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Hollinger R, Herrmann P, Korolev V, Zapf M, Shumakova V, Röder R, Uschmann I, Pugžlys A, Baltuška A, Zürch M, Ronning C, Spielmann C, Kartashov D. Polarization Dependent Excitation and High Harmonic Generation from Intense Mid-IR Laser Pulses in ZnO. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 11:nano11010004. [PMID: 33375116 PMCID: PMC7822178 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The generation of high order harmonics from femtosecond mid-IR laser pulses in ZnO has shown great potential to reveal new insight into the ultrafast electron dynamics on a few femtosecond timescale. In this work we report on the experimental investigation of photoluminescence and high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in a ZnO single crystal and polycrystalline thin film irradiated with intense femtosecond mid-IR laser pulses. The ellipticity dependence of the HHG process is experimentally studied up to the 17th harmonic order for various driving laser wavelengths in the spectral range 3-4 µm. Interband Zener tunneling is found to exhibit a significant excitation efficiency drop for circularly polarized strong-field pump pulses. For higher harmonics with energies larger than the bandgap, the measured ellipticity dependence can be quantitatively described by numerical simulations based on the density matrix equations. The ellipticity dependence of the below and above ZnO band gap harmonics as a function of the laser wavelength provides an efficient method for distinguishing the dominant HHG mechanism for different harmonic orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hollinger
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.H.); (V.K.); (I.U.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (D.K.)
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-9-47235
| | - Paul Herrmann
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.H.); (V.K.); (I.U.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Viacheslav Korolev
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.H.); (V.K.); (I.U.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Maximilian Zapf
- Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.Z.); (R.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Valentina Shumakova
- Institute for Photonics, Technical University Vienna, Gußhausstrasse. 25-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Robert Röder
- Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.Z.); (R.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Ingo Uschmann
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.H.); (V.K.); (I.U.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (D.K.)
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Audrius Pugžlys
- Institute for Photonics, Technical University Vienna, Gußhausstrasse. 25-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrius Baltuška
- Institute for Photonics, Technical University Vienna, Gußhausstrasse. 25-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Michael Zürch
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.H.); (V.K.); (I.U.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (D.K.)
- Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayway 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, 237B Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carsten Ronning
- Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.Z.); (R.R.); (C.R.)
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Albert Einstein Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Spielmann
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.H.); (V.K.); (I.U.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (D.K.)
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Albert Einstein Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniil Kartashov
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany; (P.H.); (V.K.); (I.U.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (D.K.)
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Albert Einstein Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Chang S, Lee GJ, Song YM. Recent Advances in Vertically Aligned Nanowires for Photonics Applications. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11080726. [PMID: 32722655 PMCID: PMC7465648 DOI: 10.3390/mi11080726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, nanowires have arisen as a centerpiece in various fields of application from electronics to photonics, and, recently, even in bio-devices. Vertically aligned nanowires are a particularly decent example of commercially manufacturable nanostructures with regard to its packing fraction and matured fabrication techniques, which is promising for mass-production and low fabrication cost. Here, we track recent advances in vertically aligned nanowires focused in the area of photonics applications. Begin with the core optical properties in nanowires, this review mainly highlights the photonics applications such as light-emitting diodes, lasers, spectral filters, structural coloration and artificial retina using vertically aligned nanowires with the essential fabrication methods based on top-down and bottom-up approaches. Finally, the remaining challenges will be briefly discussed to provide future directions.
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