthesis and luminescence mechanisms of CuInS2 QDs, the strategies to improve their luminous performance and their potential application in light-emitting devices, solar energy conversion, and the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Long
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
- Grirem Advanced Materials Co. Ltd
- Beijing
- P. R China
| | - Wenda Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
- Grirem Advanced Materials Co. Ltd
- Beijing
- P. R China
| | - Junhang Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
- Grirem Advanced Materials Co. Ltd
- Beijing
- P. R China
| | - Guantong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
- Grirem Advanced Materials Co. Ltd
- Beijing
- P. R China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
- Grirem Advanced Materials Co. Ltd
- Beijing
- P. R China
| | - Ronghui Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals
- Grirem Advanced Materials Co. Ltd
- Beijing
- P. R China
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14
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Miropoltsev M, Kuznetsova V, Tkach A, Cherevkov S, Sokolova A, Osipova V, Gromova Y, Baranov M, Fedorov A, Gun’ko Y, Baranov A. FRET-Based Analysis of AgInS 2/ZnAgInS/ZnS Quantum Dot Recombination Dynamics. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122455. [PMID: 33302496 PMCID: PMC7763287 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ternary quantum dots (QDs) are very promising nanomaterials with a range of potential applications in photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, and biomedicine. Despite quite intensive studies of ternary QDs over the last years, the specific relaxation channels involved in their emission mechanisms are still poorly understood, particularly in the corresponding core-shell nanostructures. In the present work, we have studied the recombination pathways of AgInS2 QDs stabilized with the ZnAgInS alloy layer and the ZnS shell (AIS/ZAIS/ZnS QDs) using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. We have also investigated FRET in complexes of AIS/ZAIS/ZnS QDs and cyanine dyes with the absorption bands overlapping in the different regions of the QD emission spectrum, which allowed us to selectively quench the radiative transitions of the QDs. Our studies have demonstrated that FRET from QDs to dyes results in decreasing of all QD PL decay components with the shortest lifetime decreasing the most and the longest one decreasing the least. This research presents important approaches for the investigation of ternary QD luminescence mechanisms by the selective quenching of recombination pathways. These studies are also essential for potential applications of ternary QDs in photodynamic therapy, multiplex analysis, and time-resolved FRET sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Miropoltsev
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Vera Kuznetsova
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anton Tkach
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Sergei Cherevkov
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Anastasiia Sokolova
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Viktoria Osipova
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Yulia Gromova
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Mikhail Baranov
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Anatoly Fedorov
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Yurii Gun’ko
- Chemistry School, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Alexander Baranov
- Center of Information Optical Technology, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.C.); (A.S.); (V.O.); (Y.G.); (M.B.); (A.F.); (A.B.)
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15
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Wei X, Mei S, Yang B, Chen Z, Dai H, Hu Z, Zhang G, Xie F, Zhang W, Guo R. Optical and Morphological Properties of Single-Phased and Dual-Emissive InP/ZnS Quantum Dots via Transition Metallic and Inorganic Ions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10244-10250. [PMID: 32787042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-phased and dual-emissive nanocrystals with broad emission are attractive fluorescent materials for optoelectronic devices due to their unique properties. Until now, the effect of different metallic cations and inorganic anions on III-V group quantum dots (QDs) concerning luminescence features and crystalline growth has been less explored. In this work, dual-emissive InP/ZnS QDs single-doped with transition-metal compounds (Cu2+, Ag+, or Mn2+) are synthesized to compare their optical and morphological properties. The corresponding doping concentrations to realize dual emission with comparative intensity for Cu, Ag, and Mn are 0.8, 6, and 80%, which vary greatly and might be attributed to different precursor reactivities. As for the morphological and internal structures, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicate that transition-metal ions have no obvious effect on the morphological properties and a higher concentration of chloride anions binding with an In-rich interface could conduce to a homogeneous distribution and triangular growth through the comparison of different metal chlorides as precursors. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results further demonstrate that the high-resolution In 3d spectrum of Mn-doped InP/ZnS QDs with MnCl2 is mainly dominated by In-P bonds, indicating fewer intermediate chemical states. These results concerning well-defined InP/ZnS QDs could promote more diverse insight into surface chemistry and help to better understand the growth mechanism, thus making it possible to regulate InP/ZnS QDs into desired formats for different practical applications like white light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wei
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shiliang Mei
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Bobo Yang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hanqing Dai
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guilin Zhang
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fengxian Xie
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wanlu Zhang
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruiqian Guo
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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16
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Mondal P, Chakraborty S, Grandhi GK, Viswanatha R. Copper Doping in II-VI Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Single-Particle Fluorescence Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5367-5372. [PMID: 32522003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Copper doping in II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) has sparked enormous debate regarding the oxidation state of Cu ions and their hugely differing consequences in optoelectronic applications. The identity of a magnetically active Cu2+ ion or a magnetically inactive d10 Cu+ ion has generally been probed using optical techniques, and confusion arises from the spatial clutter that is part of the technique. One major probe that could declutter the data obtained from ensemble emission is single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy. In this work, using this very technique along with X-ray absorption spectroscopy probing the local environment of dopant ions, we study Cu-doped II-VI semiconductor NCs to find conclusive evidence on the oxidation state of Cu dopants and hence the mechanism of their emission. Detailed analysis of blinking properties has been used to study the single-particle nature of the NCs.
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17
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Fuhr A, Yun HJ, Crooker SA, Klimov VI. Spectroscopic and Magneto-Optical Signatures of Cu 1+ and Cu 2+ Defects in Copper Indium Sulfide Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2212-2223. [PMID: 31927981 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) of I-III-VI ternary compounds such as copper indium sulfide (CIS) and copper indium selenide (CISe) have been under intense investigation due to both their unusual photophysical properties and considerable technological utility. These materials feature a toxic-element-free composition, a tunable bandgap that covers near-infrared and visible spectral energies, and a highly efficient photoluminescence (PL) whose spectrum is located in the reabsorption-free intragap region. These properties make them attractive for light-emission and light-harvesting applications including photovoltaics and luminescent solar concentrators. Despite a large body of literature on device-related studies of CISe(S) QDs, the understanding of their fundamental photophysical properties is surprisingly poor. Two particular subjects that are still heavily debated in the literature include the mechanism(s) for strong intragap emission and the reason(s) for a poorly defined (featureless) absorption edge, which often "tails" below the nominal bandgap. Here, we address these questions by conducting comprehensive spectroscopic studies of CIS QD samples with varied Cu-to-In ratios using resonant PL and PL excitation, femtosecond transient absorption, and magnetic circular dichroism measurements. These studies reveal a strong effect of stoichiometry on the concentration of Cu1+ vs Cu2+ defects (occurring as CuIn″ and CuCu• species, respectively), and their effects on QD optical properties. In particular, we demonstrate that the increase in the relative amount of Cu2+ vs Cu1+ centers suppresses intragap absorption associated with Cu1+ states and sharpens band-edge absorption. In addition, we show that both Cu1+ and Cu2+ centers are emissive but are characterized by distinct activation mechanisms and slightly different emission energies due to different crystal lattice environments. An important overall conclusion of this study is that the relative importance of the Cu2+ vs Cu1+ emission/absorption channels can be controlled by tuning the Cu-to-In ratio, suggesting that the control of sample stoichiometry represents a powerful tool for achieving functionalities (e.g., strong intragap emission) that are not accessible with ideal, defect-free materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addis Fuhr
- Chemistry Division, C-PCS , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Hyeong Jin Yun
- Chemistry Division, C-PCS , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Scott A Crooker
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Chemistry Division, C-PCS , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
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