1
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Martínez JA, Langguth IC, Olivenza-León D, Morgenstern K. The structure-giving role of Rb + ions for water-ice nanoislands supported on Cu(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13667-13674. [PMID: 38563329 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05968e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We characterize the effect of rubidium ions on water-ice nanoislands in terms of area, fractal dimension, and apparent height by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Water nanoislands on the pristine Cu(111) surface are compared to those at similar coverage on a Rb+ pre-covered Cu(111) surface to reveal the structure-giving effect of Rb+. The presence of Rb+ induces changes in the island shape, and hence, the water network, without affecting the nanoisland volume. The broad area distribution shifts to larger values while the height decreases from three bilayers to one or two bilayers. The nanoislands on the Rb+ pre-covered surface are also more compact, reflected in a shift in the fractal dimension distribution. We relate the changes to a weakening of the hydrogen-bond network by Rb+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (IMRE), Universidad de La Habana, Zapata y G, Havana 10400, Cuba.
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Inga C Langguth
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - David Olivenza-León
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Karina Morgenstern
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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2
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Thomas J, Patwari J, Langguth IC, Penschke C, Zhou P, Morgenstern K, Bovensiepen U. Femtosecond Electron-Transfer Dynamics across the D 2O/Cs +/Cu(111) Interface: The Impact of Hydrogen Bonding. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:23467-23474. [PMID: 38264237 PMCID: PMC10801691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c06172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonding is essential in electron-transfer processes at water-electrode interfaces. We study the impact of the H-bonding of water as a solvent molecule on real-time electron-transfer dynamics across a Cs+-Cu(111) ion-metal interface using femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy. We distinguish in the formed water-alkali aggregates two regimes below and above two water molecules per ion. Upon crossing the boundary of these regimes, the lifetime of the excess electron localized transiently at the Cs+ ion increases from 40 to 60 fs, which indicates a reduced alkali-metal interaction. Furthermore, the energy transferred to a dynamic structural rearrangement due to hydration is reduced from 0.3 to 0.2 eV concomitantly. These effects are a consequence of H-bonding in the water-water interaction and the beginning formation of a nanoscale water network. This finding is supported by real-space imaging of the solvatomers and vibrational frequency shifts of the OH stretching and bending modes calculated for these specific interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Thomas
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Jayita Patwari
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
- Physical
Chemistry I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | | | - Christopher Penschke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm D-14476, Germany
| | - Ping Zhou
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
| | - Karina Morgenstern
- Physical
Chemistry I, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Uwe Bovensiepen
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, Duisburg 47057, Germany
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, The University
of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8581, Kashiwa, Japan
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3
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Salamon D, Bukvišová K, Jan V, Potoček M, Čechal J. Superflux of an organic adlayer towards its local reactive immobilization. Commun Chem 2023; 6:225. [PMID: 37853226 PMCID: PMC10584841 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
On-surface mass transport is the key process determining the kinetics and dynamics of on-surface reactions, including the formation of nanostructures, catalysis, or surface cleaning. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) localized on a majority of surfaces dramatically change their properties and act as reactants in many surface reactions. However, the fundamental question "How far and how fast can the molecules travel on the surface to react?" remains open. Here we show that isoprene, the natural VOC, can travel ~1 μm s-1, i.e., centimeters per day, quickly filling low-concentration areas if they become locally depleted. We show that VOC have high surface adhesion on ceramic surfaces and simultaneously high mobility providing a steady flow of resource material for focused electron beam synthesis, which is applicable also on rough or porous surfaces. Our work established the mass transport of reactants on solid surfaces and explored a route for nanofabrication using the natural VOC layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Salamon
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristýna Bukvišová
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Jan
- Fakulty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Potoček
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čechal
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Fakulty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic.
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4
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Kyrkjebø S, Cassidy A, Lambrick S, Jardine A, Holst B, Hornekær L. 3He spin-echo scattering indicates hindered diffusion of isolated water molecules on graphene-covered Ir(111). Front Chem 2023; 11:1229546. [PMID: 37867993 PMCID: PMC10587411 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1229546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of water diffusion on carbon surfaces are of interest in fields as diverse as furthering the use of graphene as an industrial-coating technology and understanding the catalytic role of carbon-based dust grains in the interstellar medium. The early stages of water-ice growth and the mobility of water adsorbates are inherently dependent on the microscopic mechanisms that facilitate water diffusion. Here, we use 3He spin-echo quasi-inelastic scattering to probe the microscopic mechanisms responsible for the diffusion of isolated water molecules on graphene-covered and bare Ir(111). The scattering of He atoms provides a non-invasive and highly surface-sensitive means to measure the rate at which absorbates move around on a substrate at very low coverage. Our results provide an approximate upper limit on the diffusion coefficient for water molecules on GrIr(111) of < 10 - 12 m2/s, an order of magnitude lower than the coefficient that describes the diffusion of water molecules on the bare Ir(111) surface. We attribute the hindered diffusion of water molecules on the GrIr(111) surface to water trapping at specific areas of the corrugated moiré superstructure. Lower mobility of water molecules on a surface is expected to lead to a lower ice nucleation rate and may enhance the macroscopic anti-icing properties of a surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Kyrkjebø
- Center for Interstellar Catalysis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andrew Cassidy
- Center for Interstellar Catalysis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sam Lambrick
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jardine
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bodil Holst
- Institute of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv Hornekær
- Center for Interstellar Catalysis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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5
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Deng H, Huang Y, Li J. Orientational Water Bonding on Pt(111): Beyond the Frontier Orbital Principle. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37494475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
For decades, our understanding of water-metal bonding has been dominated by the frontier orbital principle in which globally stable water-metal interactions are ruled by HOMO interacting with metal surfaces. Using density functional theory calculations, herein, we have revealed that the frontier orbital principle cannot be applied to metastable water bonding on Pt(111), where the decisive role of HOMO is replaced by HOMO-1 in terms of the greatest orbital shifts and depopulations as the two different bonding indicators. Unlike the stable water configuration in which both HOMO-1 and HOMO prefer to overlap with metal states through σ-like orbital interactions, metastable configurations exhibit delicate competition or balance between σ-like and π-like orbital interactions exerted by HOMO-1 and HOMO, respectively. These findings have significantly deepened our understanding of orbital roles in water-metal bonding interactions and bridged the gap between theoretical understanding of electrified waters at electrochemical interfaces and water science on metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochang Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yongli Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jibiao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
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6
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Hai P, Wu C, Ding X, Li Y. Coverage-dependent adsorption and dissociation of H 2O on Al surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13041-13048. [PMID: 37114345 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04386f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption and dissociation of H2O on Al surfaces including crystal planes and nanoparticles (ANPs) are systematically investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. H2O adsorption strength follows the order ANPs > Al(110) > Al(111) > Al(100). Due to the smaller cluster deformation caused by the moderate H2O adsorption, the relative magnitude of H2O adsorption strength on ANPs and crystal planes is opposite to the trend of adatoms like O* and/or N*. The energy barrier for the decomposition of H2O into H* and OH* is larger on ANPs than on crystal planes, and it decreases with the increasing cluster size. Due to the competition between the hydrogen (H) bonding among water molecules and the interaction between the water molecules and the substrate, the adsorption strength of H2O first increases and then decreases with the increase of water coverage. Moreover, each H2O molecule can efficiently form up to two H bonds with two H2O molecules. As a result, H2O molecules tend to aggregate into cyclic structures rather than chains on Al surfaces. Furthermore, the dissociation energy barrier of H2O drops with the increasing water coverage due to the presence of H bonds. Our results provide insight into interactions between water and Al, which can be extended to understand the interaction between water and other metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqi Hai
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Wu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanjie Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Academy of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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7
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Sacchi M, Tamtögl A. Water adsorption and dynamics on graphene and other 2D materials: Computational and experimental advances. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2022; 8:2134051. [PMID: 36816858 PMCID: PMC7614201 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2022.2134051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of water and surfaces, at molecular level, is of critical importance for understanding processes such as corrosion, friction, catalysis and mass transport. The significant literature on interactions with single crystal metal surfaces should not obscure unknowns in the unique behaviour of ice and the complex relationships between adsorption, diffusion and long-range inter-molecular interactions. Even less is known about the atomic-scale behaviour of water on novel, non-metallic interfaces, in particular on graphene and other 2D materials. In this manuscript, we review recent progress in the characterisation of water adsorption on 2D materials, with a focus on the nano-material graphene and graphitic nanostructures; materials which are of paramount importance for separation technologies, electrochemistry and catalysis, to name a few. The adsorption of water on graphene has also become one of the benchmark systems for modern computational methods, in particular dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT). We then review recent experimental and theoretical advances in studying the single-molecular motion of water at surfaces, with a special emphasis on scattering approaches as they allow an unparalleled window of observation to water surface motion, including diffusion, vibration and self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sacchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - A. Tamtögl
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
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8
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Cai S, Kurki L, Xu C, Foster AS, Liljeroth P. Water Dimer-Driven DNA Base Superstructure with Mismatched Hydrogen Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20227-20231. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Cai
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Kurki
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Adam S. Foster
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Peter Liljeroth
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
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9
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Bera A, Henkel S, Mieres‐Perez J, Andargie Tsegaw Y, Sanchez‐Garcia E, Sander W, Morgenstern K. Surface Diffusion Aided by a Chirality Change of Self-Assembled Oligomers under 2D Confinement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212245. [PMID: 36056533 PMCID: PMC9827888 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chirality switching of self-assembled molecular structures is of potential interest for designing functional materials but is restricted by the strong interaction between the embedded molecules. Here, we report on an unusual approach based on reversible chirality changes of self-assembled oligomers using variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy supported by quantum mechanical calculations. Six functionalized diazomethanes each self-assemble into chiral wheel-shaped oligomers on Ag(111). At 130 K, a temperature far lower than expected, the oligomers change their chirality even though the molecules reside in an embedded self-assembled structure. Each chirality change is accompanied by a slight center-of-mass shift. We show how the identical activation energies of the two processes result from the interplay of the chirality change with surface diffusion, findings that open the possibility of implementing various functional materials from self-assembled supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Bera
- Physikalische Chemie IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Stefan Henkel
- Organic Chemistry IIRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Joel Mieres‐Perez
- Computational BiochemistryUniversität Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstr. 245141EssenGermany
| | | | - Elsa Sanchez‐Garcia
- Computational BiochemistryUniversität Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstr. 245141EssenGermany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Organic Chemistry IIRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Karina Morgenstern
- Physikalische Chemie IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
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10
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Bera A, Henkel S, Mieres-Perez J, Tsegaw YA, Sanchez-Garcia E, Sander W, Morgenstern K. Surface Diffusion Aided by a Chirality Change of Self‐Assembled Oligomers under 2D Confinement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Bera
- Midnapore College Physics Raja Bajar Main Rd. 721101 Midnapore INDIA
| | - Stefan Henkel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Organic Chemistry II GERMANY
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- University of Duisburg-Essen: Universitat Duisburg-Essen Computational Biochemistry GERMANY
| | | | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- University of Duisburg-Essen: Universitat Duisburg-Essen Computational Biochemistry GERMANY
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Organic Chemistry II GERMANY
| | - Karina Morgenstern
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Physical Chemistry I GERMANY
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11
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Fang W, Meyer Auf der Heide KM, Zaum C, Michaelides A, Morgenstern K. Rapid Water Diffusion at Cryogenic Temperatures through an Inchworm-like Mechanism. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:340-346. [PMID: 34958578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water diffusion across the surfaces of materials is of importance to disparate processes such as water purification, ice formation, and more. Despite reports of rapid water diffusion on surfaces the molecular level, details of such processes remain unclear. Here, with scanning tunneling microscopy, we observe structural rearrangements and diffusion of water trimers at unexpectedly low temperatures (<10 K) on a copper surface, temperatures at which water monomers or other clusters do not diffuse. Density functional theory calculations reveal a facile trimer diffusion process involving transformations between elongated and almost cyclic conformers in an inchworm-like manner. These subtle intermolecular reorientations maintain an optimal balance of hydrogen-bonding and water-surface interactions throughout the process. This work shows that the diffusion of hydrogen-bonded clusters can occur at exceedingly low temperatures without the need for hydrogen bond breakage or exchange; findings that will influence Ostwald ripening of ice nanoclusters and hydrogen bonded clusters in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christopher Zaum
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Karina Morgenstern
- Lehrstuhl für physikalische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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12
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Abstract
The diffusion of water molecules and clusters across the surfaces of materials is important to a wide range of processes. Interestingly, experiments have shown that on certain substrates, water dimers can diffuse more rapidly than water monomers. Whilst explanations for anomalously fast diffusion have been presented for specific systems, the general underlying physical principles are not yet established. We investigate this through a systematic ab initio study of water monomer and dimer diffusion on a range of surfaces. Calculations reveal different mechanisms for fast water dimer diffusion, which is found to be more widespread than previously anticipated. The key factors affecting diffusion are the balance of water-water versus water-surface bonding and the ease with which hydrogen-bond exchange can occur (either through a classical over-the-barrier process or through quantum-mechanical tunnelling). We anticipate that the insights gained will be useful for understanding future experiments on the diffusion and clustering of hydrogen-bonded adsorbates. The experimental observation that water dimers diffuse more rapidly than monomers across materials’ surfaces is yet to be clarified. Here the authors show by ab initio calculations classical and quantum mechanical mechanisms for faster water dimer diffusion on a broad range of metal and non-metal surfaces.
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13
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Gerrard N, Mistry K, Darling GR, Hodgson A. Formation of Linear Water Chains on Ni(110). J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2121-2126. [PMID: 32109072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Materials that bind strongly to water structure the contact layer, modifying its chemical and physical properties in a manner that depends on the symmetry and reactivity of the surface. Although detailed models have been developed for several inert surfaces, much less is known about reactive surfaces, particularly those with a symmetry different from that of ice. Here we investigate water adsorption on a rectangular surface, Ni(110), an active re-forming catalyst that interacts strongly with water. Instead of forming a network of H-bonded cyclic rings, water forms flat 1D water chains, leaving half the Ni atoms exposed. Second layer water also follows the surface symmetry, forming chains of alternating pentamer and heptamer rings in preference to an extended 2D structure. This behavior is different from that found on other surfaces studied previously and is driven by the short lattice spacing of the solid and the strength of the Ni-water bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Gerrard
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Kallum Mistry
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - George R Darling
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Andrew Hodgson
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
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14
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Vyshnepolsky M, Morgenstern K. Common structures of CO 2 on structurally different coin metal surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:497-506. [PMID: 31825407 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05813c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate superstructures formed by CO2 on Ag(100) and Cu(111) from small clusters forming at 21 K up to multilayers grown at 43 K by low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. On both surfaces, CO2 nucleates only at defects, here at co-adsorbed CO. At the lower adsorption temperature, superstructures of different symmetry coexist on both surfaces at submonolayer coverage, while the superstructures formed at the higher adsorption temperature differ largely for the two surfaces. On Ag(100), the CO2 monolayer exhibits a long-range order interrupted by antiphase domain boundaries. On Cu(111), a random distribution of domain structures of different symmetry leads to a monolayer without long-range order. Surprisingly, the degree of ordering is inverted for the 2nd layer of CO2. On Ag(100), the coexistence of different superstructures in the 2nd layer leads to reduced long-range order. On Cu(111), a hexagonal 2nd layer exhibits long-range order. A layer of a similar superstructure, hexagonal with long-range order, exists as the 3rd layer of Ag(100). Despite the different substrates, a multitude of common structural features of CO2 exist. Hexagonal layers grow with a long-range order on less ordered layers on both surfaces. Our results suggest that the preferred structure of a CO2 layer is hexagonal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vyshnepolsky
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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15
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Auras SV, van Bree RAB, Bashlakov DL, van Lent R, Juurlink LBF. It's not just the defects - a curved crystal study of H 2O desorption from Ag. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15422-15430. [PMID: 31287471 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02609f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate water desorption from hydrophobic surfaces using two curved Ag single crystals centered at (111) and (001) apices. On these types of crystals the step density gradually increases along the curvature, allowing us to probe large ranges of surface structures in between the (001), (111) and (110) planes. Subtle differences in desorption of submonolayer water coverages point toward structure dependencies in water cluster nucleation. The B-type step on hydrophobic Ag binds water structures more strongly than adjacent (111) planes, leading to preferred desorption from steps. This driving force is smaller for A-type steps on (111) terraces. The A'-type step flanked by (001) terraces shows no indication of preferred desorption from steps. Extrapolation to the (311) surface, not contained within either curved surface, demonstrates that both A- and A'-type steps can be regarded chemically identical for water desorption. The different trends in desorption temperature on the two crystals can thus be attributed to stronger water adsorption at (001) planes than at (111) planes and identical to adsorption at the step. These results show that our approach to studying the structure dependence of water desorption is sensitive to variations in desorption energy smaller than 'chemical accuracy', i.e. 1 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine V Auras
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert A B van Bree
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Dima L Bashlakov
- ILTPE, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Nauky Ave., Kharkiv 61103, Ukraine
| | - Richard van Lent
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ludo B F Juurlink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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