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Gupta A, Ondry JC, Lin K, Chen Y, Hudson MH, Chen M, Schaller RD, Rossini AJ, Rabani E, Talapin DV. Composition-Defined Optical Properties and the Direct-to-Indirect Transition in Core-Shell In 1-xGa xP/ZnS Colloidal Quantum Dots. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37466972 PMCID: PMC10401719 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors are commonly divided into materials with direct or indirect band gaps based on the relative positions of the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band in crystal momentum (k) space. It has, however, been debated if k is a useful quantum number to describe the band structure in quantum-confined nanocrystalline systems, which blur the distinction between direct and indirect gap semiconductors. In bulk III-V semiconductor alloys like In1-xGaxP, the band structure can be tuned continuously from the direct- to indirect-gap by changing the value of x. The effect of strong quantum confinement on the direct-to-indirect transition in this system has yet to be established because high-quality colloidal nanocrystal samples have remained inaccessible. Herein, we report one of the first systematic studies of ternary III-V nanocrystals by utilizing an optimized molten-salt In-to-Ga cation exchange protocol to yield bright In1-xGaxP/ZnS core-shell particles with photoluminescence quantum yields exceeding 80%. We performed two-dimensional solid-state NMR studies to assess the alloy homogeneity and the extent of surface oxidation in In1-xGaxP cores. The radiative decay lifetime for In1-xGaxP/ZnS monotonically increases with higher gallium content. Transient absorption studies on In1-xGaxP/ZnS nanocrystals demonstrate signatures of direct- and indirect-like behavior based on the presence or absence, respectively, of excitonic bleach features. Atomistic electronic structure calculations based on the semi-empirical pseudopotential model are used to calculate absorption spectra and radiative lifetimes and evaluate band-edge degeneracy; the resulting calculated electronic properties are consistent with experimental observations. By studying photoluminescence characteristics at elevated temperatures, we demonstrate that a reduced lattice mismatch at the III-V/II-VI core-shell interface can enhance the thermal stability of emission. These insights establish cation exchange in molten inorganic salts as a viable synthetic route to nontoxic, high-quality In1-xGaxP/ZnS QD emitters with desirable optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritrajit Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kailai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yunhua Chen
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Margaret H Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center of Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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Sharma D, Choudhary P, Kumar S, Krishnan V. Transition Metal Phosphide Nanoarchitectonics for Versatile Organic Catalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207053. [PMID: 36650943 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal phosphides (TMP) posses unique physiochemical, geometrical, and electronic properties, which can be exploited for different catalytic applications, such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, organic catalysis, etc. Among others, the use of TMP for organic catalysis is less explored and still facing many complex challenges, which necessitate the development of sustainable catalytic reaction protocols demonstrating high selectivity and yield of the desired molecules of high significance. In this regard, the controlled synthesis of TMP-based catalysts and thorough investigations of underlying reaction mechanisms can provide deeper insights toward practical achievement of desired applications. This review aims at providing a comprehensive analysis on the recent advancements in the synthetic strategies for the tailored and tunable engineering of structural, geometrical, and electronic properties of TMP. In addition, their unprecedented catalytic potential toward different organic transformation reactions is succinctly summarized and critically analyzed. Finally, a rational perspective on future opportunities and challenges in the emerging field of organic catalysis is provided. On the account of the recent achievements accomplished in organic synthesis using TMP, it is highly anticipated that the use of TMP combined with advanced innovative technologies and methodologies can pave the way toward large scale realization of organic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175075, India
| | - Priyanka Choudhary
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175075, India
| | - Sahil Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175075, India
| | - Venkata Krishnan
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175075, India
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Qu J, Beznasyuk DV, Cassidy M, Tanta R, Yang L, Holmes NP, Griffith MJ, Krogstrup P, Cairney JM. Atomic-Scale Characterization of Planar Selective-Area-Grown InAs/InGaAs Nanowires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47981-47990. [PMID: 36222623 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-scale information about the structural and compositional properties of novel semiconductor nanowires is essential to tailoring their properties for specific applications, but characterization at this length scale remains a challenging task. Here, quasi-1D InAs/InGaAs semiconductor nanowire arrays were grown by selective area epitaxy (SAE) using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and their subsequent properties were analyzed by a combination of atom probe tomography (APT) and aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results revealed the chemical composition of the outermost thin InAs layer, a fine variation in the indium content at the InAs/InGaAs interface, and lightly incorporated element tracing. The results highlight the importance of correlative microscopy approaches in revealing complex nanoscale structures, with TEM being uniquely suited to interrogating the crystallography of InGaAs NWs, whereas APT is capable of three-dimensional (3D) elemental mapping, revealing the subtle compositional variation near the boundary region. This work demonstrates a detailed pathway for the nanoscale structural assessment of novel one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria V Beznasyuk
- Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rawa Tanta
- Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Peter Krogstrup
- Center for Quantum Devices, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zeng X, Zhang W, Zou X, Su X, Yartsev A, Borgström MT. In situpassivation of Ga xIn (1-x)P nanowires using radial Al yIn (1-y)P shells grown by MOVPE. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:425705. [PMID: 34229309 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
GaxIn(1-x)P nanowires with suitable bandgap (1.35-2.26 eV) ranging from the visible to near-infrared wavelength have great potential in optoelectronic applications. Due to the large surface-to-volume ratio of nanowires, the surface states become a pronounced factor affecting device performance. In this work, we performed a systematic study of GaxIn(1-x)P nanowires' surface passivation, utilizing AlyIn(1-y)P shells grownin situby using a metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy system. Time-resolved photoinduced luminescence and time-resolved THz spectroscopy measurements were performed to study the nanowires' carrier recombination processes. Compared to the bare Ga0.41In0.59P nanowires without shells, the hole and electron lifetime of the nanowires with the Al0.36In0.64P shells are found to be larger by 40 and 1.1 times, respectively, demonstrating effective surface passivation of trap states. When shells with higher Al composition were grown, both lifetimes of free holes and electrons decreased prominently. We attribute the acceleration of PL decay to an increase in the trap states' density due to the formation of defects, including the polycrystalline and oxidized amorphous areas in these samples. Furthermore, in a separate set of samples, we varied the shell thickness. We observed that a certain shell thickness of approximately ∼20 nm is needed for efficient passivation of Ga0.31In0.69P nanowires. The photoconductivity of the sample with a shell thickness of 23 nm decays 10 times slower compared with that of the bare core nanowires. We concluded that both the hole and electron trapping and the overall charge recombination in GaxIn(1-x)P nanowires can be substantially passivated through growing an AlyIn(1-y)P shell with appropriate Al composition and thickness. Therefore, we have developed an effectivein situsurface passivation of GaxIn(1-x)P nanowires by use of AlyIn(1-y)P shells, paving the way to high-performance GaxIn(1-x)P nanowires optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulu Zeng
- Solid State Physics, NanoLund, Lund University, PO Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Division of Chemical Physics, NanoLund, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Xianshao Zou
- Division of Chemical Physics, NanoLund, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiaojun Su
- Division of Chemical Physics, NanoLund, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Arkady Yartsev
- Division of Chemical Physics, NanoLund, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus T Borgström
- Solid State Physics, NanoLund, Lund University, PO Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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Al-Abri R, Choi H, Parkinson P. Measuring, controlling and exploiting heterogeneity in optoelectronic nanowires. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/abe282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Fabricated from ZnO, III-N, chalcogenide-based, III-V, hybrid perovskite or other materials, semiconductor nanowires offer single-element and array functionality as photovoltaic, non-linear, electroluminescent and lasing components. In many applications their advantageous properties emerge from their geometry; a high surface-to-volume ratio for facile access to carriers, wavelength-scale dimensions for waveguiding or a small nanowire-substrate footprint enabling heterogeneous growth. However, inhomogeneity during bottom-up growth is ubiquitous and can impact morphology, geometry, crystal structure, defect density, heterostructure dimensions and ultimately functional performance. In this topical review, we discuss the origin and impact of heterogeneity within and between optoelectronic nanowires, and introduce methods to assess, optimise and ultimately exploit wire-to-wire disorder.
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Li SH, Qi MY, Tang ZR, Xu YJ. Nanostructured metal phosphides: from controllable synthesis to sustainable catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7539-7586. [PMID: 34002737 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00323b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metal phosphides (MPs) with unique and desirable physicochemical properties provide promising potential in practical applications, such as the catalysis, gas/humidity sensor, environmental remediation, and energy storage fields, especially for transition metal phosphides (TMPs) and MPs consisting of group IIIA and IVA metal elements. Most studies, however, on the synthesis of MP nanomaterials still face intractable challenges, encompassing the need for a more thorough understanding of the growth mechanism, strategies for large-scale synthesis of targeted high-quality MPs, and practical achievement of functional applications. This review aims at providing a comprehensive update on the controllable synthetic strategies for MPs from various metal sources. Additionally, different passivation strategies for engineering the structural and electronic properties of MP nanostructures are scrutinized. Then, we showcase the implementable applications of MP-based materials in emerging sustainable catalytic fields including electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, mild thermocatalysis, and related hybrid systems. Finally, we offer a rational perspective on future opportunities and remaining challenges for the development of MPs in the materials science and sustainable catalysis fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hai Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Yu Qi
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Zi-Rong Tang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Jun Xu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.
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Shi XL, Zou J, Chen ZG. Advanced Thermoelectric Design: From Materials and Structures to Devices. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7399-7515. [PMID: 32614171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The long-standing popularity of thermoelectric materials has contributed to the creation of various thermoelectric devices and stimulated the development of strategies to improve their thermoelectric performance. In this review, we aim to comprehensively summarize the state-of-the-art strategies for the realization of high-performance thermoelectric materials and devices by establishing the links between synthesis, structural characteristics, properties, underlying chemistry and physics, including structural design (point defects, dislocations, interfaces, inclusions, and pores), multidimensional design (quantum dots/wires, nanoparticles, nanowires, nano- or microbelts, few-layered nanosheets, nano- or microplates, thin films, single crystals, and polycrystalline bulks), and advanced device design (thermoelectric modules, miniature generators and coolers, and flexible thermoelectric generators). The outline of each strategy starts with a concise presentation of their fundamentals and carefully selected examples. In the end, we point out the controversies, challenges, and outlooks toward the future development of thermoelectric materials and devices. Overall, this review will serve to help materials scientists, chemists, and physicists, particularly students and young researchers, in selecting suitable strategies for the improvement of thermoelectrics and potentially other relevant energy conversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Shi
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland 4300, Australia.,School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jin Zou
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland 4300, Australia.,School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Sun Q, Gao H, Zhang X, Yao X, Xu S, Zheng K, Chen P, Lu W, Zou J. High-quality epitaxial wurtzite structured InAs nanosheets grown in MBE. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:271-276. [PMID: 31819937 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08429k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have grown epitaxial wurtzite structured InAs nanosheets using Au catalysts on a GaAs{111}B substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. Through detailed electron microscopy characterization studies on grown nanosheets, it was found that these wurtzite structured InAs nanosheets grew epitaxially on the GaAs{111}B substrate, with {0001[combining macron]} catalyst/nanosheet interfaces and extensive {112[combining macron]0} surfaces. It was anticipated that the epitaxially grown InAs nanosheet can be triggered by a high supersaturation in catalysts, leading to an inclined growth leaving the substrate surface, and driven by the small lattice mismatch between the nanosheets and the substrate, with the orientation relationship of (0001[combining macron])InAs//(112[combining macron])GaAs. This study provides insights into achieving epitaxial free-standing III-V nanosheet growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Han Gao
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xutao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaomei Yao
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia and State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengduo Xu
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kun Zheng
- Institute of Microstructure and Properties of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yutian Road, Shanghai 200083, China and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jin Zou
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Gao H, Sun Q, Sun W, Tan HH, Jagadish C, Zou J. Understanding the Effect of Catalyst Size on the Epitaxial Growth of Hierarchical Structured InGaP Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8262-8269. [PMID: 31661618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of a catalyst on the growth of nanowires is crucial for their controllable synthesis. In this study, we report the growth of InGaP nanowires induced by different-sized Au catalysts by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Through electron microscopy characterization, two types of InGaP nanowires are identified, and the difference in catalyst size is shown to cause their different morphological, structural, and compositional characteristics. Furthermore, the influencing mechanism of catalyst size on the formation of hierarchical structures in nanowires is discussed. This study provides an insight for a better understanding of the growth of ternary nanowires, especially the effect of catalyst size, which can be a promising approach to control the ternary nanowire growth, and is therefore beneficial for the design of the corresponding nanowire-based device.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
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